Geometry turbocharger yokhazikika komanso yosinthika - pali kusiyana kotani?

Nthawi zambiri pofotokoza injini, mawu akuti "variable turbocharger geometry" amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kodi zimasiyana bwanji ndi nthawi zonse ndipo ubwino ndi kuipa kwake ndi chiyani?

Turbocharger ndi chipangizo chomwe chakhala chikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu injini za dizilo kuyambira zaka za m'ma 80, ndikuwonjezera torque ndi mphamvu komanso kukhudza kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta. Zinali chifukwa cha turbocharger kuti ma dizilo sanawonekerenso ngati makina onyansa ogwirira ntchito. Mu injini za petulo, anayamba kukhala ndi ntchito yomweyi ndipo amawonekera kawirikawiri m'zaka za m'ma 90, patapita nthawi adadziwika bwino, ndipo pambuyo pa 2010 adakhala ofala kwambiri mu injini za mafuta monga momwe zinalili m'ma 80 ndi 90. mu dizilo.

Kodi turbocharger imagwira ntchito bwanji?

Turbocharger imakhala ndi turbine ndi kompresa wokwera pa mtengo wamba ndipo m'nyumba imodzi yogawanika mbali ziwiri pafupifupi ziwiri. Mphepete mwa turbine imayendetsedwa ndi mpweya wotulutsa mpweya wochokera kumalo otsekemera, ndipo kompresa, yomwe imazungulira pa rotor yomweyi ndi turbine ndipo imayendetsedwa ndi iyo, imapanga kuthamanga kwa mpweya, zomwe zimatchedwa. kubwezeretsanso. Kenako imalowa m'zipinda zodyeramo komanso zipinda zoyaka moto. Kukwera kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya (kuthamanga kwa injini), kumapangitsanso kuthamanga kwa mpweya.  

Vuto lalikulu ndi turbocharger lagona ndendende mu mfundo iyi, chifukwa popanda kukwera koyenera kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya, sipadzakhala kukakamiza koyenera kukakamiza mpweya kulowa mu injini. Supercharging imafuna kuchuluka kwa mpweya wotopa kuchokera ku injini pa liwiro linalake - popanda kutulutsa koyenera, palibe mphamvu yokwanira, motero ma injini okwera kwambiri pama rpm otsika amakhala ofooka kwambiri.

Kuti muchepetse chodabwitsa ichi, turbocharger yokhala ndi miyeso yoyenera ya injini yomwe wapatsidwa iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Zing'onozing'ono (zozungulira zing'onozing'ono) "zimazungulira" mofulumira chifukwa zimapanga kukoka kochepa (kuchepa kwa inertia), koma kumapereka mpweya wochepa, choncho sichidzapanga mphamvu zambiri, i.e. mphamvu. Kukula kwa turbine, kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri, koma kumafunika kutulutsa mpweya wowonjezera komanso nthawi yochulukirapo "kuzungulira". Nthawi imeneyi imatchedwa turbo lag kapena lag. Choncho, n'zomveka kugwiritsa ntchito turbocharger yaing'ono kwa injini yaing'ono (mpaka malita 2) ndi yaikulu kwa injini yaikulu. Komabe, akuluakulu akadali ndi vuto lachikumbutso, choncho Ma injini akulu nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma bi-turbo ndi ma twin-turbo system.

Mafuta ndi jekeseni mwachindunji - chifukwa turbo?

Geometry yosinthika - yankho la vuto la turbo lag

Njira yothandiza kwambiri yochepetsera turbo lag ndikugwiritsa ntchito makina osinthika a geometry. Mavane osunthika, otchedwa vanes, amasintha momwe alili (ang'ono ya kupendekera) ndipo potero amapereka mawonekedwe osinthika kukuyenda kwa mpweya wotuluka womwe umagunda masamba osasinthika a turbine. Malingana ndi kupanikizika kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya, masambawo amaikidwa pamtunda waukulu kapena wocheperapo, womwe umafulumizitsa kuzungulira kwa rotor ngakhale kupanikizika kwa mpweya wotopa, komanso kuthamanga kwa mpweya wotopa kwambiri, turbocharger imagwira ntchito ngati yokhazikika popanda kusintha. geometry. Zowongolera zimayikidwa ndi pneumatic kapena electronic drive. Ma turbine geometry osinthika poyamba ankagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi mu injini za dizilo., koma tsopano akugwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri ndi mafuta a petulo.

Zotsatira za geometry yosinthika ndizochulukirapo kuthamanga kosalala kuchokera ku ma revs otsika komanso kusapezeka kwa mphindi yowoneka bwino ya "kutembenukira ku turbo". Monga lamulo, injini za dizilo zokhala ndi turbine geometry yokhazikika zimathamangira pafupifupi 2000 rpm mwachangu kwambiri. Ngati turbo ili ndi geometry yosinthika, imatha kuthamanga bwino komanso momveka bwino kuchokera pa 1700-1800 rpm.

Ma geometry osinthika a turbocharger akuwoneka kuti ali ndi ma pluses, koma izi sizili choncho nthawi zonse. Koposa zonse moyo wautumiki wa ma turbine otere ndi otsika. Mpweya wa carbon madipoziti pa mawilo chiwongolero akhoza kutsekereza iwo kuti injini m'mwamba kapena otsika osiyanasiyana alibe mphamvu. Choyipa chachikulu, ma turbocharger osinthika a geometry ndi ovuta kukonzanso, omwe ndi okwera mtengo. Nthawi zina kubadwanso kwathunthu sikungatheke.