Ufulu, liwiro, chinyezi chamagetsi

Ndi kukokomeza pang'ono, atolankhani amalemba za Estonia yaying'ono ngati dziko lomwe, mothandizidwa ndi matekinoloje amakono, lathetsa maulamuliro, makamaka kupanga dziko la digito. Ngakhale tikudziwanso za kuchotsedwa kwa mapepala (1) poyambitsa njira zothetsera intaneti, kutsimikizika kwa digito ndi siginecha zamagetsi zochokera ku Poland, Estonia yapita patsogolo kwambiri.

Zolemba zamankhwala? Ku Estonia, akhala pa intaneti kwa nthawi yayitali. Ndi City Hall? Palibe funso loyima pamzere. Kulembetsa ndi kuchotsedwa kwa galimoto? Pa intaneti kwathunthu. Estonia yapanga nsanja imodzi pazinthu zonse zovomerezeka kutengera kutsimikizika kwamagetsi ndi ma signature a digito.

Komabe, ngakhale ku Estonia pali zinthu zomwe sizingatheke pakompyuta. Izi zikuphatikizapo ukwati, chisudzulo, ndi kusamutsa katundu. Osati chifukwa mwaukadaulo zosatheka. Boma lidangoganiza kuti pamilandu iyi ndikofunikira kukaonekera pamaso pa munthu wina wake.

Digital Estonia ikusintha nthawi zonse ndikuwonjezera ma e-services atsopano. Kuyambira masika a chaka chino, mwachitsanzo, makolo a mwana wakhanda sayenera kuchita chilichonse kuti alembetse kukhala nzika yatsopano - osalowa mudongosolo, kapena kudzaza mafomu pa intaneti, kapena kutsimikizira chilichonse ndi EDS. . Mbadwa zawo zimangolowetsedwa mu kaundula wa anthu ndipo amalandila imelo yolandila nzika yatsopanoyo.

Marten Kaevac, imodzi mwa mabungwe ofunikira kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta, ikunenanso kuti cholinga cha boma la Estonia ndi kupanga dongosolo lothandizira nzika zake popanda kulepheretsa. Monga akufotokozera, ntchito yamtsogolo ya "boma losaoneka" ili, mwachitsanzo, likhoza kuwoneka ngati Estonian watsopano atabadwa, palibe kholo lomwe liyenera "kukonza chirichonse" - palibe tchuthi cha amayi, palibe phindu la chikhalidwe cha anthu ku commune, palibe malo. ku nazale kapena ku nazale.kusukulu. Zonsezi ziyenera "zichitika" kwathunthu basi.

Kukhulupirirana kumachita gawo lalikulu pomanga dziko la digito, lopanda mabungwe. Anthu a ku Estonia amamva bwino za dziko lawo kusiyana ndi anthu ambiri padziko lapansi, ngakhale kuti machitidwe awo amakhudzidwa ndi zochitika zakunja, makamaka zochokera ku Russia.

Zokumana nazo zomvetsa chisoni za cyberattack yayikulu yomwe adakumana nayo mu 2007 mwina ndi kukumbukira kowawa, komanso phunziro lomwe adaphunzirapo zambiri. Atatha kukonza chitetezo ndi njira zotetezera digito, sakuopanso nkhanza za cyber.

Iwo saopanso boma lawo monga momwe amachitira madera ena ambiri, ngakhale kuti Mulungu amawateteza. Nzika zaku Estonia zimatha kuwunika nthawi zonse deta yawo pa intaneti ndikuwunika ngati ali ndi mwayi wopeza mabungwe aboma kapena makampani apadera.

Blockchain akuyang'ana Estonia

Mzere wa e-estonia system (2) ndi pulogalamu yotsegulira X-Road, njira yosinthira zidziwitso yomwe imalumikiza ma database osiyanasiyana. Msana wapagulu uwu wadongosolo la digito la Estonia uli mkati blockchain () amatchedwa KSI, kuti. Unyolowu nthawi zina umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mabungwe ena monga US department of Defense.

- kunena oimira akuluakulu a Estonian. -

Kugwiritsa ntchito buku logawidwa lomwe silingachotsedwe kapena kusinthidwa ndiye chinsinsi chakuchita bwino kwa dongosolo la X-Road. Izi zimapereka nzika zaku Estonia kuwongolera zambiri pazambiri zawo, ndikuchepetsa kusokonezedwa ndi akuluakulu apakati.

Mwachitsanzo, aphunzitsi atha kulemba magiredi mu kaundula wa munthu wina, koma sangathe kupeza zolemba zawo zachipatala mudongosolo. Njira zosefera mosamalitsa ndi zoletsa zilipo. Ngati wina awona kapena kulandira munthu wina popanda chilolezo, akhoza kukhala ndi mlandu malinga ndi malamulo a ku Estonia. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito kwa akuluakulu aboma.

Mulimonsemo, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku e-Estonia imawonedwa ndi akatswiri ambiri kukhala lingaliro labwino lolimbana ndi utsogoleri. Kugwiritsa ntchito encrypted blockchain kumatha kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito apakati.

kupambana, mwachitsanzo kufulumizitsa kusonkhanitsa zolembedwa kuchokera kumagulu ambiri a boma omwe alibe machitidwe ogwirizana kapena maubwenzi apamtima a bungwe. Mutha kuzikonda izi onjezerani ndondomeko za siled ndi zovutamonga kupereka chilolezo ndi kulembetsa. Kusinthana chidziwitso pakati pa mabungwe a boma ndi mabungwe apadera - mu ntchito zothandizira, malipiro a inshuwaransi, kafukufuku wamankhwala kapena kulengeza, muzochitika zamitundu yosiyanasiyana - zimasintha kwambiri ubwino wa ntchito kwa nzika.

Mlongo wa boma, woyipa kwambiri kuposa mayi wosabereka yemwe ali ndi madesiki ndi mapepala, ndi ziphuphu. Zadziwika kale kuti blockchain ingathandizenso kuchepetsa. Mgwirizano wodziwika bwino kumvekangati amadana naye kotheratu, ndiye kuti amalepheretsa kwambiri kubisa zinthu zokayikitsa.

Zambiri zaku Estonia zomwe zidachitika kugwa komaliza zikuwonetsa kuti pafupifupi 100% yamakadi a ID m'dzikolo ndi a digito, ndipo gawo lofananalo limaperekedwa ndi mankhwala. Ntchito zosiyanasiyana zoperekedwa ndi kuphatikiza matekinoloje ndi zomangamanga zamagulu a anthu () zakula kwambiri. Ntchito zoyambira zikuphatikiza: ndi-vote -vote, utumiki wa msonkho wamagetsi - m'malo onse okhala ndi ofesi yamisonkho, Bizinesi yamagetsi - pazinthu zokhudzana ndi kachitidwe ka bizinesi, kapena tikiti ya e-e - kugulitsa matikiti. Anthu aku Estonia amatha kuvota kulikonse padziko lapansi, kusaina ndi kutumiza zikalata mosatetezeka, mafomu amisonkho, ndi zina zotero. Ndalama zomwe zasungidwa potsatira dongosololi zikuyerekezeredwa pa 2% ya CLC.

600 kuyambitsa VPs

Komabe, akatswiri ambiri amanena kuti zimene zimagwira ntchito m’dziko laling’ono, lolinganizidwa bwino ndi lophatikizana siziyenera kugwira ntchito m’maiko akuluakulu monga Poland, osasiyapo zimphona zosiyanasiyana ndi zazikulu monga United States kapena India.

Mayiko ambiri akutenga ntchito za digito za boma. Ponse paŵiri ku Poland ndi padziko lonse palinso oŵerengeka a iwo pankhani imeneyi. zoyeserera zomwe si zaboma. Chitsanzo ndi polojekiti (3), yomwe idapangidwa pafupifupi zaka khumi zapitazo ndipo ikukhudza, makamaka, kufufuza njira zothetsera mavuto aukadaulo ndi kulumikizana okhudzana ndi magwiridwe antchito a maulamuliro ndi maofesi.

Ena "akatswiri" akhoza, ndithudi, kutsutsana ndi kutsimikizika kosagwedezeka kuti maulamuliro ndi osapeŵeka komanso ofunikira pa ntchito yovuta ya mabungwe ovuta m'madera ovuta. Komabe, sizingatsutsidwe kuti kukula kwake kwakukulu m'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi kwadzetsa zotsatira zoipa pa chuma chonse.

Mwachitsanzo, Gary Hamel ndi Michelle Zanini adalemba za izi m'nkhani yomwe idasindikizidwa chaka chatha cha Harvard Business Review. Ananena kuti pakati pa 1948 ndi 2004, ntchito zopanda ndalama za ku United States zinawonjezeka ndi 2,5% pachaka, koma pambuyo pake zinangowonjezera 1,1 peresenti. Olembawo amakhulupirira kuti izi sizinangochitika mwangozi. Bureaucracy imakhala yowawa kwambiri m'makampani akuluakulu omwe amalamulira chuma cha US. Pakadali pano, opitilira gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a ogwira ntchito ku US amagwira ntchito m'mabizinesi omwe amalemba anthu opitilira 5. pa avareji mpaka magawo asanu ndi atatu a kasamalidwe.

Oyambitsa ku America sakhala ovomerezeka, koma ngakhale atolankhani akufalitsa, alibe kufunikira kwachuma mdziko muno. Ndiponso, akamakula, iwo eniwo amachitiridwa nkhanza. Olembawo amatchula chitsanzo cha kampani ya IT yomwe ikukula mofulumira yomwe, pamene malonda ake a pachaka anafika $ 4 biliyoni, adatha "kukula" ochuluka mpaka mazana asanu ndi limodzi a pulezidenti. Monga chitsanzo, Hamel ndi Zanini amafotokoza momveka bwino ntchito ya wopanga zida zamagetsi zaku China ndi zida zapanyumba za Haier, zomwe zimapewa kuwongolera mwadongosolo komanso bwino. Akuluakulu ake adagwiritsa ntchito njira zosazolowereka zamabungwe komanso udindo wonse wa antchito masauzande onse kwa kasitomala.

Inde, maudindo a akuluakulu ndi a gulu la maudindo oopsa. zochita zokha zokha. Komabe, mosiyana ndi ntchito zina, sitidandaula za ulova pakati pawo. Tikuyembekezerabe kuti m'kupita kwa nthawi dziko lathu lidzawoneka ngati e-Estonia, osati ngati Republic of bureaucratic yomwe yakhala ikugwira ntchito zake.