Tanki yolemera IS-7
Tanki yolemera IS-7
Mbali yakutsogolo ndi trihedral, monga IS-3, koma osati mochulukira kutsogolo. Monga malo opangira magetsi, adakonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito chipika cha injini ziwiri za dizilo za V-16 zokhala ndi mphamvu ya 1200 hp. Ndi. Kutumiza kwamagetsi kunali kofanana ndi komwe kunayikidwa pa IS-6. Ma tanki amafuta anali pamaziko a injini yaing'ono, pomwe, chifukwa cha mapepala am'mbali a hull amawombera mkati, malo opanda kanthu adapangidwa. Zida za tanki ya IS-7, zomwe zinali ndi mfuti ya 130-mm S-26, zitatu. mfuti zamakina DT ndi awiri 14,5 mamilimita Vladimirov mfuti (KPV) inali mu kuponyedwa flattened turret. Ngakhale kulemera kwakukulu - matani 65, galimoto inakhala yaying'ono kwambiri. Chitsanzo chamatabwa chokwanira cha thanki chinamangidwa. Mu 1946, mapangidwe a mtundu wina adayamba, omwe anali ndi index yofananira ya fakitale - 260. Mu theka lachiwiri la 1946, molingana ndi zojambula za dipatimenti yopangira ma tanki, ma prototypes awiri a chinthu 100 adapangidwa m'masitolo. Kirov Plant ndi nthambi ya Plant No. 260. Woyamba wa iwo anasonkhanitsidwa pa September 8 1946, adadutsa makilomita 1000 pamayesero apanyanja kumapeto kwa chaka ndipo, malinga ndi zotsatira zawo, adakumana ndi zofunikira zazikulu zamaluso ndi zamakono.
Liwiro pazipita 60 Km / h anafika, liwiro avareji pa msewu wosweka cobblestone anali 32 Km / h. Chitsanzo chachiwiri chinasonkhanitsidwa pa December 25, 1946 ndipo chinadutsa 45 km ya mayesero a nyanja. Pakupanga makina atsopano, zojambula zogwira ntchito pafupifupi 1500 zidapangidwa, mayankho opitilira 25 adalowetsedwa mu polojekitiyi, zomwe sizinachitikepo m'mbuyomu. kumanga matanki, mabungwe oposa 20 ndi mabungwe asayansi adagwira nawo ntchito yopititsa patsogolo ndi zokambirana. Chifukwa chosowa injini ya 1200 hp. ndi. amayenera kukhazikitsa mu IS-7 mapasa unsembe wa awiri V-16 injini dizilo kuchokera chomera nambala 77. Pa nthawi yomweyo, Utumiki wa Transport Engineering wa USSR (Mintransmash) analangiza chomera nambala 800 kupanga injini zofunika . Chomeracho sichinakwaniritse ntchitoyo, ndipo mapasa a fakitale No. 77 adachedwa ndi masiku omaliza omwe avomerezedwa ndi Unduna wa Zamalonda. Kuphatikiza apo, sichinayesedwe ndikuyesedwa ndi wopanga. Mayesero ndi kukonza bwino kunachitika ndi nthambi ya chomera No. Popanda injini yofunikira, koma kuyesetsa kukwaniritsa ntchito ya boma pa nthawi yake, chomera cha Kirovsky, pamodzi ndi malo opangira ndege No. . Zotsatira zake, injini za TD-100 zidayikidwa pazitsanzo ziwiri zoyambirira za IS-500, zomwe zidawonetsa kuyenerera kwawo pamayesero, koma chifukwa chakusanja bwino, zidayenera kukonzedwa bwino. Pa ntchito yopangira magetsi, zida zingapo zidayambitsidwa pang'onopang'ono, ndikuyesedwa pang'ono m'malo a labotale: akasinja amafuta a mphira ofewa okhala ndi malita 30, zida zozimitsa moto zokhala ndi zosinthira zodziwikiratu zomwe zimagwira ntchito kutentha kwa 300. ° -7 ° C, makina oziziritsa a injini ya ejection. Kutumiza kwa tanki kudapangidwa m'mitundu iwiri.
Yoyamba, yopangidwa ndi kuyesedwa mu IS-7, inali ndi bokosi la gear lothamanga zisanu ndi chimodzi lomwe limakhala ndi magalimoto osuntha ndi ma synchronizers. Njira yozungulira ndi mapulaneti, magawo awiri. Kuwongolera kunali ndi ma hydraulic servos. Pakuyesa, kufalitsa kunawonetsa mikhalidwe yabwino yokokera, yopereka kuthamanga kwagalimoto. Baibulo lachiwiri la sikisi-liwiro kufala Buku linapangidwa pamodzi ndi Moscow State Technical University dzina lake N. E. Bauman. Kutumiza ndi mapulaneti, 4-liwiro, ndi tig ZK kutembenuza makina. Kuwongolera akasinja motsogozedwa ndi ma hydraulic servo drives okhala ndi zida zodalirika zosankhidwa. Pakukula kwa undercarriage, dipatimenti yomanga idapanga njira zingapo zoyimitsira, zopangidwa ndi kuyesedwa kwa labotale pama tanki a serial ndi kuyesa koyamba kwa IS-7. Kutengera izi, zojambula zomaliza za chassis yonse zidapangidwa. Kwa nthawi yoyamba m'nyumba yosungiramo matanki apanyumba, mbozi zokhala ndi mphira-zitsulo zopangira mphira, zotsekera pawiri-acting hydraulic shock, mawilo amsewu okhala ndi mayamwidwe owopsa amkati, omwe amagwira ntchito molemera kwambiri, komanso mipiringidzo yamitengo. Cannon ya 130 mm S-26 idayikidwa ndi mabuleki atsopano otsekeka. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa moto (maulendo 6 pamphindi) kunatsimikiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina otsegula.
Tanki ya IS-7 inali ndi mfuti 7: imodzi ya 14,5-mm ndi ma caliber asanu ndi limodzi a 7,62-mm. luso lakunja. Zitsanzo zopangidwa ndi turret mount kwa mfuti ziwiri za 7,62-mm zidayikidwa kumbuyo kwa turret ya thanki yoyesera ndipo adayesedwa, kuwonetsetsa kuyendetsa bwino kwa mfuti zamakina. Kuphatikiza pa zitsanzo ziwiri zomwe zinasonkhanitsidwa ku Kirov Plant ndikuyesedwa panyanja kumapeto kwa 1946 - koyambirira kwa 1947, zida zina ziwiri zankhondo ndi ma turrets awiri zidapangidwa ku Izhora Plant. Mabomba ndi ma turrets awa adayesedwa ndi zipolopolo kuchokera kumfuti za 81-mm, 122-mm ndi 128-mm pabwalo lophunzitsira la GABTU Kubinka. Zotsatira za mayeso zinapanga maziko a zida zomaliza za thanki yatsopano. M'chaka cha 1947, ntchito yaikulu inali ikuchitika ku ofesi yokonza mapulani a Kirov Plant kuti apange pulojekiti yowonjezereka ya IS-7. Ntchitoyi idasungidwa zambiri kuchokera kwa omwe adatsogolera, koma nthawi yomweyo, kusintha kwakukulu kudapangidwa kwa iyo. Chombocho chinakula pang'ono, ndipo turret inakhala yosalala. IS-7 idalandira mbali zokhotakhota zomwe zidapangidwa ndi wopanga G. N. Moskvin. Zidazo zidalimbikitsidwa, galimotoyo idalandira mfuti yatsopano ya 130-mm S-70 yokhala ndi mbiya yayitali ya 54 caliber. Chojambula chake cholemera 33,4 kg chinasiya mbiya ndi liwiro loyamba la 900 m / s. Chinthu chachilendo pa nthawi yake chinali njira yoyendetsera moto. Chipangizo chowongolera moto chinatsimikizira kuti prism yokhazikika imayang'ana pa chandamale mosasamala kanthu za mfuti, mfutiyo idangobweretsedwa pamzere wokhazikika wokhazikika ikawombera, ndipo kuwomberako kumangowombera. Thankiyo inali ndi mfuti 8 zamakina, kuphatikiza ma KPV awiri a 14,5 mm. Mmodzi wamkulu-caliber ndi awiri RP-46 7,62-mamilimita calibers (amakono buku pambuyo pa nkhondo DT makina mfuti) anaikidwa mu chofunda mfuti. Ma RP-46 enanso awiri anali pa zotchingira, ena awiri, atabwerera m'mbuyo, adalumikizidwa kunja m'mbali mwa mbali yakumbuyo kwa nsanja. Mfuti zonse zimayendetsedwa ndikutali.
Zipolopolo zinali zozungulira 30 zonyamula zosiyana, zozungulira 400 za 14,5 mm ndi zozungulira 2500 za 7,62 mm. Kwa zitsanzo zoyamba za IS-7, pamodzi ndi Research Institute of Artillery Weapons, kwa nthawi yoyamba m'nyumba yosungiramo matanki apanyumba, ma ejectors opangidwa ndi mbale za zida zankhondo adagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu isanu yosiyana ya ejector idayesedwa koyambirira pamayimidwe. Chosefera cha mpweya chowuma chosasunthika chinayikidwa ndi magawo awiri otsuka ndi kuchotsa fumbi lokha kuchokera mu hopper pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya mpweya wotulutsa mpweya. Kutha kwa akasinja mafuta osinthika, opangidwa ndi nsalu yapadera ndi kupirira kuthamanga kwa 0,5 atm., Chinawonjezeka kwa malita 1300. Njira yotumizira idakhazikitsidwa, yomwe idapangidwa mu 1946 molumikizana ndi MVTU im. Bauman. M'kati mwagalimotoyo munali mawilo asanu ndi awiri a m'mimba mwake akulu mbali iliyonse ndipo analibe zodzigudubuza zothandizira. Zodzigudubuza zinali zapawiri, zokhala ndi zopindikira mkati. Kupititsa patsogolo kusalala kwa kukwerako, ma hydraulic shock absorbers amawiri-acting awiri, pisitoni yomwe inali mkati mwa balancer yoyimitsidwa. Zosokoneza mantha zidapangidwa ndi gulu la akatswiri otsogozedwa ndi L. 3. Schenker. Mbozi ya 710 mm m'lifupi inali ndi tinjira tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi hinji yachitsulo cha rabara. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kunapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kuonjezera kukhazikika komanso kuchepetsa phokoso loyendetsa galimoto, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo zinali zovuta kupanga.
Dongosolo lozimitsa moto lopangidwa ndi M.G.Shelemin linali ndi masensa ndi zozimitsa moto zomwe zimayikidwa mu chipinda chotumizira injini, ndipo zidapangidwa kuti zizisinthidwa katatu pakayaka moto. M'chaka cha 1948, chomera cha Kirovsky chinapanga ma IS-7 anayi, omwe, pambuyo pa mayesero a fakitale, adasamutsidwa ku boma. The thanki anachititsa chidwi kwambiri mamembala a komiti kusankha: ndi unyinji wa matani 68 galimoto mosavuta anafika pa liwiro la 60 Km / h, ndi luso kwambiri kuwoloka dziko. Chitetezo chake cha zida panthawiyo chinali chosatheka. Ndikokwanira kunena kuti thanki ya IS-7 inalimbana ndi zipolopolo osati ku 128 mm German cannon, komanso mfuti yake ya 130 mm. Komabe, kuyesedwako sikunali kopanda ngozi. Chifukwa chake, pa imodzi mwa zipolopolo zomwe zimawombera, projectileyo, ikuyandama pambali yopindika, idagunda chipika choyimitsidwa, ndipo, mwachiwonekere, chowotcherera chofooka, chinadumphira pansi pamodzi ndi chogudubuza. Panthawi yoyendetsa galimoto ina, injini, yomwe inali itagwira kale ntchito yotsimikizira panthawi ya mayesero, inayaka moto. Dongosolo lozimitsa moto linapereka zing'onozing'ono ziwiri kuti zidziwitse motowo, koma sizinathe kuzimitsa motowo. Ogwira ntchitoyo anasiya galimotoyo ndipo inapseratu. Koma, ngakhale kutsutsa angapo, mu 1949 asilikali anapereka Kirov Bzalani lamulo kupanga gulu la akasinja 50. Lamuloli silinakwaniritsidwe pazifukwa zosadziwika. Main Armored Directorate idadzudzula chomeracho, chomwe, m'malingaliro mwake, mwa njira iliyonse chinachedwetsa kupanga zida ndi zida zofunikira pakupangira anthu ambiri. Ogwira ntchito m’fakitale anatchula ankhondo, amene “anathyola mpaka kufa” galimotoyo, akumafuna kuchepetsa kulemera kwake kufika matani 50. Chinthu chimodzi chokha chodziŵika motsimikizirika, palibe galimoto iliyonse mwa 50 yolamulidwa imene inachoka m’ma workshop a fakitale. Mawonekedwe a tank yolemera IS-7
Kwa thanki yatsopano, Kirov Plant idapanga njira yonyamulira yofanana ndi kukhazikitsa m'madzi, yomwe inali ndi galimoto yamagetsi ndi miyeso yaying'ono, yomwe, pamodzi ndi zotsatira za kuyesa turret ndi zipolopolo ndi ndemanga za GABTU Commission, zinapangitsa kuti zitheke. pangani turret yomveka bwino ponena za kukana kwa projectile. Ogwira ntchitoyo anali anthu asanu, anayi mwa iwo anali mu nsanja. Mkulu wa asilikali anali kumanja kwa mfutiyo, woponya mfuti kumanzere ndi onyamula awiri kumbuyo. Onyamula katundu ankalamulira mfuti zamakina zomwe zinali kumbuyo kwa nsanja, pazitsulo zotetezera ndi mfuti zazikulu zamakina pamfuti yotsutsana ndi ndege. Monga chopangira magetsi pamtundu watsopano wa IS-7, injini ya dizilo yam'madzi ya 12-cylinder M-50T yokhala ndi malita 1050 idagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndi. pa 1850 rpm. Iye analibe wofanana mu dziko mwa mawu okwana zizindikiro zazikulu za nkhondo. Ndi kulemera kwankhondo kofanana ndi kwa Germany "King Tiger", IS-7 inali yopambana kwambiri kuposa iyi tanki yamphamvu kwambiri komanso yolemetsa kwambiri ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, yomwe idapangidwa zaka ziwiri m'mbuyomo, pokhudzana ndi chitetezo cha zida ndi zida. zida. Zimakhalabe chisoni kuti kupanga galimoto yapaderayi yankhondo sichinatumizidwe konse. Zotsatira:
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Kumapeto kwa 1944, ofesi yokonza mapulani a Experimental Plant No. 100 inayamba kujambula thanki yatsopano yolemetsa. Zinkaganiziridwa kuti makinawa adzaphatikiza zonse zomwe zapezeka pakupanga, kugwira ntchito ndi kumenyana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito akasinja olemera pa nthawi ya nkhondo. Osapeza thandizo kuchokera kwa People's Commissar of the Tank Industry V.A.Malyshev, wotsogolera komanso wopanga wamkulu wa chomeracho, Zh. Ya. Kotin, adatembenukira kwa mkulu wa NKVD L.P. Beria kuti awathandize.
Padenga la nsanja pa ndodo yapadera, mfuti yachiwiri yayikulu-yamphamvu idayikidwa, yokhala ndi chowongolera chamagetsi chakutali choyesedwa pa thanki yoyamba yoyesera, yomwe idapangitsa kuti ziwotche pazifukwa zonse zamlengalenga ndi pansi. osasiya thanki. Pofuna kuonjezera moto, okonza chomera cha Kirov mwakufuna kwawo adapanga mtundu wa katatu (1x14,5-mm ndi 2x7,62-mm) odana ndi ndege.
