Mitundu ya zikwangwani zamsewu mu 2022 pazithunzi

National Highway Codes amalola kugwiritsa ntchito zikwangwani mazana angapo zapamsewu, zomwe zimasiyana malinga ndi cholinga, zofunikira, malo, mawonekedwe, ndi mitundu yogwiritsidwa ntchito. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza zizindikiro zamsewu ndi mafotokozedwe, omwe ali ndi magulu a 8, ophatikizidwa ndi magwiridwe antchito ndi mawonekedwe akunja.

 

 

Malamulo apamsewu pa zikwangwani zamsewu

Chizindikiro chamsewu ndi chithunzi chimodzi kapena zolembedwa panjira zaukadaulo zowonetsetsa kuti chitetezo chamsewu chili pamsewu wapagulu. Amayikidwa kuti adziwitse madalaivala ndi ena ogwiritsa ntchito misewu za kuyandikira kapena malo a chinthu chamsewu, kusintha kwa magalimoto, kapena kupereka zidziwitso zina zofunika.

Zolozera zadziko ndizokhazikika. Zofanana zawo zonse zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mayiko ena omwe asayina Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals. Kufotokozera kwa zizindikiro zonse zamsewu zaperekedwa mu Zowonjezera 1 ku Malamulo a Road of the Russian Federation.

Malamulo akukhazikitsa

Makulidwe onse azizindikiro zamsewu ndi malamulo oyika amayendetsedwa ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi GOST R 52289-2004 ndi GOST R 52290-2004. Kwa zizindikiro zatsopano zomwe zapangidwa m'zaka zaposachedwa, GOST R 58398-2019 yowonjezera yatengedwa.

Miyezo imatchula malo oyika zizindikiro. Ena a iwo anaika pasadakhale, ena - mwachindunji kutsogolo kwa chinthu kapena mode kusintha zone.

Malo okhudzana ndi msewu angakhalenso osiyana. Mwachitsanzo, zolembera zamsewu zili pamwamba pa msewu. Ambiri mwa ena ali kumanja kwa msewu pokhudzana ndi magalimoto.

ndemanga

Ngati zizindikiro za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ziyenera kuikidwa pamtengo womwewo, zotsatirazi ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito: zizindikiro zoyamba zofunikira, ndiye zizindikiro zochenjeza, zizindikiro za mayendedwe ndi malangizo apadera, ndiye zizindikiro zoletsa. Zizindikiro zosafunikira kwambiri ndizozidziwitso ndi zizindikiro zautumiki, zomwe zimayikidwa pamalo abwino kapena otsika kwambiri.

Magulu a zikwangwani zamsewu

Ku Russia, monganso m'mayiko ena omwe adavomereza Msonkhano wa Vienna pa Zizindikiro Zamsewu, zizindikiro zonse zamsewu zimagawidwa m'magulu 8.

1. Chenjezo

Cholinga cha zizindikiro zochenjeza ndikudziwitsa dalaivala kuti akuyandikira malo omwe angakhale oopsa kwa galimoto, ena ogwiritsa ntchito misewu kapena oyenda pansi. Dalaivala akuyenera kutengera zomwe akudziwa ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti athandizire chitetezo chamsewu. Mwachitsanzo, chepetsani, konzekerani kuyima kotheratu, kapena kuyang’anitsitsa m’mphepete mwa msewu. Sizingatheke kuphwanya zofunikira za zizindikiro zoterezi - zimangodziwitsa madalaivala ndipo siziletsa kuyendetsa kulikonse.

Zizindikirozi nthawi zambiri zimakhala za katatu ndi malire ofiira. Chiyambi chachikulu ndi choyera ndipo zithunzi ndi zakuda. Zopatulapo ndizo zomwe zimadziwitsa za kuwoloka kwa mulingo ndikuwonetsa komwe kutembenuka.

2. Kuletsa

Zizindikiro zoletsa zikuwonetsa kuletsa kotheratu kwa njira iliyonse - kupitilira, kuyimitsa, kutembenuka, kutembenukira pomwepo, kudutsa, ndi zina zambiri. Kuphwanya zofunikira za zizindikirozi ndikuphwanya malamulo apamsewu ndipo kulangidwa ndi chindapusa. Zizindikiro zoletsa chiletso chomwe chinakhazikitsidwa kale zikuphatikizidwanso m'gululi.

Zizindikiro zonse za gululi zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, ndipo mtundu waukulu ndi woyera. Zizindikiro zoletsa zimakhala ndi malire ofiira, ndipo zizindikiro zoletsa zimakhala ndi malire akuda. Mitundu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazithunzizo ndi yofiira, yakuda, ndi yabuluu.

Zizindikiro za gululi zimayikidwa kutsogolo kwa mphambano ndi kutembenuka ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, osapitirira 25 m mkati mwa midzi komanso osapitirira 50 mamita kunja kwa midzi. Choletsacho chimasiya kugwira ntchito pambuyo pa chizindikiro chofananira kapena mphambano.

3. Zizindikiro zakutsogolo

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti adziwe dongosolo la njira zodutsana zosagwirizana, mphambano ndi magawo amisewu osakwanira m'lifupi. Izi zikuphatikizanso zikwangwani zachidule za "perekani patsogolo", "msewu waukulu", ndi zina.

Zizindikiro zamtundu uwu zimachotsedwa pachithunzi chokhazikika - zimatha kukhala zamtundu uliwonse, ndipo mitundu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi yofiira, yakuda, yoyera, yabuluu ndi yachikasu. Zizindikiro zoyambirira zimayikidwa nthawi yomweyo msewu waukulu usanayambe, kutuluka, kusinthana, mphambano. Chizindikiro "Mapeto a msewu waukulu" chimayikidwa kutsogolo kwa mapeto a msewu waukulu.

4. Zolemba

Zizindikiro zolondolera zimasonyeza udindo woyendetsa galimoto, monga kutembenuka kapena kuyendetsa molunjika kutsogolo. Kulephera kutsatira izi kumawonedwa ngati kuphwanya malamulo apamsewu ndipo kulangidwa ndi chindapusa.

Njira zanjinga ndi za anthu oyenda pansi zilinso ndi zizindikiro izi. Kupitilira apa, oyenda pansi okha kapena okwera njinga amaloledwa kusuntha.

Zizindikiro zolembedwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala ngati bwalo ndi maziko abuluu. Kupatulapo ndi Dangerous Goods Direction, yomwe ili ndi mawonekedwe amakona anayi.

Zizindikiro zovomerezeka zimayikidwa musanayambe gawo lomwe likufuna kuyendetsa kayendetsedwe kake. Mapeto amasonyezedwa ndi chizindikiro chofanana ndi slash yofiira. Popanda slash yofiira, chizindikirocho chimasiya kugwira ntchito pambuyo pa mphambano kapena, ngati mukuyendetsa galimoto pamsewu wa dziko, pambuyo pa kutha kwa kukhazikika.

5. Zizindikiro zamalamulo apadera

Amayendetsa kukhazikitsidwa kapena kuchotsedwa kwa malamulo apadera apamsewu. Ntchito yawo ndikuphatikiza zizindikiro zololeza komanso zodziwitsa anthu ogwiritsa ntchito msewu za kukhazikitsidwa kwa dongosolo lapadera la magalimoto ndikuwonetsa kuvomereza zochita. Gululi limaphatikizapo zikwangwani zosonyeza misewu yayikulu, kuwoloka anthu oyenda pansi, malo okwerera magalimoto, malo okhala, okwera njinga ndi oyenda pansi, koyambira ndi kutha kwa malo okhala, ndi zina zambiri.

Zizindikiro za mtundu uwu zimakhala ngati mawonekedwe a square kapena rectangle, kawirikawiri buluu. Zizindikiro zosonyeza potulukira ndi potuluka zili ndi mtundu wobiriwira wakumbuyo. Zizindikiro zosonyeza kulowa/kutuluka m'malo apadera omwe muli magalimoto ali ndi maziko oyera.

6. Zambiri

Zizindikiro zachidziwitso zimadziwitsa ogwiritsa ntchito pamsewu za malo okhalamo, komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo ovomerezeka kapena ovomerezeka oyendetsa galimoto. Chizindikiro chamtunduwu chimadziwitsa madalaivala ndi oyenda pansi za malo odutsa oyenda pansi, misewu, mizinda ndi matauni, malo okwerera mabasi, mitsinje, malo osungiramo zinthu zakale, mahotela, ndi zina zambiri.

Zizindikiro zachidziwitso nthawi zambiri zimakhala ngati ma rectangles ndi mabwalo okhala ndi maziko abuluu, obiriwira kapena oyera. Kwa zizindikiro zosakhalitsa, maziko achikasu amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

7. Zizindikiro zantchito

Zizindikiro zautumiki ndizongodziwa zambiri zokha ndipo mulibe malangizo aliwonse okhudza ogwiritsa ntchito msewu. Cholinga chawo ndikudziwitsa madalaivala kapena oyenda pansi za komwe kuli malo ochitirako ntchito monga zipatala, malo opangira mafuta, matelefoni apagulu, ochapira magalimoto, malo opangira mafuta, malo osangalalira, ndi zina zambiri.

Zizindikiro zautumiki zili mu mawonekedwe a rectangle ya buluu, mkati mwake muli bwalo loyera lokhala ndi chithunzi kapena zolembedwa. M'matawuni, zizindikiro zautumiki zili pafupi ndi chinthucho; m'misewu yakumidzi, iwo ali pa mtunda wa mamita mazana angapo mpaka makumi angapo makilomita kuchokera chinthu palokha. Zizindikiro zowonjezera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusonyeza mtunda weniweniwo.

8. Zizindikiro zokhala ndi zowonjezera (mbale)

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito molumikizana ndi munthu wamkulu. Cholinga cha zizindikirozi ndikuchepetsa kapena kumveketsa chikwangwani chachikulu cha msewu. Athanso kukhala ndi zina zowonjezera zofunika kwa ogwiritsa ntchito pamsewu.

Zizindikiro zimakhala ngati rectangle woyera, nthawi zina lalikulu. Zithunzi kapena zolembedwa pazizindikiro zimapangidwa zakuda. Zizindikiro zambiri zowonjezera zowonjezera zili pansi pa chizindikiro chachikulu. Kuti musachulukitse dalaivala ndi chidziwitso, zizindikiro zosaposa ziwiri zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamodzi ndi chizindikiro chachikulu nthawi imodzi.

Khalidwe tebulo

mtundu	Kusankhidwa	Fomu	zitsanzo
Choyambirira	Kuyika patsogolo pa mphambano, ma U-turns ndi malo ena oopsa	Zitha kukhala mawonekedwe aliwonse, gwiritsani ntchito malire ofiira kapena akuda	"Pezani njira", "msewu waukulu", "palibe kuyimitsa".
Zizindikiro zochenjeza	Amachenjeza za kuyandikira gawo lowopsa la msewu	Makona atatu oyera okhala ndi malire ofiira, kupatula zolozera ndi milingo yodutsa	"Steep Descent", "Steep Hill", "Slippery Road", "Wild Animals", "Roadwork", "Ana".
Letsani	Letsani kuwongolera kwapadera, kuwonetsanso kuchotsedwa kwa chiletsocho	Mawonekedwe ozungulira, okhala ndi malire ofiira kusonyeza kuletsa, ndi malire akuda kusonyeza kukweza chiletso.	"Palibe Kulowa", "Palibe Kupitilira", "Kulemera Kwambiri", "Palibe Kutembenuka", "Palibe Kuyimitsa", "Mapeto Zonse Zoletsa".
Pitirizani	Malangizo a njira inayake	Nthawi zambiri bwalo la buluu, koma zosankha zamakona ndizothekanso	"Zowongoka", "Zozungulira", "Msewu".
Zopereka Zapadera	Kukhazikitsa kapena kuletsa njira zoyendetsera	White, buluu kapena wobiriwira rectangles	"Freeway", "End of Freeway", "Tram Stop", "Artificial Potholes", "End of Pedestrian Zone".
mudziwe	Perekani zambiri zokhudza malo okhala ndi malo ena, komanso malire othamanga.	Rectangular kapena lalikulu, buluu, woyera kapena wachikasu.	"Dzina lachinthu", "Underpass", "Blind spot", "Distance indicator", "Stop line".
Zizindikiro zautumiki	Amachenjeza za malo azinthu zothandizira	Rectangle wabuluu wokhala ndi masikweya oyera olembedwa.	"Telefoni", "Chipatala", "Apolisi", "Hotelo", "Road Post", "Gas Station".
zina zambiri	Fotokozani zambiri ku zizindikiro zina ndikupereka zambiri kwa ogwiritsa ntchito pamsewu	Amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira okhala ndi maziko oyera ndi zolemba zakuda kapena zojambula.	"Oyenda akhungu", "Galimoto yogwirira ntchito", "Nthawi yogwira ntchito", "Malo ogwirira ntchito", "Kutalikirana ndi malo".

Zizindikiro zatsopano

Mu 2019, muyezo watsopano wadziko lonse wa GOST R 58398-2019 unakhazikitsidwa, womwe, makamaka, udayambitsa zikwangwani zatsopano zoyeserera. Tsopano madalaivala akuyenera kuzolowera zikwangwani zatsopano, mwachitsanzo, kuletsa kulowa m'mphambano ngati pali kuchulukana kwa magalimoto, kubwereza zizindikiro za "waffle". Padzakhalanso zizindikiro zatsopano za mizere yodzipereka yoyendera anthu onse, zolembera zatsopano, ndi zina.

Osati madalaivala okha, komanso oyenda pansi adzayenera kuzolowera zizindikiro zatsopano. Mwachitsanzo, zizindikiro 5.19.3d ndi 5.19.4d zimasonyeza kuwoloka kwa oyenda pansi.

Chenjerani

Kukula kochepa kwa zizindikiro kudzasinthanso. Kuyambira pano, kukula kwawo sikuyenera kupitirira 40 cm ndi 40 cm, ndipo nthawi zina - 35 cm ndi 35 cm. madera.

Momwe mungadziyesere kudziwa za zizindikiro

Kuti apambane mayeso, ophunzira a Moscow galimoto sukulu ayenera kudziwa zizindikiro zonse msewu. Komabe, ngakhale madalaivala odziwa bwino ntchito amafunika kudziwa zizindikiro za m’misewu. Ambiri a iwo ndi osowa, mwachitsanzo, chizindikiro "Low-flying ndege" limapezeka m'madera ndege. Momwemonso, "Falling Rocks" kapena "Wildlife" sizingatheke kukumana ndi madalaivala omwe samayenda kunja kwa tawuni.

Choncho, ngakhale madalaivala odziwa zambiri adzachita bwino kudziyesa okha pa chidziwitso cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zizindikiro za pamsewu, zizindikiro zapadera ndi zotsatira za kusasunga kwawo. Mutha kutero ndi matikiti aposachedwa apamsewu apamsewu ovomerezeka mu 2022.