Toyota Carina E - magalimoto amenewa salinso opangidwa

Pali magalimoto omwe angakhululukire kusasamala pakugwira ntchito ndi kukonza eni ake. Zimakhudzidwa ndi ubwino wa kupanga kwawo, mwachitsanzo, ubwino wa zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, kulondola kwa msonkhano, ziyeneretso zoyenera za ogwira ntchito omwe ali ndi udindo pakupanga, kapena miyezo yoyendetsera ntchito. Toyota Carina E ndi imodzi mwamagalimoto amenewo, omwe amakhala olimba kwambiri komanso opangidwa mwaluso kwambiri.Kugula chitsanzo chosamalidwa bwino kuchokera kwa anthu odalirika kuyenera kuteteza mwiniwake watsopano ku ndalama zosayembekezereka.

Zogulitsa za opanga ku Japan zakhala ndi mbiri yabwino kwa zaka zambiri. Pafupifupi mitundu yonse imatengedwa kuti ndi yolimba, yodalirika komanso yopanda mavuto pakugwira ntchito. Komabe, Toyota Carina E, poyerekeza ndi zochitika zina za nkhawa Japanese, amasiyanitsidwa ndi ... lodziwika durability ndi kudalirika.

M'badwo woperekedwawo unayamba mu 1992. Adalowa m'malo mwa m'badwo wopangidwa kuyambira 1987 popereka wopanga waku Japan. Mu 1993, injini za Lean Burn zidawonekera muzopereka - zosakaniza zowonda (zomwe takambirana pansipa). Mu 1996, chitsanzocho chinasinthidwa mochenjera. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuyimitsidwa kwapangidwe kunamalizidwa, mawonekedwe a radiator grille anasinthidwa, ndi zina zowonjezera structural reinforcements.

Latsopano chitsanzo anakumana ndi ntchito yovuta, anayenera kupikisana mu msika European ndi zitsanzo zokongola monga VW Passat kapena Opel Vectra. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, magalimoto otchulidwa a opanga ku Ulaya sanalemedwe ndi ntchito yapamwamba kwambiri, yomwe inachititsa kuti kukongola kwa galimoto yosangalatsa kuchokera ku Land of the Rising Sun kuphwanyidwe kwambiri ndi mtengo wokwera kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, wopanga waku Japan adaganiza zosamukira ku Europe.

Mu 1993, chomera cha Toyota cha ku Britain chinatsegulidwa ku Burnaston ndi Deeside. Carina woyamba, wolembedwa ndi E ku Europe, adatuluka pamzere wa msonkhano mu theka lachiwiri la chaka. Kusamutsira zopanga ku Ulaya kunakhala kopanda phindu. Mtengo wake unakhala wokongola kwambiri moti galimotoyo inakhala yotchuka kwambiri ndipo imakhoza kupikisana ndi zitsanzo za ku Ulaya. Makamaka pamsika waku UK, komwe kuli zotsatsa zambiri za Carina E.

Zodetsa nkhawa zokhudzana ndi kusamutsa magalimoto kuchokera ku Japan kupita ku Europe zidakhala zopanda pake. Maudindo a Carina E pamayeso odalirika amatsimikizira kuti wopanga waku Japan atha kugwiritsa ntchito ndikukhazikitsa miyezo yapamwamba yaku Japan pakupanga magalimoto komanso kumayiko aku Europe.

Poyambirira, Carina E idaperekedwa m'mawonekedwe awiri a thupi, monga limousine yazitseko zinayi komanso chothandizira chazitseko zisanu. Kumayambiriro kwa 1993, mtundu wa station wagon unawonjezeredwa kumitundu yomwe idaperekedwa, yotchedwa Sportswagon ndi wopanga waku Japan. Mitundu itatu yonseyi imadziwika ndi "mapindika ambiri", chifukwa chake zinali zotheka kupeza mpweya wocheperako Cx = 0,30. Panthawiyo, ichi chinali chotsatira chosiririka. Komabe, kuzungulira uku kumatanthauza kuti galimotoyo sinadziwike bwino ndi omwe akupikisana nawo. Ambiri ankawona kuti silhouette ... yopanda mtundu komanso yosasamala.

Masiku ano, mzere wa thupi la Carina E umawoneka wamakono ngati batani la washer pa Fiat 126P. Chifukwa cha ma curve ambiri, galimotoyo ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi mapangidwe amakono. Mzere umene galimotoyo imakokedwa imachokera kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 90 ndipo, mwatsoka, palibe njira yobisalira. Komabe, pali ena omwe amatsutsa kuti mapangidwe opanda mtundu a galimoto ndi opindulitsa kwambiri kuposa zovuta, chifukwa galimotoyo imakalamba pang'onopang'ono. Ndikuganiza kuti pali chinachake mu izi.

Mutha kumva bwino mukuyendetsa galimoto. Mipandoyo ndi yabwino, ngakhale kuti ilibe mbiri yabwino. Akamakona mwamphamvu, samatsimikizira chithandizo choyenera chakumbali. Kusiyanasiyana kwa kusintha kwa mpando ndikokwanira. Kuphatikiza apo, mpando wa dalaivala umasinthika m'dera la lumbar. Chifukwa cha izi, ngakhale ulendo wautali suli wotopetsa.

Chiwongolerocho chimatha kusintha kokha mu ndege yowongoka. Komabe, kusintha kwakukulu kokwanira kwa mipando kumakupatsani mwayi wosankha malo abwino kumbuyo kwa gudumu. Kanyumba ka galimotoyo ndi kachikale ndipo ikuyimira sukulu yojambula ku Japan. Ndiye…. kusowa kwa mapangidwe. Dashboard ndi yosavuta komanso yosavuta kuwerenga. Sizikanapweteka pang'ono kulingalira ndi panache, khalidwe la magalimoto French. Zizindikiro zonse ndi mabatani ndi pomwe ziyenera kukhala. Kuyendetsa ndikosavuta komanso kopanda zovuta. Chingwe cha gear ndi chachifupi ndipo chimakwanira bwino m'manja. Magiya, ngakhale amagwira ntchito bwino, amakhala ndi sitiroko yayitali kwambiri. Izi zimawonekera makamaka pakuthamanga kwamphamvu, pamene kusuntha magiya kumatenga nthawi yayitali.

M'gulu la katundu, Carina E adzakhutiritsa ngakhale osakhutira kwambiri. Thunthu, kutengera mtundu, limagwira kuchokera malita 470 (liftback) mpaka 545 malita (sedan). Ndizowona kuti magudumu akulowera ndipo boot si cuboid yabwino, koma ndi chipinda chochulukacho, chikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino. Kukula kwake kumatsimikizira phukusi la tchuthi losasamala komanso losasamala kwa banja la ana anayi kapena asanu. Ndizotheka pindani sofa yogawanika mopanda malire ndikuwonjezera malo onyamula katundu kupitilira 1 dm200. Chifukwa chosalala pansi ndi mwayi womwe umapangitsa kulongedza zinthu zazitali komanso zolemetsa kulibe vuto. Choyipa chake ndi gawo lalikulu lonyamula katundu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ponyamula zinthu zolemetsa, ziyenera kukwezedwa mpaka kutalika.

Galimotoyo silowerera ndale. Inde, m'makona othamanga akuwonetsa chizolowezi chocheperako chakutsogolo kwa ngodya, koma izi ndizofala ndi magalimoto onse akutsogolo. Kuphatikiza apo, imatha kuchita mosayembekezereka (kuponya kumbuyo) ndikulekanitsa chakuthwa kwa gasi pamtunda wodutsa mwachangu. Komabe, izi zimachitika kokha pamene ngodya imatengedwa mofulumira kwambiri.

Pafupifupi magalimoto onse ali ndi ABS. Kutalika kwa braking kuchokera ku 100 km / h ndi pafupifupi 44 m, zomwe masiku ano sizotsatira zabwino.

Ponena za powertrains, wopanga Japanese wapereka njira zingapo, kuphatikizapo mayunitsi dizilo. Injini yoyambira yokhala ndi Carina E ili ndi voliyumu yogwira ntchito ya 1.6 dm3 ndi zosankha zingapo zamagetsi (malingana ndi tsiku lopanga ndi ukadaulo wogwiritsidwa ntchito): kuyambira 99 mpaka 115 hp.

Gulu lalikulu la zitsanzo zomwe zimaperekedwa pamsika wachiwiri zili ndi injini za 2.0 dm3. Komanso pankhani ya injini izi, pali kusiyana mphamvu linanena bungwe, kuyambira 126 mpaka 175 HP. Komabe, otchuka kwambiri ndi mitundu 133 ya akavalo.

Kugwirizana pakati pa mayunitsi 1.6 ndi 2.0 ndi injini ya 1.8 dm3, yomwe idatulutsidwa mu 1995.

Carina E ndi injini ili ndi mphamvu ya 107 hp. ndi torque pazipita 150 Nm. Injini imapangidwa molingana ndi njira ya 16-valve. Chigawo chofotokozedwacho ndi njira yosangalatsa kwa anthu omwe akufunafuna galimoto yothamanga, yothamanga komanso nthawi yomweyo yachuma. Mosiyana ndi 2.0 unit, imawotcha mafuta ochepa kwambiri, omwe akukhala okwera mtengo kwambiri. Komabe, poyerekeza ndi unit 1.6, ali maneuverability bwino ndi kuyerekeza mafuta.

Unit 1.8 ili ndi makona ake abwino. Mtengo wapamwamba umafika pamlingo wa 2,8 zikwi. rpm, yomwe ndi mtengo wabwino kwambiri kuganizira

16-vavu injini luso. Chifukwa cha ichi, galimoto Iyamba Iyamba efficiently kuchokera 2,5 zikwi rpm

1.8 imathamanga kuchoka pa 100 kufika pa 11 km/h patangodutsa masekondi 190 ndipo liwiro lake ndi la XNUMX km/h.

Mugawoli, lolembedwa ndi chizindikiro 7A-FE, wopanga waku Japan adagwiritsa ntchito njira yatsopano yotchedwa Lean Burn. Ubwino woyambira pakukhazikitsa ukadaulo uwu ndikugwiritsa ntchito mafuta osakanikirana ndi mpweya mu injini. M'mikhalidwe yabwino, chiŵerengero cha mlingo wa mpweya ndi mlingo wa mafuta mu masilindala ndi 14,7: 1. Komabe, mu teknoloji ya Lean Burn, chiwerengero cha mpweya mu osakaniza ndi chachikulu kuposa injini yachikhalidwe (chiŵerengero cha 22: 1). Izi zimabweretsa kupulumutsa kwakukulu pa dispenser.

Kuti mutengere mwayi paukadaulo wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Toyota, yang'anani chowongolera cha LED chomwe chili pakati pazizindikiro pa bolodi. Zimayatsa zobiriwira pamene injini ikuyenda mowonda. Komabe, pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse za injiniyo, kompyuta yolamulira imasintha chipangizocho kuti chizigwira ntchito bwino. Ndiye mphamvu ya galimoto kwambiri

kuchuluka - pamodzi ndi mafuta.

Komabe, ngakhale pagalimoto yamphamvu, mafuta ambiri amamwa pafupifupi malita 7,5 pa kilomita 100 iliyonse yoyenda. Popeza mphamvu, miyeso ndi kulemera kwa galimoto, ichi ndi mtengo wovomerezeka. Kuphatikiza apo, opikisana nawo mkalasi amawotcha kwambiri, monga Honda Accord kapena Ford Mondeo.

Vuto la injini zopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa Lean Burn ndi kulimba kwa kafukufuku wa lambda. Kusakaniza kwamafuta / mpweya kumatanthauza kuti gawoli likufunika kusinthidwa pafupipafupi. Ndipo mtengo si wotsika kwambiri. Komanso, n'zovuta kupeza m'malo abwino ndi oyenera, zomwe zimakakamiza mwini Carina E kugula gawo lapachiyambi pamtengo woposa 1 PLN. Ndi mtengo wagalimoto pamlingo wa 500 zikwi PLN, mtengowo ndiwokwera kwambiri.

Komabe, ichi ndiye chachikulu komanso drawback yekha injini. Zina zonse za chipangizocho zimayenera kutamandidwa. Zimapereka mphamvu zabwino, ndizochuma, ndipo sizimayambitsa mavuto pakugwira ntchito. Kwenikweni, kukonza injini kumabwera m'malo mwa madzi, zosefera, ndi malamba (makilomita 90 aliwonse). Injini yosamalidwa bwino imaphimba mtunda wopanda mavuto

400-500 Km.

Muzochitika ndi mtunda wa makilomita oposa 200 zikwi, onani momwe mafuta alili.

Pankhani ya Carina E, n'zovuta kulankhula za malfunction ambiri. Ubwino wa zinthu zagalimoto uli pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri ndipo, kwenikweni, momwe magwiridwe antchito amakhudzira kulimba kwazinthu zamunthu payekha.

Zofala kwambiri (zomwe sizikutanthauza nthawi zambiri!) Zowonongeka zolembedwa zimaphatikizapo kafukufuku wa lambda womwe tatchulawa mu injini za Lean Burn, nthawi zina kachipangizo ka ABS kamalephera, maloko ndi mazenera amphamvu amalephera, mababu a nyali amawotcha. Pali zovuta ndi makina oziziritsa (kutayikira), kusewera mu chiwongolero ndi kuvala pamapaipi a brake. Maulalo a Stabilizer ndi zinthu zoyimitsidwa zomwe zimafunikanso kusinthidwa pafupipafupi. Komabe, izi zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi misewu yaku Poland.

Chizindikiro chabwino cha khalidwe la galimoto ndi ogwiritsa ntchito. M'badwo wa Carina, wodziwika ndi chizindikiro cha E kuyambira 1992 mpaka 1998, umadziwika bwino kwambiri. Izi zikuwonetseredwa osati ndi ziwerengero zodalirika, komanso mitengo ya magalimoto ogwiritsidwa ntchito pamsika wachiwiri. Anthu omwe ali ndi Karina safuna kuti amuchotse. Iyi ndi galimoto yomwe simayambitsa mavuto ogwirira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti muiwale za nthawi yotsegulira zokambirana zapanyumba.

Imayamikiridwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito makamaka chifukwa chodalirika komanso kukula kwake. Thunthu lalikulu limapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kunyamula paulendo wanu. Economical 1.6 ndi 1.8 injini amakulolani kusangalala ndi ntchito yotchipa ndi kupereka ntchito zabwino. Option 2.0 imatsimikizira magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri, koma sikukhalanso yachuma.

Chithunzi. www.autotypes.com