Makina amafuta amafuta amafuta ndi dizilo

Dongosolo lamagetsi limapereka ntchito yayikulu yopangira magetsi - kutumiza mphamvu kuchokera ku tanki yamafuta kupita ku injini yoyaka moto yamkati (ICE) yomwe imatembenuza kukhala makina oyenda. Ndikofunikira kukulitsa njira yoti injiniyo nthawi zonse imalandira mafuta amafuta kapena dizilo mulingo woyenera, mopitilira apo, m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Ndipo ngati n'kotheka, sungani magawo anu kwa nthawi yayitali popanda kutaya kulondola kwa ntchitoyo.

Cholinga ndi ntchito ya dongosolo mafuta

Pakukulitsidwa, ntchito za dongosololi zimagawidwa mumayendedwe ndi dosing. Zida zoyamba zikuphatikizapo:

• thanki yamafuta pomwe mafuta amafuta kapena dizilo amasungidwa;
• mapampu owonjezera okhala ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana;
• makina osefera oyeretsera mwamphamvu komanso abwino, okhala ndi akasinja okhazikika kapena opanda;
• mizere yamafuta kuchokera ku mapaipi osinthika komanso olimba ndi mapaipi okhala ndi zolumikizira zoyenera;
• zipangizo zowonjezera mpweya wabwino, kuchira nthunzi ndi chitetezo pakakhala ngozi.

Kuyeza kuchuluka kwamafuta ofunikira kumachitidwa ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana ovuta, awa akuphatikizapo:

• carburetors mu injini zachikale;
• mayunitsi olamulira injini ndi dongosolo la masensa ndi actuators;
• jekeseni mafuta;
• mapampu kuthamanga kwambiri ndi ntchito dosing;
• makina ndi ma hydraulic control.

Mafuta amafuta amagwirizana kwambiri ndi kupereka injini ndi mpweya, komabe awa ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana, kotero kuti kugwirizana pakati pawo kumangochitika kupyolera mwa olamulira amagetsi ndi mayamwidwe ambiri.

Bungwe la kotunga mafuta

Machitidwe awiri ndi osiyana kwambiri omwe ali ndi udindo wokonza bwino ntchito yosakaniza - carburetor, kumene mlingo wa mafuta a petulo umatsimikiziridwa ndi kuthamanga kwa mpweya womwe umalowetsedwa ndi pisitoni, ndi jekeseni pansi pa kukakamizidwa, kumene dongosolo limayang'anitsitsa. kayendedwe ka mpweya ndi njira za injini, kutengera mafuta paokha.

Carburetor

Kuperekedwa kwa petulo mothandizidwa ndi carburetor kwatha kale, chifukwa ndizosatheka kutsata miyezo yachilengedwe ndi izo. Ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito makina amagetsi kapena vacuum mu carburetors sikunathandize. Tsopano zida izi sizikugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mfundo yogwira ntchito ya carburetor inali kudutsa ma diffuser ake mtsinje wa mpweya womwe umalunjikitsidwa ku manifold ambiri. Kuchepetsa kwapadera kwa ma diffuser kunapangitsa kuchepa kwa kuthamanga kwa ndege ya mpweya poyerekeza ndi kuthamanga kwa mumlengalenga. Chifukwa cha kutsika kwake, petulo adaperekedwa kuchokera ku sprayers. Kuchuluka kwake kunali kochepa popanga emulsion yamafuta mu kapangidwe kamene kamatsimikiziridwa ndi kuphatikiza kwamafuta ndi ma jets amlengalenga.

Ma carburetors ankalamulidwa ndi kusintha kwakung'ono kwa kupanikizika malingana ndi kuchuluka kwa kayendedwe kake, kokha mlingo wa mafuta mu chipinda choyandama unali wokhazikika, womwe unasungidwa ndi kupopera ndi kutseka valavu yotsekera. Panali machitidwe ambiri mu carburetors, iliyonse yomwe inali ndi udindo wa injini yake, kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka ku mphamvu zovoteledwa. Zonsezi zinagwira ntchito, koma mtundu wa dosing unakhala wosasangalatsa. Zinali zosatheka kusintha kusakaniza, zomwe zinali zofunika kwa otembenuza mpweya wotulutsa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya.

Mafuta jekeseni

Jakisoni wothamanga wokhazikika ali ndi zabwino zake. Zimapangidwa ndi pampu yamagetsi yomwe imayikidwa mu thanki yokhala ndi chowongolera chophatikizika kapena chakutali ndipo imasungidwa ndi kulondola kofunikira. Mtengo wake ndi wa dongosolo la ma atmospheres angapo.

Mafuta a petulo amaperekedwa ku injini ndi ma jekeseni, omwe ndi mavavu a solenoid okhala ndi ma atomizer. Amatsegula akalandira chizindikiro kuchokera ku electronic engine control system (ECM), ndipo pakatha nthawi yowerengeka amatseka, kutulutsa mafuta ochuluka monga momwe amafunikira pa injini imodzi.

Poyamba, nozzle imodzi idagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe ili m'malo mwa carburetor. Dongosolo lotereli limatchedwa jekeseni wapakati kapena umodzi. Sizolakwika zonse zomwe zachotsedwa, kotero zomanga zamakono zimakhala ndi nozzles zosiyana pa silinda iliyonse.

Majekeseni ogawidwa ndi olunjika (mwachindunji) amagawidwa molingana ndi malo a nozzles. Pachiyambi choyamba, majekeseni amapereka mafuta kumalo otsekemera, pafupi ndi valve. M'dera lino, kutentha kumawonjezeka. Njira yaying'ono yopita kuchipinda choyaka simalola kuti mafuta asungunuke, zomwe zinali zovuta ndi jekeseni imodzi. Kuonjezera apo, zinakhala zotheka kuti muyambe kuyenda, ndikutulutsa mafuta a petulo panthawi yomwe valve yolowera ya silinda inayake imatsegulidwa.

Njira yojambulira mwachindunji imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri. Pamene nozzles zili pamitu ndi mwachindunji anayambitsa mu kuyaka chipinda, n`zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono angapo jekeseni mu mkombero umodzi kapena awiri, layered poyatsira ndi zovuta kugwedezeka osakaniza. Izi zimawonjezera magwiridwe antchito, koma zimabweretsa zovuta zodalirika zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mtengo wokwera wa magawo ndi misonkhano. Makamaka, timafunikira pampu yothamanga kwambiri (pampu yamafuta othamanga kwambiri), ma nozzles apadera ndikuwonetsetsa kuti thirakiti lakumwa limatsukidwa ndi zonyansa ndi dongosolo lobwezeretsanso, chifukwa tsopano mafuta sakuperekedwa kuti adye.

Zida zamafuta zama injini a dizilo

Opaleshoni ndi psinjika poyatsira HFO ali enieni ake kugwirizana ndi zovuta zabwino atomization ndi mkulu psinjika dizilo. Chifukwa chake, zida zamafuta sizimafanana kwenikweni ndi injini zamafuta.

Pampu yojambulira padera ndi ma jekeseni a mayunitsi

Kuthamanga kwapamwamba komwe kumafunikira jekeseni wapamwamba kwambiri mu mpweya wotentha kwambiri wopangidwa ndi mapampu amphamvu kwambiri. Malinga ndi dongosolo lachikale, ma plungers ake, ndiye kuti, ma pistoni awiriawiri opangidwa ndi chilolezo chochepa, mafuta amaperekedwa ndi mpope wolimbikitsa pambuyo poyeretsa bwino. Ma plungers amayendetsedwa ndi injini kudzera pa camshaft. Pampu yomweyi imachitanso dosing potembenuza ma plungers kudzera pachibowo cholumikizidwa ndi chopondapo, ndipo mphindi ya jakisoni imatsimikiziridwa chifukwa cholumikizana ndi ma shafts ogawa gasi komanso kukhalapo kwa owongolera owonjezera.

Peyala iliyonse ya plunger imalumikizidwa ndi mzere wothamanga kwambiri wamafuta ku ma injectors, omwe ndi ma valve osavuta odzaza masika omwe amatsogolera kuzipinda zoyaka. Kuti muchepetse mapangidwewo, nthawi zina otchedwa pump-injection amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amaphatikiza ntchito zamapampu amafuta othamanga kwambiri ndi opopera chifukwa cha mphamvu yoyendetsera makamera a camshaft. Amakhala ndi ma plungers awo ndi ma valve.

Mtundu waukulu wa jakisoni wa Common Rail

Mfundo yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yolumikizidwa ndi mzere wamba wothamanga kwambiri yakhala yangwiro. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi electro-hydraulic kapena piezoelectric valve yomwe imatsegula ndi kutseka pa lamulo lamagetsi. Udindo wa mpope wa jekeseni umachepetsedwa kokha kuti ukhalebe ndi mphamvu yofunikira mu njanji, yomwe, ndi mfundo iyi, ikhoza kubweretsedwa ku 2000 atmospheres kapena kuposa. Izi zidapangitsa kuti zitheke kuwongolera bwino injini ndikuyiyika mumiyezo yatsopano yapoizoni.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mizere yobwezera mafuta

Kuphatikiza pa kuperekedwa kwachindunji kwamafuta kuchipinda cha injini, nthawi zina kukhetsa kobwerera kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito kudzera pamzere wobwereza wosiyana. Izi zili ndi zolinga zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira pakuthandizira kuwongolera kupanikizika pazigawo zosiyanasiyana m'dongosolo, kupita ku bungwe la kayendedwe ka mafuta kosalekeza. Posachedwapa, kubwereranso mu thanki sikumagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri, kawirikawiri kumangofunika kuthetsa mavuto am'deralo, mwachitsanzo, kulamulira ma hydraulics a jekeseni mwachindunji.