Ndizovuta ndi mphamvu yokoka, koma zoipitsitsa popanda izo
Kuwona kangapo m'mafilimu, "kuyatsa" mphamvu yokoka pa chombo choyenda mumlengalenga kumawoneka kozizira kwambiri. Kupatula kuti omwe adawalenga pafupifupi samafotokoza momwe zimachitikira. Nthawi zina, monga mu 2001: A Space Odyssey (1) kapena Apaulendo atsopano, sitimayo imawonetsedwa kuti imayenera kuzunguliridwa kuti ifanane ndi mphamvu yokoka.
Munthu atha kufunsa modzudzula - chifukwa chiyani mphamvu yokoka imafunikira m'chombo? Kupatula apo, kumakhala kosavuta popanda mphamvu yokoka wamba, anthu amatopa pang'ono, zonyamula sizilemera chilichonse, ndipo ntchito zambiri zimafuna mphamvu zochepa.
Komabe, zikuwoneka kuti kuyesayesa kumeneku, kogwirizana ndi kugonjetsa kosalekeza kwa mphamvu yokoka, ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa ife ndi thupi lathu. Palibe mphamvu yokokaAkatswiri a zakuthambo akhala akutsimikiziridwa kuti amataya mafupa ndi minofu. Oyenda mumlengalenga pamasewera a ISS, amalimbana ndi kufooka kwa minofu ndi kutayika kwa mafupa, komabe amataya mafupa mumlengalenga. Ayenera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa maola awiri kapena atatu patsiku kuti asunge minofu ndi thanzi la mtima. Komanso, osati zinthu izi zokha, zogwirizana mwachindunji ndi katundu pa thupi, zimakhudzidwa ndi kusowa kwa mphamvu yokoka. Pali mavuto ndi kusunga bwino, thupi alibe madzi. Ndipo ichi ndi chiyambi chabe cha mavuto.
Zikuoneka kuti nayenso akuchepa mphamvu. Maselo ena a chitetezo cha mthupi sangathe kugwira ntchito yawo ndipo maselo ofiira a magazi amafa. Zimayambitsa miyala ya impso ndikufooketsa mtima. Gulu la asayansi ochokera ku Russia ndi Canada linapenda zotsatira za zaka zaposachedwapa microgravity pa kapangidwe ka mapuloteni m'magazi a anthu khumi ndi asanu ndi atatu aku Russia omwe amakhala pa International Space Station kwa theka la chaka. Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti pakuchepetsa thupi, chitetezo chamthupi chimachita chimodzimodzi ndi momwe thupi limakhudzidwira, chifukwa thupi la munthu silidziwa choti lichite ndipo limayesa kuyambitsa machitidwe onse oteteza.
Mwayi mu mphamvu ya centrifugal
Kotero ife tikudziwa kale bwino izo palibe mphamvu yokoka izi sizabwino, ngakhale zowopsa ku thanzi. Ndipo tsopano chiyani? Osati opanga mafilimu okha, komanso ofufuza amawona mwayi mphamvu ya centrifugal. Kukhala wachifundo inertia mphamvu, imatsanzira kachitidwe ka mphamvu yokoka, imagwira bwino ntchito moyang'anizana ndi pakati pa chimango cha inertia.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwafufuzidwa kwa zaka zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ku Massachusetts Institute of Technology, katswiri wakale wa zakuthambo Lawrence Young adayesa centrifuge, zomwe zimakumbukira masomphenya a kanema wa 2001: A Space Odyssey. Anthu amagona cham'mbali pa nsanja, akukankhira dongosolo lozungulira lomwe limazungulira.
Popeza tikudziwa kuti mphamvu ya centrifugal imatha kusintha pang'ono mphamvu yokoka, bwanji osapanga zombo mozungulira motere? Chabwino, zikuwoneka kuti si zonse zomwe ziri zophweka, chifukwa, choyamba, zombo zoterezi ziyenera kukhala zazikulu kwambiri kuposa zomwe tikumanga, ndipo kilogalamu iliyonse yowonjezera ya misala yomwe imatengedwa kupita kumlengalenga imawononga ndalama zambiri.
Taganizirani, mwachitsanzo, International Space Station ngati benchmark poyerekezera ndi kuwunika. Ndi kukula kwake ngati bwalo la mpira, koma malo okhala ndi kachigawo kakang’ono chabe ka kukula kwake.
Yezerani mphamvu yokoka Pankhaniyi, mphamvu ya centrifugal imatha kuyandikira m'njira ziwiri. Kapena chinthu chilichonse chimazungulira padera, chomwe chingapange machitidwe ang'onoang'ono, koma, monga akatswiri amanenera, izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa chosasangalatsa nthawi zonse kwa oyenda mumlengalenga, omwe angathe, mwachitsanzo, mumamva mphamvu yokoka yosiyana m'miyendo yanu kusiyana ndi thupi lanu lakumtunda. Mu mtundu wokulirapo, ISS yonse imazungulira, yomwe, imayenera kukonzedwa mosiyana, ngati mphete (2). Pakali pano, kumanga nyumba yoteroyo kungatanthauze ndalama zambiri ndipo kumawoneka ngati zosatheka.
2. Masomphenya a mphete ya orbital yopereka mphamvu yokoka yokoka
Komabe, palinso malingaliro ena. mwachitsanzo, gulu la asayansi pa yunivesite ya Colorado ku Boulder likugwira ntchito yothetsera vuto ndi chikhumbo chochepa. M'malo moyesa "kukonzanso mphamvu yokoka," asayansi akungoyang'ana kwambiri kuthana ndi mavuto azaumoyo okhudzana ndi kusowa kwa mphamvu yokoka m'mlengalenga.
Monga momwe ofufuza a Boulder adapangira, akatswiri a zakuthambo amatha kukwawira m'zipinda zapadera kwa maola angapo patsiku kuti apeze mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa mphamvu yokoka, yomwe iyenera kuthetsa mavuto a thanzi. Maphunzirowa amaikidwa pazitsulo zachitsulo zofanana ndi trolley yachipatala (3). Izi zimatchedwa centrifuge yomwe imazungulira pa liwiro losafanana. Mayendedwe aang'ono opangidwa ndi centrifuge amakankhira miyendo ya munthuyo kumunsi kwa nsanja, ngati kuti yaima pansi pa kulemera kwake.
3. Chipangizo choyesedwa ku yunivesite ya Boulder.
Tsoka ilo, masewera olimbitsa thupi amtunduwu amalumikizidwa ndi nseru. Ofufuzawo adayamba kufufuza ngati nseru ndi mtengo wachilengedwe womwe umakhudzana nawo. mphamvu yokoka yochita kupanga. Kodi oyenda mumlengalenga angaphunzitse matupi awo kukhala okonzekera mphamvu zowonjezera za G? Kumapeto kwa gawo lakhumi la odzipereka, maphunziro onse anali akuzungulira pa liwiro la pafupifupi khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri zosinthika pamphindi popanda zotsatira zosasangalatsa, nseru, ndi zina zotero. Ichi ndi kupambana kwakukulu.
Pali malingaliro ena a mphamvu yokoka m'chombo. Izi zikuphatikizapo, mwachitsanzo, Canadian Type System Design (LBNP), yomwe imapanga ballast kuzungulira m'chiuno mwa munthu, kupanga kumverera kwa kulemera m'munsi mwa thupi. Koma kodi n'kokwanira kuti munthu apewe zotsatira za kuthawa kwa mlengalenga, zomwe zimakhala zosasangalatsa kwa thanzi? Tsoka ilo, izi sizolondola.
