Turbo kwa aliyense?

Kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito agalimoto iliyonse? Mwina. Ingoyikani turbocharger.

Makina amakono a dizilo ambiri amakhala ndi turbocharger. Izi ndi zotsatira za pafupifupi zabwino zomwezo zikagwiritsidwa ntchito mu injini zoyaka moto - kuphweka kwa mapangidwe, zotsatira mwa mawonekedwe a ntchito ndi kuwongolera mosavuta. Ma Turbocharger amapezekanso m'magalimoto oyaka moto, makamaka omwe amapangidwira mipikisano yamitundu yonse komanso kuthamanga. Palinso chidwi chokulirapo pakati pa opanga ma serial a injini zamafuta, chifukwa samangowonjezera mphamvu ya injini, komanso amathandizira kupititsa patsogolo chiyero cha mpweya wotulutsa mpweya. Choncho, n'zotheka kuti posachedwa zipangizozi zidzayikidwa pa magalimoto ambiri, makamaka chifukwa cha kukhwimitsa kwa miyezo ya chilengedwe.

Turbocharger ndi chipangizo chosavuta - chimakhala ndi zinthu ziwiri zazikulu - turbine yoyendetsedwa ndi mpweya wotulutsa injini, ndi turbine compressor yoyendetsedwa ndi turbine yoyikidwa pa shaft wamba. Chifukwa cha mphamvu zowonjezera za zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga, kukula kwa turbochargers kwachepetsedwa, kotero angagwiritsidwe ntchito pafupifupi galimoto iliyonse ndi zosintha zazing'ono. Vuto, komabe, ndikugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo choyenera pa injini inayake.

Popeza turbocharger imapangitsa kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa mphamvu ya mphamvu yamagetsi (mpaka nthawi 6), zikhoza kukhala kuti injini yotereyi "yokonzedwa" siigwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, kapena idzawonongeka ndi kuphulika kapena "kuphulika" kwa makina. ” pazigawo zake (pistoni, bushings, ndodo yolumikizira). Choncho, kukhazikitsa "turbo" - osati kusonkhanitsa chipangizo lolingana, koma nthawi zambiri m'malo mwa zigawo zambiri injini, mwachitsanzo, camshaft. The turbine palokha mtengo kuchokera angapo mpaka zikwi zingapo zlotys. Mazloty enanso masauzande angapo adzagwiritsidwa ntchito potengera utsi wofanana; chipangizo chatsopano chowongolera injini chimawononga pafupifupi 2 zlotys. Kugwiritsa ntchito chotchedwa intercooler, i.e. Intercooler, yomwe imakulolani kuti muchepetse kutentha kwa mpweya wopanikizika ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya injini, imawononga zikwi zingapo. zloti

Ngakhale kuti turbocharger imatha kuyikidwa mu injini iliyonse, injini zina sizingakhale ndi izi. Magawo onse okhala ndi makina osalimba kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, mu Polonaise kapena Skoda yakale) komanso makina oziziritsa komanso opaka mafuta osagwira bwino ntchito amakhala osowa kwambiri m'derali.

Chenjerani ndi Obadwanso

Turbocharger kufika liwiro la 15 - 60 zikwi. rpm (masewera ngakhale mpaka 200 rpm). Choncho, mapangidwe awo ayenera kukhala olondola kwambiri, ndipo ntchito yawo imafuna kutsata malamulo oyenera omwe angateteze chipangizochi kuti chisawonongeke.

Izi zimachitika kuti makampani omwe amapereka ma turbocharger awa amawapeza pamagalimoto osweka. Zida zoterezi zimatsukidwa, kutsukidwa, nthawi zina zimakonzedwanso pogwiritsa ntchito zida zosayenera, ndikuziphatikizanso. Choyipa pankhaniyi ndi kusalinganika kwa magawo ozungulira. Kupatula apo, mawilo a magalimoto oyenda pang'onopang'ono (poyerekeza ndi turbine) amathamanga bwino, osanena chilichonse chozungulira chozungulira pa liwiro la kupitilira 500 pamphindikati. Ma turbocharger oterowo amatha kugulidwa kwa ma zloty mazana angapo, koma pali kuthekera kwakukulu kuti alephera mwachangu.

Choncho, aliyense remanufactured turbocharger ayenera kukhala satifiketi ndi khadi chitsimikizo. Kukonzanso kapena kukonzanso kwa turbocharger yotere kumatha kuchitidwa ndi malo ogwirira ntchito omwe ali ndi zida zoyenera ndipo makamaka ndi zaka zambiri, zomwe zimatsimikizira ntchito yabwino.

kudyera masuku pamutu

Chofunika kwambiri pakugwira ntchito moyenera kwa turbocharger ndi momwe injini imazimitsira galimotoyo itayima. Ngati kuyendetsa kunali kuthamanga kwambiri, dikirani masekondi angapo mpaka makumi angapo mpaka kuthamanga kwa turbocharger rotor kutsika, ndiyeno zimitsani kuyatsa. Kuwotcha kukazimitsidwa pa liwiro lapamwamba la turbocharger, pampu imasiya kupereka mafuta atsopano ku mayendedwe, ndipo mafuta otsalawo amakhalabe otentha mpaka kutentha kwambiri, kuphulika ndi kuwononga mayendedwe.

Zizindikiro za kulephera kwa turbocharger makamaka ndi kutsika kwa mphamvu ya injini ndi mawonekedwe a utsi wakuda kapena wabuluu kuchokera ku chitoliro chotulutsa mpweya. Mtundu wakuda umasonyeza kusakwanira kokwanira ndi kuyaka kwa mwaye, ndipo buluu limasonyeza kutayikira mu dongosolo mafuta. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kumawonekera pakuwonjezeka kwa phokoso ndi kugogoda. Pankhaniyi, nthawi yomweyo pitani ku msonkhano. Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo za izi. Zofala kwambiri ndi:

- zinthu zakunja zomwe zili mumlengalenga - izi zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa masamba ndipo motero kutayika kwa rotor, komwe kungayambitse kugwa kwa chipangizo chonsecho,

- kuipitsidwa kwamafuta - kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa ma bearings ndi shaft magazine, zomwe zimabweretsanso kusalinganika kwa zinthu zozungulira,

- mafuta osakwanira - amathandizira kuwonongeka kwa mayendedwe, kutayika kwamphamvu komanso kung'ambika kwa shaft chifukwa chakukangana kowonjezereka,

- matupi akunja mumipweya yotulutsa mpweya (mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha mavavu owongolera owonongeka, zotenthetsera) - zotsatira zofananira ndi zotsatira za matupi akunja mumlengalenga wotengera; kuwononga turbine rotor kuyendetsa kompresa,

- Kutentha kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya ndikokwera kwambiri - kumapangitsa kuti turbocharger ichuluke, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafuta aziphika, kuwonongeka kwa masamba a turbine ndi mayendedwe ake,

- Kuthamanga kwambiri kwa mpweya - kumayambitsa mphamvu ya axial yomwe imagwira ntchito pa turbine rotor, yomwe imathandizira kuvala pa turbocharger thrust bear ndi o-ringing.

Mitengo ya turbocharger yatsopano imachokera ku 2,5 mpaka 4 zikwi. zloti Chipangizo cha "Volkswagen Passat 1.8" chokhala ndi injini yamafuta chimawononga 2 zlotys, Skoda Octavia 400 L (dizilo) - 1.9 zloty, BMW 2 (dizilo) - 800 zlotys. Kuyika ndi okwera mtengo - pafupifupi kuchokera 530 mpaka 3 zikwi. zloty (mtengo umaphatikizapo kukonza makina otulutsa mpweya). Kukonzanso koyambira ndi zida zokonzera kumawononga 800 - 7 zlotys, mtengo wa turbocharger pambuyo pa kusinthika umachokera ku 10 mpaka 900 zlotys.