T-90M - thanki latsopano la asilikali Russian

Mtundu watsopano wa "makumi asanu ndi anayi" - T-90M - umawoneka wochititsa chidwi kwambiri kuchokera kutsogolo. Ma modules owoneka bwino a chitetezo champhamvu "Rielikt" ndi mitu yowonera komanso kuyang'ana zida za "Kalina" zowongolera moto.

Pa September 9, madzulo a Tsiku la sitima yapamadzi, chiwonetsero choyamba cha anthu cha T-90 MBT chinachitika pa malo ophunzitsira a Luga pafupi ndi St. Makina oyambirira a makina amakono, otchedwa T-90M, adatenga nawo mbali mu gawo limodzi la zochitika za Zapad-2017. Posachedwapa, magalimoto ochuluka ayenera kulowa m'magulu omenyana a Ground Forces of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

M'mbuyomu, sabata yatha ya Ogasiti, pa msonkhano wa Moscow "Army-2017" (onani WiT 10/2017), Unduna wa Zachitetezo ku Russia udasaina mapangano angapo ndi wopanga akasinja - Uralvagonzavod Corporation (UVZ). Malinga ndi m'modzi wa iwo, Gulu Lankhondo Lankhondo la Chitaganya cha Russia liyenera kulandira kuchuluka kwa magalimoto omwe amalola kuti azitha kugawa zida zankhondo, ndipo zoperekera ziyenera kuyamba chaka chamawa. Kukonzekera kwa T-90M ndi sitepe yotsatira mu pulogalamu yamakono yokhazikika ya akasinja aku Russia omwe akhala akugwira ntchito kwa zaka zambiri, zomwe zikuwonetsedwa ndi kukweza kwakukulu kwa magalimoto a T-72B kukhala B3 standard (onani WiT 8/2017), ngakhale mu nkhani iyi n'kutheka kugula mtundu magalimoto atsopano. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka, zidziwitso zidawonekera za mapulani osinthira akasinja onse a T-90 omwe akugwira ntchito ndi gulu lankhondo laku Poland kukhala mtundu watsopano, i.e. pafupifupi 400 magalimoto. N'zothekanso kupanga magalimoto atsopano.

thanki latsopano analengedwa monga gawo la ntchito kafukufuku codenamed "Prrany-3" ndi njira chitukuko cha T-90/T-90A. Lingaliro lofunika kwambiri linali kuwongolera kwambiri magawo akulu omwe amatsimikizira mtengo wankhondo wa thanki, mwachitsanzo, mphamvu yozimitsa moto, kupulumuka ndi mawonekedwe oyenda. Zida zamagetsi zimayenera kugwira ntchito pamalo ochezera a pa intaneti ndikugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wosinthana mwachangu chidziwitso chaukadaulo.

Chithunzi choyamba cha T-90M chinawululidwa mu Januwale 2017. Zinatsimikizira kuti thanki ili pafupi kwambiri ndi T-90AM (T-90MS yotumiza kunja), yomwe idapangidwa ngati gawo la polojekiti ya Pripy-2 kumapeto kwa zaka khumi zoyambirira za m'ma 90. Komabe, ngati makinawa adapangidwa ngati mtundu wotumizira kunja chifukwa chosakhudzidwa ndi gulu lankhondo laku Russia, ndiye kuti T-XNUMXM idapangidwira Gulu Lankhondo la Russian Federation. Mu thanki yomwe ikukambidwa, njira zambiri zomwe sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito kale mu "nineties" zinagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma zidadziwika kale, kuphatikizapo malingaliro osiyanasiyana amakono.

T-90M Anatomy ndi Kupulumuka

Nthawi yodziwika kwambiri komanso yofunika kwambiri pakusintha kwamakono ndi nsanja yatsopano. Ili ndi mawonekedwe opangidwa ndi welded ndi mawonekedwe a hexagonal. Zimasiyana ndi turret yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu T-90A / T-90S, kuphatikizapo dongosolo la mabowo ochotsa mitu yowonekera, kukhalapo kwa niche ndi khoma lakumbuyo lakumbuyo m'malo mwazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kale. Chophimba cha mtsogoleri wozunguliracho chinasiyidwa ndipo chinasinthidwa ndi korona wamuyaya ndi periscopes. Kumbuyo kwa khoma la nsanja kuli chidebe chachikulu chomwe chili ndi, mwa zina, gawo la malo ozimitsa moto.

Kuyambira kuwululidwa kwa chidziwitso choyamba chokhudza polojekiti ya Pripy-3, pakhala malingaliro akuti T-90M ilandila chishango chatsopano cha roketi cha Malachite. Zithunzi za thanki yomalizidwa zikuwonetsa kuti adaganiza zogwiritsa ntchito zida za Rielikt. Kumalo akutsogolo, kupitilira pafupifupi 35 ° kumanzere ndi kumanja kwa ndege yayitali ya turret, zida zazikulu za tanki zimakutidwa ndi ma module olemera a Rielikt. Makaseti analinso pamwamba pa denga. Mkati mwake muli zinthu 2S23. Kuphatikiza apo, ma module okhala ndi bokosi okhala ndi zoyika za 2C24 adayimitsidwa kuchokera pamakoma am'mbali a nsanja, m'dera lotetezedwa ndi mbale zachitsulo zowonda kwambiri. Yankho lofananalo linayambitsidwa posachedwa pa mtundu waposachedwa wa T-73B3. Ma modules amakutidwa ndi chitsulo chopepuka chachitsulo.

T-90AM (MS) mu kasinthidwe ka 2011. Malo owombera akutali a 7,62 mm amawoneka bwino pa turret. Ngakhale ntchito, kwambiri kuposa T-90 / T-90A, asilikali a Russian Federation sanayerekeze kugula akasinja amakono potengera zotsatira za pulogalamu Pripy-2. Komabe, T-90MS idatsalira pakugulitsa kunja.

Maselo a Rielikt ndi ofanana kukula kwake Kontakt-5, koma gwiritsani ntchito zophulika zina. Kusiyana kwakukulu kwagona pakugwiritsa ntchito makatiriji atsopano olemetsa, osunthidwa kutali ndi zida zazikulu. Makoma awo akunja amapangidwa ndi mapepala achitsulo pafupifupi 20 mm wandiweyani. Chifukwa cha mtunda pakati pa kaseti ndi zida za thanki, mbale zonse zimagwira ntchito pa penetrator, osati - monga "Contact-5" - khoma lakunja lokha. Mbale wamkati pambuyo pa cell iphulitsidwa, kusunthira kuchombo, kukanikiza pa penetrator kapena cumulative jet kwa nthawi yayitali. Pa nthawi yomweyi, chifukwa cha asymmetry ya ndondomeko ya funneling m'mapepala okhazikika kwambiri, m'mphepete mwa chipolopolocho mumakhala movutikira kwambiri. Akuti "Rielikt" imachepetsa mphamvu yolowera ya olowera amakono ndipo imakhala yogwira ntchito kawiri ndi theka kuposa "Contact-5". Mapangidwe a makaseti ndi ma cell omwe amapangidwanso kuti ateteze ku mitu yophulika ya tandem.

Ma module okhala ndi ma cell a 2C24 adapangidwa kuti aziteteza ku mitu yochuluka. Kuphatikiza pa zoyikapo zowonjezera, zimakhala ndi zitsulo ndi ma gaskets apulasitiki opangidwa kuti awonetsetse kuti zida zankhondo zimalumikizana kwanthawi yayitali ndikulowa mkati mwa cartridge.

Mbali yachiwiri yofunika ya Rielikt ndi modularity ake. Kugawa chivundikirocho m'magawo osintha mwachangu kumapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kukonza m'munda. Izi zimawonekera makamaka pakhungu la fuselage lakutsogolo. M'malo mwa zipinda 5 zolumikizana ndi laminate zotsekedwa ndi zipewa zomangira, ma module omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zankhondo adagwiritsidwa ntchito. Rielikt imatetezanso mbali za fuselage pamtunda wa chipinda chowongolera ndi chipinda chomenyera nkhondo. Pansi pa ma apuloni ndi mapepala a mphira olimbikitsidwa omwe amaphimba pang'ono magudumu onyamula katundu ndi kuchepetsa kukwera kwa fumbi poyendetsa galimoto.

M'mbali ndi kumbuyo kwa chipinda chowongolera, komanso chidebe chakumbuyo kwa nsanja, zidakutidwa ndi zotchingira za lattice. Zida zankhondo zamtunduwu zimakhala pafupifupi 50-60% zogwira ntchito motsutsana ndi zida zankhondo zapagawo limodzi za HEAT za oyambitsa ma grenade anti-tank.

T-90MS ku IDEX 2013 ku Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Kuphatikiza pa ntchito yopenta m'chipululu, thankiyo idalandiranso magetsi atsopano ndi makamera owonjezera a dalaivala.

Mu chithunzi choyamba cha T-90M, zowonetsera lattice zimateteza maziko a turret kuchokera kutsogolo ndi mbali. Pagalimoto yomwe idayambitsidwa mu Seputembala, zophimbazo zidasinthidwa ndi mauna osinthika. Gwero la kudzoza, popanda mthunzi wokayikitsa, ndilo yankho lomwe linapangidwa ndi British nkhawa QinetiQ, yomwe tsopano imadziwika kuti Q-net, (aka RPGNet), yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito, mwa zina, pa Polish wolverines pa ntchito ku Afghanistan. Chipolopolocho chimakhala ndi chingwe chachifupi chachifupi chomangirira mu mauna okhala ndi mfundo zazikulu zachitsulo. Zinthu zomalizazi zimagwiranso ntchito yofunikira pakuwononga zida zankhondo za HEAT. Ubwino wa gululi ndi kulemera kwake kochepa, mpaka kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa zojambula za tepi, komanso mosavuta kukonza. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa boot flexible kumapangitsanso kuti dalaivala azitha kukwera ndi kutsika mosavuta. Kuchita bwino kwa maukonde motsutsana ndi zida zosavuta za HEAT zimayesedwa pa 50-60%.

T-90MS idadzutsa chidwi cha ogwiritsa ntchito angapo. Mu 2015, makinawo adayesedwa ku Kuwait. Malinga ndi malipoti atolankhani, dziko lino likufuna kugula magalimoto 146 a T-90MS.

Mwinamwake, monga momwe zinalili ndi T-90MS, mkati mwa zipinda zomenyera nkhondo ndi ziwongolero zinali zodzaza ndi anti-fragment layer. Mats amachepetsa chiwopsezo cha kuvulala kwa ogwira nawo ntchito pazomenyera zomwe sizinalowemo ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka pambuyo polowa zida. Mbali ndi pamwamba pa carousel chonyamulira cha cannon loading system analinso yokutidwa ndi zoteteza.

Mkulu wa thanki adalandira malo atsopano osasunthika m'malo mwa turret yozungulira. Mapangidwe a hatch amakulolani kuti mukonze malo otseguka pang'ono. Pamenepa, mkuluyo amatha kuona chilengedwe kudzera m'mphepete mwa hatch, ndikuphimba mutu wake ndi chivindikiro kuchokera pamwamba.

Mphekesera zokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zodzitetezera ku Afghanistani mu T-90M zinakhala zabodza, monga momwe zinalili ndi zida za Malachite. Chosiyana cha dongosolo la Sztora, lotchedwa TSZU-1-2M, linayikidwa pa galimoto yomwe inayambitsidwa mu September. Zimaphatikizapo, mwa zina, zowunikira zinayi za laser zomwe zili pansanjayo, ndi gulu lowongolera pamalo a mtsogoleri. Chiwopsezo chikadziwika, makinawo amatha kuwotcha utsi ndi ma grenade aerosol (poyerekeza ndi T-90MS, mawonekedwe a oyambitsa awo asinthidwa pang'ono). Mosiyana ndi matembenuzidwe akale a Sztora, TSZU-1-2M sanagwiritse ntchito heaters infuraredi. Inde, sizinganenedwe kuti m'tsogolomu T-90M idzalandira njira yodzitetezera kwambiri. Komabe, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa Afganit, ndi njira zake zodziwira zoopsa komanso zowombera utsi ndi zowombera mizinga, zingafune kusintha kwakukulu pakukonzekera kwa zida za turret ndipo, ndithudi, sakanatha kunyalanyazidwa ndi owona.

Kwa T-90MS, phukusi lobisala linapangidwa, lomwe linali lophatikizana ndi zida za Nakidka ndi Tiernownik. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pa T-90M. Phukusili limagwira ntchito ngati kubisala kwa mawonekedwe owoneka bwino ndikuchepetsa mawonekedwe a radar ndi matenthedwe a tanki yomwe ili nayo. Kupakako kumachepetsanso kutentha kwa mkati mwa galimotoyo kuchokera ku cheza cha dzuŵa, kutulutsa makina ozizirira ndi oziziritsira mpweya.

Armarm

The zida waukulu wa T-90M ndi 125 mm smoothbore mfuti. Ngakhale matembenuzidwe apamwamba kwambiri a "makumi asanu ndi anayi" mpaka pano adalandira mfuti mumtundu wa 2A46M-5, pankhani ya kukonzanso kwaposachedwa, mtundu wa 2A46M-6 umatchulidwa. Zambiri zovomerezeka pa 2A46M-6 sizinalengedwe poyera. Nambala yotsatira mu ndondomekoyi ikuwonetsa kuti zosintha zina zidapangidwa, koma sizikudziwika ngati zidapangitsa kuti magawo ena asinthe kapena anali ndi maziko aukadaulo.

T-90M pachiwonetsero ku malo ophunzitsira a Luga - ndi chophimba cha mauna ndi siteshoni yatsopano ya 12,7-mm GWM.

Kulemera kwa mfuti ndi pafupifupi matani 2,5, omwe osachepera theka amagwera pa mbiya. Kutalika kwake ndi 6000 mm, zomwe zimafanana ndi 48 calibers. Chingwe cha mbiya chimakhala chosalala-chotchingidwa ndi chrome-chokutidwa kwa moyo wautali. Kulumikizana kwa bayonet kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kusintha mbiya, kuphatikizapo kumunda. Mgolowu umakutidwa ndi chotchinga chotchinga kutentha, chomwe chimachepetsa kutentha kwa kuwombera molondola, komanso chimakhala ndi chodziwombera chokha.

Mfutiyo inalandira dongosolo lomwe limayendetsa kupotoza kwa mbiya. Amakhala ndi kuwala kwa mtengo emitter yokhala ndi sensa yomwe ili pafupi ndi mfuti yamfuti ndi galasi loyikidwa pafupi ndi mphuno ya mbiya. Chipangizocho chimatenga miyeso ndikutumiza deta ku dongosolo loyendetsa moto, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kuganizira kugwedezeka kwamphamvu kwa mbiya pokonza makompyuta a ballistic.

Pamene chidziwitso choyamba chosowa chokhudza T-90M chinkawoneka, ankaganiza kuti thankiyo idzakhala ndi zida zamtundu wa 2A82-1M, zomwe ndizo zida zazikulu za T-14 Armata. Mapangidwe atsopano, okhala ndi migolo yotalika 56 (omwe ndi mita kuposa 2A46M). Powonjezera kukakamiza kovomerezeka m'chipindacho, 2A82 imatha kuwombera zida zamphamvu kwambiri, komanso iyeneranso kukhala yolondola kwambiri kuposa yomwe idayamba kale. Zithunzi za T-90M kuyambira Seputembala chaka chino. komabe, sizigwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ina iliyonse ya 2A82.

Mfuti imayendetsedwa ndi makina ojambulira a mndandanda wa AZ-185. Dongosololi lasinthidwa kuti ligwiritse ntchito zida zazitali zolowera pang'ono monga Swiniec-1 ndi Swiniec-2. Zida zimatanthauzidwa ngati zozungulira 43. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuwonjezera pa kuwombera 22 mu carousel ndi 10 mu turret niche, kuwombera 11 kunayikidwa mkati mwa chipinda chomenyera nkhondo.

Pakadali pano, palibe chidziwitso chokhudza zida zomwe zimathandizira kukhazikika ndikuwongolera zida zazikulu. Pankhani ya T-90MS, mawonekedwe atsopano a 2E42 otsimikiziridwa adagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi makina okweza mfuti a electro-hydraulic. Russia yakhazikitsanso dongosolo lamagetsi lathunthu 2E58. Zimadziwika, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zochepa, kudalirika kowonjezereka komanso kuwonjezereka kolondola poyerekeza ndi zothetsera zam'mbuyomu. Ubwino wofunikira ndikuchotsanso ma hydraulic system, omwe ndi owopsa kwa ogwira ntchito ngati awonongeka atathyola zida. Choncho, sitinganene kuti 90E2 ntchito mu T-58M.

Zida zothandizira zimakhala ndi: 7,62 mm mfuti yamakina 6P7K (PKTM) ndi mfuti ya 12,7 mm 6P49MT (Kord MT). Yoyamba imalumikizidwa ndi cannon. Katundu wa 7,62 × 54R mamilimita makatiriji ndi 1250 mozungulira.

Zida zatsopano zankhondo ndi cellar kumbuyo kwa turret zidasintha mawonekedwe a Ninety. Pambali pali mtengo wodziyimira pawokha podzikoka galimoto ngati itakhazikika m'dambo.

Pambuyo pa kuwululidwa kwa T-90MS, mikangano yambiri inayambika chifukwa chokhala ndi PKTM yachiwiri, yomwe inayikidwa pa malo owombera akutali T05BV-1. Mfundo yayikulu yodzudzula inali kuchepa kwa zida izi polimbana ndi zida zankhondo monga magalimoto omenyera nkhondo opepuka komanso ma helikoputala. Choncho, T-90M anaganiza kubwerera MG. Mfuti ya 12,7-mm Kord MT idayikidwa pamalo owongolera patali pa thanki ya tank. Chopondapo chake chinayikidwa mozungulira mozungulira pansi pa chida choyang'anira wamkulu. Poyerekeza ndi T05BW-1, phiri latsopanoli ndi losafananiza, mfuti ili kumanzere ndi chitsulo cha ammo kumanja. Mpando wa mkuluyo ndi chipangizocho sizimalumikizidwa mwamakina ndipo zimatha kuzunguliridwa popanda wina ndi mnzake. Mtsogoleri akasankha njira yoyenera, siteshoniyi imatsatira mzere wowonera chida cha panoramic. Ma angles owombera akuyenera kukhala osasinthika poyerekeza ndi module ndi T-90MS ndipo amachokera ku -10 ° mpaka 45 ° vertically ndi 316 ° horizontally. Katundu wa makatiriji 12,7 mamilimita caliber ndi 300 mozungulira.

Zochitika za mikangano yaposachedwa zikuwonetsa kuti ngakhale zipolopolo zakale za HEAT zitha kukhala zowopsa kwa akasinja amakono akalowa m'malo osatetezedwa. Zida za crate zimawonjezera mwayi woti galimotoyo isawonongeke kwambiri ngati izi zitagunda.

Chophimba cha bar chimaphimbanso chotuluka. Chigoba cha zida za jenereta yothandizira mphamvu chikuwonekera kumbuyo kwa chombocho.

Dongosolo loyang'anira moto komanso chidziwitso chazochitika

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri kusintha pa wamakono "makumi asanu ndi anai" ndi kusiya wathunthu wa kale ntchito dongosolo ulamuliro moto 1A45T "Irtysh". Ngakhale pali magawo abwino komanso magwiridwe antchito, Irtysh lero ndi ya mayankho achikale. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito, mwa zina, kugawikana kwa zida za mfuti zamasana ndi usiku komanso kamangidwe kosakanizika kadongosolo lonse. Yoyamba mwa njira zomwe tatchulazi zakhala zikudziwika kuti ndi zopanda pake komanso zopanda ntchito kwa zaka zambiri. Momwemonso, mawonekedwe osakanikirana a dongosololi amachepetsa kusintha kwake. Ngakhale kuti kompyuta ya ballistic ndi chipangizo cha digito, ubale wake ndi zinthu zina ndi zofanana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, mwachitsanzo, kukhazikitsidwa kwa mapangidwe atsopano a zida ndi katundu watsopano wa ballistic kumafuna kusinthidwa kwa hardware pamlingo wa dongosolo. Pankhani ya Irtysh, mitundu ina itatu ya chipika cha 1W216 idayambitsidwa, kusinthira ma sign a analogi kuchokera pakompyuta ya ballistic kupita ku zida zowongolera zida, molingana ndi mtundu wosankhidwa wa cartridge.

SKO Kalina yamakono idagwiritsidwa ntchito mu T-90M. Imakhala ndi zomangamanga zotseguka, ndipo mtima wake ndi kompyuta ya digito yomwe imayendetsa deta kuchokera ku masensa, zowoneka ndi ma turret crew. Chovutacho chimaphatikizapo njira yotsatirira chandamale. Kulumikizana pakati pa zinthu zadongosolo kumapangidwa kudzera pa basi ya digito. Izi zimathandizira kukulitsa ndikusintha ma module, kukhazikitsidwa kwa zosintha zamapulogalamu, komanso kumathandizira zowunikira. Imaperekanso kusakanikirana ndi makina amagetsi a thanki (otchedwa vector electronics).

Wowombera mfuti wa thanki ali ndi mawonekedwe ambiri PNM-T "Sosna-U" wa kampani ya ku Belarus JSC "Pieleng". Mosiyana ndi T-72B3, yomwe chipangizochi chinagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa usiku, kumanzere kwa turret, T-90M ili ndi chipangizo chomwe chili pafupi ndi mpando wa tanker. Izi zimapangitsa kuti malo a wowomberayo akhale a ergonomic. Dongosolo lamaso la Sosna-U limagwiritsa ntchito zokulitsa ziwiri, × 4 ndi × 12, pomwe gawo lowonera ndi 12 ° ndi 4 °, motsatana. Njira yausiku imagwiritsa ntchito kamera yojambula yotentha. Zida za Thales Catherine-FC zamtundu uwu zaikidwa mu akasinja aku Russia mpaka pano, koma ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito kamera yamakono ya Catherine-XP. Makamera onsewa amagwira ntchito mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya 8-12 microns - ma radiation atali-wave infrared radiation (LWIR). Mtundu wotsogola kwambiri umagwiritsa ntchito chowunikira cha 288x4, pomwe Catherine-XP imagwiritsa ntchito 384x288. Kukula kwakukulu kwa sensa ndi kukhudzika kumatsogolera, makamaka, pakuwonjezeka kwa mtundu wa zomwe mukufuna komanso kuwongolera mawonekedwe azithunzi, zomwe zimathandizira kuzindikira. Makamera onsewa amapereka kukulitsa kuwiri - × 3 ndi × 12 (malo owonera 9 × 6,75 ° ndi 3 × 2,35 °, motsatana) ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe a digito omwe amalola kuwonera ndi kukulitsa × 24 (malo owonera 1,5 × 1,12 ,XNUMX °). Chithunzi chochokera panjira yausiku chikuwonetsedwa pa chowunikira pamalo a wowombera mfuti, ndipo kuyambira masana chimawonekera kudzera muchowonadi.

Pulsed laser rangefinder imapangidwa mumilandu ya Sosny-U. Neodymium yellow crystal emitter imapereka mtengo wa 1,064 µm. Kuyeza kumatheka pamtunda wa 50 mpaka 7500 m ndi kulondola kwa ± 10 m. Kuphatikiza apo, gulu lotsogolera missile la Riflex-M likuphatikizidwa ndi maso. Gawoli limaphatikizapo laser semiconductor yomwe imapanga mafunde osalekeza.

Galasi lolowetsa la chidacho limakhazikika mu ndege zonse ziwiri. Cholakwika chokhazikika chokhazikika chimatsimikiziridwa kukhala 0,1 mrad poyenda pa liwiro mpaka 30 km/h. Mapangidwe a mawonekedwe amakulolani kuti musinthe malo a mzere wolunjika kuchokera ku -10 ° mpaka 20 ° vertically ndi 7,5 ° chopingasa popanda kufunika kozungulira nsanja. Izi zimatsimikizira kulondola kwapamwamba kwa chandamale chosuntha pokhudzana ndi galimoto yomwe ikutsagana nayo.

Kuphatikiza pa Sosna-U, mawonekedwe a PDT adayikidwa pa T-90M. Imagwira ngati chipangizo chothandizira kapena chadzidzidzi. PDT idayikidwa pakati pakuwona kwakukulu ndi mfuti, mutu wa periscope udatulutsidwa kudzera pabowo padenga. Nyumbayi imakhala ndi makamera a usana ndi usiku pogwiritsa ntchito amplifier yotsalira. Chithunzi cha kanema wawayilesi chikhoza kuwonetsedwa pa chowunikira cha wowombera mfuti. Mawonekedwe a PDT ndi 4 × 2,55 °. Gululi limapangidwa ndi dongosolo la polojekiti. Gululi, kuwonjezera pa chizindikiro choyimitsa, chimaphatikizapo masikelo awiri omwe amakulolani kuti muzindikire mtundu wa chandamale pamtunda wake wa 2,37 m (mfuti) ndi 1,5 m (kwa mfuti ya coaxial). Pambuyo poyeza mtunda, wowombera mfutiyo amayika mtunda pogwiritsa ntchito console, yomwe imasintha malo a reticle malinga ndi mtundu wa zida zomwe zasankhidwa.

Magalasi olowera owonera amalumikizidwa mwamakina pachibelekero pogwiritsa ntchito makina a levers. Kusuntha koyima kwa galasi kumayambira -9 ° mpaka 17 °. Mzere wowonekera umakhazikika kutengera chida, cholakwika chokhazikika sichidutsa 1 mrad. PDT ili ndi mphamvu yakeyake, yopereka mphindi 40 zogwira ntchito.

Zophimba za mitu ya Sosna-U ndi PDT zotuluka pamwamba pa denga zili ndi zophimba zosunthika zomwe zimayendetsedwa patali ndikuteteza magalasi a zida. Ichi ndi chachilendo chodziwika bwino pamagalimoto aku Russia. M'matangi akale, magalasi owonera anali osatetezedwa kapena zovundikira zidatsekedwa.

Mu T-90M, monga momwe zinalili ndi T-90MS, iwo anasiya kapolo wa mkulu wozungulira pang'ono. Pobwezera, adapatsidwa malo osasunthika, atazunguliridwa ndi nkhata ya periscopes eyiti, komanso chipangizo chowonera ndi kuyang'ana cha Polish Academy of Sciences "Diso la Falcon". Pansi pa periscopes iliyonse pali batani loyimbira. Kusindikiza pa izo kumapangitsa kuti mawonekedwe a panoramic atembenuke ku gawo lofananira lazowonera.

Kumbuyo kwa chiwombankhanga cha mkulu wa asilikali kunayikidwa "diso la Falcon", mofanana ndi "Pine-U" ya Chibelarusi. Makamera awiri amaikidwa m'thupi wamba, kujambula kwa tsiku ndi kutentha, komanso laser rangefinder. M'mawonekedwe a tsiku, chipangizochi chimapanga x3,6 ndi x12 magnification. Malo owonera ndi 7,4 × 5,6 ° ndi 2,5 × 1,9 °, motero. Nyimbo yausiku imatengera kamera ya Catherine-FC kapena XP. Laser rangefinder ili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Sosno. Thupi la cylindrical la mawonekedwe limatha kuzunguliridwa ndi ngodya yonse; Kusuntha koyima kwa galasi lolowera kumayambira -10 ° mpaka 45 °. Mzere wolunjika umakhazikika mu ndege zonse ziwiri, cholakwika chokhazikika sichidutsa 0,1 mrad.

Kuyandikira kwa T-90M turret. Zivundikiro zotseguka za ma optics a oyang'anira ndi owombera mfuti ndi zida zomwe akuwongolera, komanso sensa ya laser radiation ndi zoyambitsa ma grenade utsi zimawoneka bwino. Chophimba cha ma mesh chimakhala ndi mphamvu yofanana ndi chivundikiro cha ndodo kapena ndodo koma ndi chopepuka kwambiri. Komanso, sizimalepheretsa dalaivala kutenga malo ake.

Zithunzi zochokera ku makamera a chipangizo cha panoramic zikuwonetsedwa pa polojekiti ya wolamulira. Kukonzekera kwa DCO kwa Kalina kumamupatsa mwayi wopeza pafupifupi ntchito zonse zamakina. Ngati kuli kofunikira, amatha kulamulira zida ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yausiku ya Hawkeye, Sosny-U kapena PDT. Munjira yoyambira yolumikizirana ndi wowombera mfuti, ntchito ya mkuluyo ndikuzindikira zomwe akufuna ndikuziwonetsa ndi chipangizo chowonera molingana ndi mfundo ya "hunter-killer".

Monga tanenera kale, Kalina SKO adagwirizanitsidwa ndi machitidwe ena amagetsi a T-90M, i.e. control, navigation and communication system. Kuphatikizikako kumapereka njira ziwiri zodziwikiratu za chidziwitso pakati pa tanki ndi positi yolamula. Zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi datazi, mwa zina, malo amphamvu zake ndi mdani yemwe wapezeka, momwe zida ziliri komanso kupezeka kwa zida kapena mafuta, komanso kulamula ndikuyitanitsa thandizo. Mayankho ake amalola wolamulira wa thanki, mwa zina, kuyang'ana koyang'ana pamalo oyenera a mtunda, pogwiritsa ntchito bolodi la dongosolo lothandizira lantchito zambiri lomwe lili ndi mapu.

Kuzindikira kwa mkuluyo kumakulitsidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira yowonjezera yowunikira yomwe idayambitsidwa zaka zingapo zapitazo pa T-90MS. Zili ndi zipinda zinayi. Atatu a iwo anali pamtengo wa sensa ya nyengo, atayikidwa padenga la nsanja kuseri kwa hatch ya mfuti, ndipo chachinayi chinali pakhoma lakumanja la nsanjayo. Kamera iliyonse ili ndi gawo la 95 × 40 °. Ma amplifier otsalira omwe adamangidwa amakulolani kuti muwone m'malo opepuka.

Poyerekeza ndi zida za optoelectronic za nsanjayo, zida zowonera za dalaivala wa T-90M ndizosauka. Tanki yowonetsedwayo sinalandire njira yowonjezera yowunikira masana / usiku, yodziwika kuchokera ku chimodzi mwazosintha za "chiwonetsero" cha T-90AM / MS. M'malo mwa kuyatsa kwamtsogolo kwa LED, kutsogolo kwa fuselage kumayikidwa tandem ya kuwala kowoneka FG-127 ndi kuwala kwa infrared FG-125, kodziwika kwa zaka makumi angapo. Kugwiritsa ntchito kamera yowonera kumbuyo sikunatsimikizidwenso. Ntchito yake, komabe, pamlingo wina ukhoza kuchitidwa ndi makamera a dongosolo loyang'anira nsanjayo.

Pakadali pano, palibe tsatanetsatane wokhudzana ndi kulumikizana kwapamtunda ndi njira zoyankhulirana zomwe zimadziwika. Komabe, zikuoneka kuti T-90M inalandira zida zofanana ndi T-90MS, zomwe zimalola kuti zigwiritse ntchito ma vectronics a digito ndi dongosolo lowongolera moto. Phukusili limaphatikizapo hybrid navigation system yokhala ndi inertial ndi satellite module. Komanso, mauthenga akunja amachokera ku machitidwe a wailesi a Akwieduk, omwe amaikidwanso, kuphatikizapo matanki a T-72B3.

Magalimoto amodzi, mwina ma prototypes, T-90M ndi T-80BVM adatenga nawo gawo pazochita za Zapad-2017.

Makhalidwe amakoka

Ponena za galimoto ya T-90M, kusintha kofunikira kwambiri poyerekeza ndi matembenuzidwe am'mbuyo a "makumi asanu ndi anai" ndi kugwiritsa ntchito dongosolo latsopano la "dalaivala". Miyendo iwiri yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito pa akasinja a Soviet ndi Russia kwa zaka zambiri idasinthidwa ndi chiwongolero cha shuttlecock. Magiya amasintha okha, ngakhale kupitilira pamanja kumasungidwanso. Zosintha zimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kuwongolera thanki. Chifukwa cha mpumulo wa dalaivala, liwiro lapakati ndi mphamvu zake zinawonjezekanso pang'ono. Komabe, palibe chomwe chimanenedwa pochotsa vuto lalikulu la ma gearbox omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka pano, omwe ndi magiya okhawo omwe amalola kubweza pang'onopang'ono.

Mwinamwake, T-90M inalandira mphamvu yofanana ndi T-72B3. Iyi ndi injini ya dizilo ya W-92S2F (yomwe kale imadziwika kuti W-93). Poyerekeza ndi W-92S2, mphamvu zotulutsa zolemetsa zawonjezeka kuchokera ku 736 kW / 1000 hp. mpaka 831 kW/1130 hp ndi torque kuchokera 3920 mpaka 4521 Nm. Kusintha kwa mapangidwe kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mapampu atsopano ndi ma nozzles, ndodo zolumikizira zolimba ndi crankshaft. Dongosolo loziziritsa ndi zosefera m'dongosolo lakudya zasinthidwanso.

Kulemera kwankhondo kwamakono "makumi asanu ndi anayi" kumatsimikiziridwa ndi matani 46,5. Ichi ndi tani imodzi ndi theka yocheperapo ya T-90AM / MS. Ngati chiwerengerochi ndi cholondola, ndiye kuti kulemera kwake ndi 17,9 kW / t (24,3 hp / t).

Mphamvu yamagetsi ya T-90M imachokera ku mayankho opangidwira T-72, chifukwa chake sikusintha mwachangu. Masiku ano izi ndizovuta kwambiri. Kukonza kumatenga nthawi yayitali ngati injini yalephera kapena kufalikira.

Kufunika kwa magetsi pamene injini yazimitsidwa imaperekedwa ndi jenereta yowonjezera mphamvu. Monga T-90MS, imayikidwa mu fuselage yakumbuyo, kumanzere kwa alumali. Ichi mwina ndi chipangizo cholembedwa kuti DGU7-P27,5WM1 chokhala ndi mphamvu ya 7 kW.

Chifukwa cha kulemera kwa thanki poyerekeza ndi T-90A, kuyimitsidwa kwa T-90M kunali koyenera kwambiri. Pankhani ya T-90MS yofanana kwambiri, zosinthazo zinali kugwiritsa ntchito mawilo amisewu atsopano okhala ndi mayendedwe ndi ma hydraulic shock absorbers. Njira yatsopano ya mbozi idayambitsidwanso, yolumikizidwa ndi thanki ya Armata. Ngati pakufunika, maulalowo akhoza kuikidwa zipewa za rabara kuti muchepetse phokoso ndi kugwedezeka mukamayendetsa pamalo olimba komanso kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa msewu.

Kuwona kumbuyo kwa T-90M pachiwonetsero cha Purezidenti wa Russia Vladimir Putin ku bwalo la maphunziro a Luga.

Chidule

Kukula kwa T-90M ndi gawo lotsatira la pulogalamu yanthawi yayitali yosinthira zida zankhondo zaku Russia. Kufunika kwake kumatsimikiziridwa ndi malipoti ofalitsidwa posachedwapa a kuchepetsedwa kwa madongosolo a magalimoto amtundu watsopano wa T-14 Armata ndipo akukonzekera kuyang'ana pa zamakono za akasinja akale omwe ali kale pamzere wa Soviet Union.

Sizikudziwikabe ngati mgwirizano ndi UVZ ukukhudza kumangidwanso kwa "makumi asanu ndi anayi" muutumiki kapena kumanga zatsopano. Njira yoyamba imaperekedwa ndi malipoti am'mbuyomu. Kwenikweni, zimatengera kusintha nsanja za T-90 / T-90A ndi zatsopano, ndipo tanthauzo la izi ndilokayikitsa. Ngakhale njira zina zatha kale, m'malo mwa ma turrets oyambilira sikufunika kwakanthawi kochepa. Komabe, sizingathetsedwe kwathunthu. Kusintha kwamakono kwa akasinja angapo a T-80BV zaka zingapo zapitazo kungakhale chitsanzo. Ma turrets a T-80UD adayikidwa pamakina a makinawa (amawonedwa ngati osadalirika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito injini za dizilo za 6TD zomwe sizinapangidwe ku Russia). Akasinja amakono anaikidwa mu utumiki pansi pa dzina T-80UE-1.

Kwa zaka zingapo, Gulu Lankhondo la Russian Federation silinangokhala lamakono, komanso likukulitsidwa. Pankhani ya chitukuko cha zida zankhondo komanso kulengeza kwa malire a Armata, kupanga ma T-90M atsopano kukuwoneka ngati kotheka.

Chithunzi cha T-80BVM

Pachiwonetsero chomwecho monga T-90M, T-80BVM inaperekedwanso kwa nthawi yoyamba. Ili ndilo lingaliro laposachedwa la kusinthika kwamitundu yambiri ya "eighties" yomwe ili ndi zida zankhondo zaku Russia. Zosintha zam'mbuyomu za T-80B / BV, i.e. Magalimoto a T-80BA ndi T-80UE-1 adalowa ntchito zochepa. Kukula kwa zovuta za T-80BVM ndi mapangano omwe adasainidwa kale zimatsimikizira kuti gulu lankhondo la Russian Federation silikufuna kusiya magalimoto a banja ili. Malinga ndi zilengezo, akasinja okwezedwa adzayamba kupita ku 4th Guards Kantemirovskaya Tank Division, pogwiritsa ntchito "XNUMX", komanso mumtundu wa UD.

T-80BVM pachiwonetsero chotsagana ndi zochitika za Zapad-2017. Chophimba cha rabara cholimbikitsidwa chimayimitsidwa kutsogolo kwa fuselage, mofanana ndi yankho lomwe linagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Polish PT-91.

Kusintha kwamakono kwa mazana angapo (mwinamwake pa gawo loyamba la pulogalamu ya 300) T-80B / BV inalengezedwa kumapeto kwa chaka chatha. Zopereka zazikulu za ntchitozi ndikubweretsa pamlingo

mu akufanana ndi T-72B3. Pofuna kuonjezera chitetezo, zida zazikulu za T-80BVM zinali ndi ma modules a Rielikt rocket shield mu 2S23 ndi 2S24. Thankiyo idalandiranso zowonera za mizere. Zili kumbali ndi kumbuyo kwa chipinda choyendetsa galimoto komanso zimateteza kumbuyo kwa turret.

The zida waukulu thanki ndi 125 mamilimita 2A46M-1 mfuti. Palibe chidziwitso chokhudza mapulani opangira T-80BVM ndi mfuti zamakono za 2A46M-4, zomwe ndi analogue ya 2A46M-5, yosinthidwa kuti igwire ntchito ndi "XNUMX" yotsegula.

Galimoto imatha kuwombera mizinga yoyendetsedwa ndi Riefleks. Makina otsegulira amasinthidwa kukhala zida zamakono zokhala ndi cholowera chotalikirapo.

Ma T-80B/BV oyambilira anali ndi zida zowongolera moto za 1A33 ndi zida zowongolera za 9K112 Kobra. Mayankho awa adayimira luso lazaka za m'ma 70 ndipo tsopano akuwoneka kuti ndi osatha. Chovuta choonjezera chinali kukonza zipangizo zomwe sizinapangidwe kwa nthawi yaitali. Choncho, anaganiza kuti T-80BVM adzalandira zosiyanasiyana Kalina SKO. Monga mu T-90M, wowomberayo ali ndi maso a Sosna-U komanso PDT yothandizira. Chochititsa chidwi, mosiyana ndi T-90M, matupi a lens alibe zophimba zakutali.

T-80BVM turret yokhala ndi mitu yowoneka bwino ya Sosna-U ndi PDT. Imodzi mwamatepi a Rielikt imakopa chidwi. Dongosololi liyenera kuwongolera kutera ndi kutsika kwa dalaivala.

Mofanana ndi T-72B3, udindo wa mtsogoleriyo unasiyidwa ndi turret yozungulira ndi chipangizo chosavuta cha TNK-3M. Izi zimachepetsa mphamvu ya wolamulira kuyang'anira chilengedwe,

Komabe, ndizotsika mtengo kwambiri kuposa kukhazikitsa chowonera panoramic.

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kuti atsogolere amakono anali m'malo mauthenga. Ambiri mwina, monga mu nkhani ya T-72B3 wamakono "makumi asanu ndi atatu" analandira wailesi ya dongosolo Akviduk.

Akuti akasinja okweza adzalandira injini turboshaft mu mtundu GTD-1250TF, amene m'malo mtundu wakale GTD-1000TF. Mphamvu idakwera kuchoka pa 809 kW/1100 hp mpaka 920 kW/1250 hp Zimanenedwa kuti njira yogwiritsira ntchito injini yakhazikitsidwa, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha kuyendetsa jenereta yamagetsi. Izi ndizofunikira kuti muchepetse kufooka kwakukulu kwa turbine drive, mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ambiri panthawi yopanda ntchito.

Malinga ndi chidziwitso cha boma, kulemera kwa nkhondo ya T-80BVM kwawonjezeka kufika matani 46, i.e. adafika pamlingo wa T-80U / UD. Mphamvu ya unit pankhaniyi ndi 20 kW / t (27,2 hp / t). Chifukwa cha turbine drive, T-80BVM ikadali ndi mwayi wowonekera potengera mawonekedwe amakokedwe kuposa T-90 yokwezedwa.