Tankette “Carden-Loyd” Mk.IV
Tankette “Carden-Loyd” Mk.IVCarden Loyd Tankette.
Tankette inali ndi thupi lochepa lankhondo, pakati pake pomwe injiniyo inali. Kumbali zonse za iye panali anthu awiri ogwira ntchito: kumanzere - dalaivala, ndi kumanja - wowombera ndi mfuti ya Vickers atakwera poyera. Makokedwe a injini kudzera mu gearbox ya pulaneti ndi kusiyana kwa galimoto kunadyetsedwa ku mawilo oyendetsa galimoto ya mbozi yomwe ili kutsogolo kwa makina. Kavalo wapansiwo anali ndi mawilo anayi otchingidwa ndi mphira amsewu ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi kuyimitsidwa kotsekeka pa akasupe a masamba. Tankette idasiyanitsidwa ndi kuphweka kwake, kusuntha komanso mtengo wotsika. Idaperekedwa kumayiko 16 padziko lapansi ndipo nthawi zina idathandizira kupanga mitundu yatsopano ya magalimoto okhala ndi zida. The tankette palokha posakhalitsa anachotsedwa ntchito ndi magulu omenyera nkhondo, chifukwa anali ndi chitetezo chofooka kwambiri zida, ndipo malo ochepa a chipinda omenyera nkhondo sanalole kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zida.
Kuchokera ku mbiriMa tankette ambiri aku Europe amatengedwa ngati tankette yaku Britain Cardin-Lloyd, ndipo ngakhale magalimoto awa sanachite bwino mu gulu lankhondo laku Britain, "Universal Carrier" yonyamula zida zankhondo idapangidwa pamaziko awo, omwe anali otalikirapo komanso okonzedwanso. tankette. Makinawa anapangidwa mochuluka kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri ankagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana ndi tankettes. Mapangidwe oyambirira a tankettes adalengedwa mu USSR kale mu 1919, pamene ntchito za "mfuti yamtundu wamtundu uliwonse" ndi injiniya Maksimov. Choyamba mwa izi chinali kupanga tankette yokhala ndi mpando umodzi wokhala ndi mfuti imodzi yolemera matani 1 ndi injini ya 2,6 hp. ndi zida za 40 mm mpaka 8 mm. Liwiro lalikulu kwambiri ndi 10 km / h. Ntchito yachiwiri, yodziwika pansi pa dzina lakuti "chishango-chonyamulira", inali pafupi ndi yoyamba, koma yosiyana ndi kuti membala yekhayo anali atatsamira, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti zitheke kuchepetsa kukula ndi kuchepetsa kulemera kwa matani 17. sizinakwaniritsidwe.
Ku USSR, adalimbikitsidwa kwambiri ndi M.N. Tukhachevsky, yemwe adasankhidwa mu 1931 kukhala mkulu wa zida za "Red Army" ndi alimi (RKKA). Mu 1930, adakwanitsa kutulutsa filimu yophunzitsa "Wedge Tank" kuti apititse patsogolo zida zaposachedwa, pomwe adalemba yekha filimuyo. Kulengedwa kwa tankettes kunaphatikizidwa mu ndondomeko zolonjeza zopanga zida zankhondo. Malinga ndi ndondomeko yomanga thanki ya zaka zitatu yomwe idakhazikitsidwa pa June 3, 2, mu 1926, idayenera kupanga batalion (mayunitsi 1930) a tankettes ("mfuti za makina osindikizira", m'mawu omwewo).
Mu 1929-1930. pali ntchito ya tankette T-21 (antchito - 2 anthu, zida - 13 mm). Mapangidwewo adagwiritsa ntchito mfundo za akasinja a T-18 ndi T-17. Ntchitoyi idakanidwa chifukwa chosakwanira kuyenda kwagalimoto. Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, ntchito za tankettes za T-22 ndi T-23 zinaperekedwa, zomwe zimatchedwa "ma tankettes akuluakulu operekeza". Pakati pawo, iwo ankasiyana pa mtundu wa injini ndi malo a ogwira ntchito. Pambuyo poganizira ntchito yopanga chitsanzo, T-23 anasankhidwa kukhala otsika mtengo komanso yosavuta kumanga. Mu 1930, zitsanzo zoyeserera zidapangidwa, panthawi yopanga zidasinthidwa pafupifupi zosintha zonse zomwe zidasintha pafupifupi kuzindikirika. Koma mphero iyi sinayambe kupanga chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo, poyerekeza ndi mtengo wa T-18 woperekeza thanki. Pa Ogasiti 9, 1929, zofunikira zidakhazikitsidwa popanga tankette yotsata mawilo T-25 yolemera matani osakwana 3,5, yokhala ndi injini ya 40-60 hp. ndi liwiro la 40 Km / h pa njanji ndi 60 Km / h pa mawilo. Mpikisano unalengezedwa popanga makinawo. Mu Novembala 1929, mwa ntchito ziwiri zomwe zidatumizidwa, imodzi idasankhidwa, yomwe inali thanki yochepetsedwa yamtundu wa Christie, koma ndikusintha pang'ono, makamaka, ndi kuthekera koyenda moyandama. Kukula kwa polojekitiyi kunakumana ndi zovuta zazikulu ndipo kunatsekedwa mu 1932, osabweretsedwa pakupanga chitsanzo choyesera chifukwa cha mtengo wapamwamba.
Mu 1930, bungwe lotsogozedwa ndi Khalepsky (mtsogoleri wa UMM) ndi Ginzburg (mtsogoleri wa ofesi ya zomangamanga za tank) anafika ku UK kuti adziŵe zitsanzo za zomangamanga zakunja. Carden-Loyd Mk.IV mphero anasonyezedwa - opambana kwambiri mu kalasi yake (idatumizidwa ku mayiko khumi ndi asanu ndi limodzi a dziko). Anaganiza zogula ma tankette 20 ndi chilolezo chopanga ku Soviet Union. Mu Ogasiti 1930, tankette idawonetsedwa kwa oimira a Red Army ndipo adachita chidwi. Anaganiza zokonzekera kupanga kwake kwakukulu. Pansi pa Pangano la Mtendere la Versailles, Germany, yomwe inagonjetsedwa pa Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse, inaletsedwa kukhala ndi asilikali onyamula zida, kupatulapo magalimoto owerengeka onyamula zida kuti akwaniritse zosowa za apolisi. Kuphatikiza pazochitika zandale, m'zaka za m'ma 1920, zofunikira zachuma zidalepheretsanso izi - makampani aku Germany, omwe adawonongedwa ndi nkhondo komanso kufooketsedwa ndi kubwezeredwa kwa nkhondo pambuyo pa nkhondo ndi kukanidwa, analibe mphamvu yopanga magalimoto okhala ndi zida. Momwemonso, kuyambira 1925, Reichswehr Arms Directorate yakhala ikugwira ntchito mobisa pakupanga akasinja aposachedwa, omwe mu 1925-1930 adayambitsa kupanga ma prototypes omwe sanalowe mndandanda chifukwa cha zolakwika zambiri zomwe zidadziwika. , koma adakhala ngati maziko a chitukuko chomwe chikubwera cha zomangamanga zaku Germany ... Ku Germany, chitukuko cha Pz Kpfw I chassis chinachitika monga gawo la zofunikira zoyamba, zomwe zinaphatikizapo kupanga, kwenikweni, tankette ya mfuti, koma mu 1932 mfundozi zinasinthidwa. Ndi chidwi kukula mabwalo asilikali Reichswehr mu luso akasinja, mu 1932 Armaments Directorate anakonza mpikisano kupanga thanki kuwala matani 5. Ku Wehrmacht, thanki ya PzKpfw I inali yofanana ndi tankettes, koma inali yaikulu kawiri kuposa tankette wamba, ndipo inali ndi zida zankhondo komanso zida zankhondo.
Ngakhale zovuta zazikulu - zozimitsa moto zosakwanira, ma tankette adagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pakuzindikira komanso kuthana ndi ntchito zachitetezo. Ambiri mwa tankettes ankalamulidwa ndi 2 ogwira ntchito, ngakhale panalinso zitsanzo imodzi. Zitsanzo zina zinalibe nsanja (ndipo pamodzi ndi injini ya mbozi, izi nthawi zambiri zimawoneka ngati tanthauzo la lingaliro la tankette). Ena onse anali ndi akamba ozungulira pamanja wamba. Zida zodziwika bwino za tankette ndi mfuti imodzi kapena ziwiri, nthawi zina mizinga ya 2 mm kapena chowombera ma grenade. Tankette ya British Carden-Loyd Mk.IV imatengedwa ngati "classic", ndipo pafupifupi matanki ena onse adapangidwa motengera maziko ake. Tanki yowala yaku France ya zaka za m'ma 1930 (Automitrailleuses de Reconnaissance) inali tankette yowoneka bwino, koma yopangidwa mwapadera kuti ivomerezedwe pamaso pa magulu akuluakulu. Japan, nayenso, adakhala m'modzi mwa ogwiritsa ntchito mwachangu ma wedges, ndikupanga mitundu ingapo yofunikira pankhondo m'nkhalango zotentha. Makhalidwe a Cardin-Lloyd VI tankette
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Kumapeto kwa zaka makumi awiri, lingaliro la "makina" ankhondo kapena kuwonjezera zida zankhondo zankhondo ku zida zankhondo, pomwe msilikali aliyense ali ndi galimoto yake yankhondo, tankette, idakwera m'maganizo mwa akatswiri ankhondo pafupifupi onse. mphamvu za dziko. Posakhalitsa zinaonekeratu kuti munthu mmodzi sangathe nthawi imodzi kuchita ntchito za dalaivala, mfuti, woyendetsa wailesi, etc. Ma tankette ang'onoang'ono anasiyidwa posakhalitsa, koma anapitirizabe kuyesa aŵiri. Chimodzi mwa tankettes opambana kwambiri chinapangidwa ndi English yaikulu G. Mertel mu 1928. Anatchedwa "Carden-Lloyd" ndi dzina la wopanga.
