galimoto yonyamula mafuta

Tanki yamafuta - chidebe chosungiramo mafuta amadzimadzi mwachindunji m'galimoto.

Mapangidwe a thanki yamafuta, malo ake ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi machitidwe ayenera kutsata ndondomeko zamakono, zofunikira za malamulo apamsewu, chitetezo cha moto, malamulo oteteza chilengedwe.

"Kuwongolera" kulikonse komwe mwiniwake amapangira tanki yamafuta kapena kusintha kwa malo ake kumawonedwa ndi Road Safety Inspectorate ngati "kusokoneza mosaloledwa ndi kapangidwe kagalimoto".

Features wa malo thanki m'galimoto

Pansi pa chitetezo chokhazikika, thanki yamafuta imakhala kunja kwa chipinda chokwera anthu, m'dera la thupi, lomwe silimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ngozi. M'magalimoto okhala ndi thupi la monocoque, ili ndi malo mkati mwa wheelbase, pansi pa mpando wakumbuyo. Ndi mawonekedwe a chimango, TB imayikidwa pamalo omwewo, pakati pa ma spars aatali.

Ma tanki amodzi kapena angapo amagalimoto amakhala kumbali yakunja ya chimango mu wheelbase wa ma axles oyamba ndi achiwiri. Izi zili choncho chifukwa chakuti njira zoyezera magalimoto, "mayeso owonongeka" pazokhudza mbali, sizimachitidwa.

Pamene mpweya wotulutsa mpweya umadutsa pafupi ndi TB, zishango za kutentha zimayikidwa.

Mitundu ya matanki amafuta ndi zida zopangira

Malamulo apadziko lonse ndi a Russia a zachilengedwe akukonzedwa mosalekeza ndipo zofunika zawo zikukhwimitsidwa.

Malinga ndi protocol ya Euro-II, yomwe ili yovomerezeka m'gawo la dziko lathu, thanki yamafuta iyenera kutsekedwa ndipo kutulutsa mpweya wamafuta m'chilengedwe sikuloledwa.

Pazifukwa zachitetezo, malamulo aukadaulo wowunikira magalimoto amaletsa kutayikira kwamafuta kuchokera ku akasinja ndi machitidwe amagetsi.

Matanki amafuta amapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu izi:

• Chitsulo - makamaka ntchito magalimoto. Magalimoto okwera okwera amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu.
• Ma aluminiyamu aloyi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono chifukwa chaukadaulo wowotcherera wovuta;
• Pulasitiki (high pressure polyethylene) ndi zinthu zotsika mtengo, zoyenera mitundu yonse yamafuta amadzimadzi.

Ma cylinders othamanga kwambiri omwe amagwira ntchito ngati malo osungira mafuta m'mainjini a gasi sanaganizidwe m'nkhaniyi.

Opanga onse akuyesetsa kuonjezera mafuta omwe ali pa bolodi. Izi zimawonjezera chitonthozo cha mwiniwake payekha ndipo ndizopindulitsa pazachuma pamayendedwe akutali a katundu.

Kwa magalimoto okwera, chizolowezi chosavomerezeka ndi 400 km pa malo amodzi odzaza mafuta. Kuwonjezeka kwina kwa mphamvu ya TB kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa kulemera kwa galimotoyo ndipo, motero, kulimbitsa kuyimitsidwa.

Miyeso ya TB imachepetsedwa ndi malire oyenera komanso zofunikira za okonza omwe akukonzekera mkati, thunthu ndi "mbiya" pansi pawo, pamene akuyesera kukhalabe ovomerezeka pansi.

Kwa magalimoto, kukula ndi kuchuluka kwa akasinja kumangokhala ndi mtengo wopangira makinawo ndi cholinga chake.

Tangoganizani thanki yagalimoto yotchuka yaku America Freightliner, yomwe imadutsa makontinenti ndikumwa mpaka malita 50 pa 100 km.

Musapitirire mphamvu mwadzina ya thanki ndikutsanulira mafuta "pansi pa pulagi".

Mapangidwe a matanki amafuta amakono

Pofuna kugwirizanitsa zigawo zikuluzikulu za kufalitsa, zida zothamanga, chimango chonyamula katundu, otsogolera otsogolera amapanga mitundu yambiri ndi zitsanzo pa nsanja imodzi.

Lingaliro la "pulatifomu imodzi" limafikira ku matanki amafuta.

Zotengera zachitsulo zimasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku magawo osindikizidwa olumikizidwa ndi kuwotcherera. M'mafakitale ena, zolumikizira zowotcherera zimaphimbidwanso ndi sealant.

Ma TB apulasitiki amapangidwa popanga kutentha.

Ma TB onse omaliza amayesedwa ndi wopanga mphamvu ndi kulimba.

Zigawo zikuluzikulu za thanki mafuta

Mosasamala kanthu za mawonekedwe a hull ndi mphamvu, TB ya injini ya jekeseni ya petulo ili ndi zigawo ndi zigawo zotsatirazi:

• The filler khosi ili pansi pa zoteteza ndi kukongoletsa hatch kumbuyo kwa sidewall (kumbuyo mapiko) thupi. Khosi limalumikizana ndi thanki ndi payipi yodzaza, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yosinthika kapena yokhazikika. Nembanemba yosinthika nthawi zina imayikidwa kumtunda kwa payipi, "kukumbatira" mbiya ya nozzle yodzaza. Nembanemba imalepheretsa fumbi ndi mvula kulowa mu thanki.

Chotsekera pa thupi ndi chosavuta kutsegula, chikhoza kukhala ndi makina otsekera omwe amayendetsedwa kuchokera pampando wa dalaivala.

Khosi la tanki yamafuta limayikidwa mwachindunji pa tanki yamafuta ndipo ilibe payipi yodzaza.

• Chipewa chodzaza, pulagi yapulasitiki yokhala ndi ulusi wakunja kapena wamkati, wokhala ndi mphete za O kapena ma gaskets.
• Dzenje, malo opumira m'munsi mwa thupi la TB potolera matope ndi zowononga.
• Kudya kwamafuta okhala ndi ma mesh opangidwa mkati (pagalimoto zama carburetor ndi dizilo), yomwe ili pamwamba pa dzenje, pansi pamlingo wa pansi pa thanki yamafuta.
• Kutsegula kutsegulira ndi chivundikiro chosindikizidwa kuti muyike gawo lamafuta a injini za jakisoni, sensor yoyandama yamafuta amafuta a carburetor ndi dizilo. Pachivundikiro chotsegulira chotsegulira pali osindikizidwa kudzera m'mapaipi kuti adutse mzere woperekera mafuta ndi mawaya olumikizira gawo lamafuta kapena sensa yoyandama.
• Bowo lokhala ndi chivundikiro chosindikizidwa ndi chitoliro cha nthambi kuti mudutse payipi yobwerera mafuta ("kubwerera").
• Thirani pulagi pakati pa dzenje.
• Zopangira ulusi zolumikiza mzere wolowera mpweya wabwino ndi payipi ya adsorber.

Pamalo akunja a matanki amafuta a magalimoto a dizilo, ma thermoelements amagetsi amatha kuyikidwa kuti atenthe mafuta pa kutentha kochepa.

Kupanga ndi kugwira ntchito kwa mpweya wabwino komanso dongosolo lobwezeretsa mpweya.

Mitundu yonse yamafuta amadzimadzi imakonda kuphulika komanso kusintha kwa kutentha kwa voliyumu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyana pakati pa kuthamanga kwa mumlengalenga ndi kuthamanga kwa thanki.

Mu injini za carburetor ndi dizilo isanafike nthawi ya Euro-II, vutoli linathetsedwa ndi dzenje la "kupuma" mu kapu yodzaza.

Matanki a magalimoto okhala ndi injini ya jekeseni ("injector") ali ndi makina otseka mpweya wabwino omwe alibe kulumikizana kwachindunji ndi mlengalenga.

Mpweya wa mpweya, pamene kuthamanga kwa thanki kumachepa, kumayendetsedwa ndi valve yolowera, yomwe imatsegulidwa ndi kupanikizika kwa mpweya wakunja, ndikutseka pambuyo pofanana ndi zovuta mkati ndi kunja.

Nthunzi yamafuta yomwe imapangidwa mu thanki imayamwa ndi mipope yolowera kudzera munjira yolowera mpweya pamene injini ikuyenda ndikuwotchedwa mu masilinda.

Injini ikazimitsidwa, mpweya wa petulo umatengedwa ndi cholekanitsa, chomwe chimatuluka kuchokera mu tanki, ndipo chimatengedwa ndi adsorber.

Separator-adsorber system ndi yovuta kwambiri, tidzakambirana m'nkhani ina.

Tanki yamafuta imafuna kukonzedwa, komwe kumaphatikizapo kuyang'ana kulimba kwa machitidwe ake ndikuyeretsa thanki kuti isaipitsidwe. M'zotengera zachitsulo, zinthu za dzimbiri ndi dzimbiri zitha kuwonjezeredwa kumvula kuchokera ku petulo kapena mafuta a dizilo.

Ndikoyenera kuyeretsa ndi kutsuka thanki nthawi zonse potsegula potsegula potsegula pulagi ya drain.

Akatswiri samalangiza kugwiritsa ntchito "njira zoyeretsera mafuta" osiyanasiyana popanda kutsegula thanki yamafuta, madipoziti otsukidwa kuchokera pansi ndi makoma kudzera mumafuta amapita muzosefera ndi zida zamafuta.