Mitundu yama transmissions zodziwikiratu

Makampani opanga magalimoto akusintha mwachangu kapangidwe kazinthu zazikuluzikulu ndi misonkhano ikuluikulu, zomwe zimapangitsa moyo kukhala wosavuta kwa madalaivala ndikusintha magwiridwe antchito agalimoto. Magalimoto amakono kwambiri akusiya kutulutsa kwamanja, kusiya zokonda zatsopano komanso zapamwamba kwambiri: zodziwikiratu, za roboti ndi zosintha. 

M'nkhaniyi tikambirana mitundu ya ma gearbox, momwe amasiyanirana wina ndi mnzake, momwe amagwirira ntchito, mfundo yogwirira ntchito komanso kuchuluka kwodalirika.

Hayidiroliki "zodziwikiratu": classic mu mawonekedwe ake oyera

Ma hydraulic automatic transmission ndiye kholo ladziko lapansi lazodziwikiratu, komanso zotumphukira zawo. Kutumiza koyamba zodziwikiratu anali hydromechanical, analibe "ubongo", analibe masitepe oposa anayi, koma iwo analibe kudalirika. Kenako, mainjiniya amayambitsa makina apamwamba kwambiri a hydraulic automatic transmission, omwe amadziwikanso chifukwa chodalirika, koma ntchito yake imachokera pakuwerenga masensa ambiri.

Chofunika kwambiri pa hayidiroliki "zodziwikiratu" ndiko kusowa kwa kulumikizana pakati pa injini ndi mawilo, kenako funso loyenera limabuka: kodi torque imafalikira motani? Chifukwa cha madzimadzi opatsirana. 

Ma transmitter amakono "amangodzazidwa" ndimakina aposachedwa kwambiri amagetsi, omwe samangokulolani kusinthira pazida zofunikira, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira monga "dzinja" ndi "masewera", komanso kusintha magiya pamanja.

Pankhani ya gearbox manual, hydraulic "automatic" imawonjezera mafuta, ndipo zimatenga nthawi yambiri kuti ifulumizitse - muyenera kudzipereka kuti mutonthozedwe.

Kwa nthawi yayitali, zotengera zodziwikiratu sizinali zodziwika bwino chifukwa chakuti ambiri oyendetsa magalimoto amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku "makaniko" ndipo amafuna kusintha magiya okha. Pankhani imeneyi, akatswiri akuyambitsa ntchito ya kudzisintha, ndipo amatcha kufala basi - Tiptronic. Tanthauzo la ntchitoyo ndikuti dalaivala amasuntha lever ya gear kumalo a "M", ndipo poyendetsa galimoto, sunthani chosankha ku "+" ndi "-" malo.

CVT: kukana masitepe

Panthawi ina, CVT inali kufalikira pang'onopang'ono, komwe kunayambitsidwa mdziko lazogulitsa zamagalimoto kwanthawi yayitali, ndipo lero ndiomwe amayamikiridwa ndi eni magalimoto.

Tanthauzo la kufala kwa CVT ndikusintha makokedwe bwino chifukwa chosowa masitepe monga choncho. Zosintha ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi "zodziwikiratu" zachikale, makamaka chifukwa chokhala ndi CVT injini nthawi zonse imayenda mothamanga kwambiri, chifukwa chake madalaivala anayamba kudandaula kuti sanamve ntchito ya injini, zinkawoneka kuti yayimitsidwa. . Koma gulu ili la eni galimoto, akatswiri abwera ndi ntchito ya kusuntha zida pamanja mu mawonekedwe a "kutsanzira" - amalenga kumverera kwa kuyendetsa kufala wamba basi.

Kodi chosinthira chimagwira bwanji? Kwenikweni, mamangidwe ake amakhala ndi ma cones awiri, omwe amalumikizidwa ndi lamba wapadera. Chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa ma cones awiri ndi lamba wotanuka, makokedwe amasinthidwa bwino. Mapangidwe ena onsewa ndi ofanana ndi "zodziwikiratu": kupezeka komweko kwa clutch paketi, mapulaneti zida zamagetsi, ma solenoids ndi kondomu.

Bokosi la Robotic

Posachedwapa, opanga magalimoto akubweretsa mtundu watsopano wotumizira - bokosi la robotic. Mwachidziwitso, izi ndizomwe zimatumiza pamanja, ndipo kuwongolera kuli ngati kufala kwadzidzidzi. Tandem yoteroyo imapezedwa mwa kukhazikitsa actuator yamagetsi mu gearbox wamba, yomwe imayendetsa osati kusuntha kwa zida zokha, komanso kugwira ntchito kwa ma clutch. Kwa nthawi yaitali, mtundu uwu wa kufala anali mpikisano waukulu wa kufala zodziwikiratu, koma zofooka zambiri zimene akatswiri amapatula mpaka lero zachititsa kusakhutira kwambiri pakati eni galimoto.

Chifukwa chake, "loboti" yamtundu wachikaleyo ili ndi zida zamagetsi zamagetsi, komanso chowongolera chomwe chimayatsa ndikuzimitsa zowalamulira m'malo mwanu.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 2000, VAG idatulutsa mtundu woyesera wa DSG robotic gearbox. Mayina akuti "DSG" amatanthauza Direkt Schalt Getriebe. 2003 inali chaka chokhazikitsa DSG pagalimoto za Volkswagen, koma kapangidwe kake kamasiyana mosiyanasiyana pakumvetsetsa kwa "loboti" wakale.

DSG idagwiritsa ntchito ma clutch apawiri, theka lomwe limayang'anira kuphatikiza magiya, ndipo yachiwiri kwa osamvetseka. Monga actuator, "mechatronic" idagwiritsidwa ntchito - zovuta zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zomwe zimayang'anira ntchito ya bokosi la preselective. Mu "mechatronics" pali gawo lolamulira, ndi valve, bolodi lolamulira. Musaiwale kuti chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu za ntchito ya DSG ndi mpope wamafuta, womwe umapangitsa kupanikizika mu dongosolo, popanda zomwe bokosi losasankha silingagwire ntchito, ndipo kulephera kwa mpope kumalepheretsa gawolo.

Chabwino ndi chiyani?

Kuti timvetse kuti bokosi lamagalimoto ndibwino liti, tifotokozera zabwino ndi zoyipa zilizonse pakufalitsa kulikonse.

Ubwino wama hydraulic automatic transmission:

• kudalirika;
• kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito;
• kuyendetsa bwino galimoto;
• chuma chapamwamba kwambiri cha chipangizocho, malinga ndi kukonza kolondola ndi kukonza kwakanthawi.

kuipa:

• kukonza okwera mtengo;
• N'zosatheka kuyambitsa injini kuchokera kwa "pusher";
• ntchito yamtengo wapatali;
• kuchedwa kosunthira magiya;
• chiopsezo choterera.

Ubwino wa CVT:

• kugwira ntchito kwamtendere kwa injini;
• Mphamvu yamagetsi imagwira ntchito modekha;
• khola mathamangitsidwe pa liwiro lililonse.

kuipa:

• kuvala mwachangu komanso kukwera mtengo kwa lamba;
• Kusatetezeka kwa kapangidwe kake kuti kagwiritsidwe ntchito mu "gasi mpaka pansi";
• kukonza okwera mtengo potengera kufala kwadzidzidzi.

Ubwino wa bokosi lokonzekera:

• chuma;
• kunyamula mwachangu ndikuchita nawo zida zofunikira pakufunika kuthamanga kwambiri;
• miyeso yaying'ono.

kuipa:

• kusuntha kwa magiya oyenda;
• machitidwe osavutikira othandizira pakompyuta;
• nthawi zambiri kukonzanso sikungatheke - kokha m'malo mwa zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi zigawo;
• ntchito yocheperako;
• mtengo zida zowalamulira (DSG);
• mantha oterera.

Sizingatheke kudziwa ndendende kuti ndi yoipitsitsa kapena yabwino, chifukwa dalaivala aliyense amadzipangira yekha mtundu wosavuta kwambiri wa kufalitsa, malingana ndi zomwe amakonda.

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Ndi gearbox iti yomwe ili yodalirika kwambiri? Pali mikangano yambiri pa izi. Makina amodzi amagwira ntchito kwazaka zambiri, ndipo makinawo amalephera pambuyo pa ma MOT angapo. Makinawa ali ndi mwayi wosatsutsika: pakawonongeka, dalaivala azitha kudziyimira pawokha ku station station ndikukonza bokosi la gear pa bajeti.

Kodi mumadziwa bwanji bokosi? Ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa kufala kwa buku kuchokera ku zodziwikiratu ndi kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa chopondapo cholumikizira (chokhachokha chilibe chopondapo). Koma mtundu wa kufala basi, muyenera kuyang'ana chitsanzo cha galimoto.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa ma automatic transmission ndi automatic? Automatic ndi yodziwikiratu kufala (yodziwikiratu kufala). Koma loboti ndi zimango zomwezo, zokhala ndi ma clutch apawiri komanso zida zosinthira.