Spark plug: osati kungoyaka chabe
Chofunikira cha spark plug mu injini yoyatsira moto chikuwoneka chodziwikiratu. Ichi ndi chipangizo chosavuta chomwe gawo lofunika kwambiri ndi maelekitirodi awiri pakati pake pomwe nsonga yoyatsira imalumphira. Ochepa a ife tikudziwa kuti mu injini zamakono, spark plug yapeza ntchito yatsopano.
Injini zamakono zimayendetsedwa pafupifupi pakompyuta. Mtsogoleri, 
omwe amadziwika kuti "kompyuta" amasonkhanitsa deta zambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa unit (tikutchula apa, choyamba, kuthamanga kwa crankshaft, mlingo wa "kukankhira" pa gasi, kuthamanga kwa mpweya ndi mumlengalenga. kudya mochuluka, kutentha kwa ozizira, mafuta ndi mpweya, komanso mapangidwe a mpweya wotulutsa mpweya mu dongosolo la utsi asanayambe kapena atatha kuyeretsa ndi otembenuza catalytic), ndiyeno, poyerekeza ndi zomwe zasungidwa kukumbukira, amalamula malamulo. kumakina owongolera kuyatsa ndi jekeseni wamafuta, komanso malo a damper ya mpweya. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kung'anima ndi kuchuluka kwamafuta pamayendedwe amunthu aliyense kuyenera kukhala koyenera malinga ndi magwiridwe antchito, chuma ndi chilengedwe nthawi iliyonse ya injini.
WERENGANISO
Kuwala mapulagi
Masewerawa ndi ofunika kandulo
Pakati pazidziwitso zofunika kuwongolera kuyendetsa bwino kwa injini, palinso chidziwitso cha kukhalapo (kapena kusapezeka) kwa kuyaka kwa detonation. Kusakaniza kwamafuta a mpweya komwe kuli kale m'chipinda choyaka moto pamwamba pa pisitoni kuyenera kuyaka mwachangu koma pang'onopang'ono, kuchokera pa spark plug kupita kumadera akutali a chipinda choyaka. Ngati kusakaniza kumayaka chonse, mwachitsanzo, "kuphulika", mphamvu ya injini (ie, mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu yomwe ili mumafuta) imatsika kwambiri, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo, katundu pazigawo zofunika kwambiri za injini amawonjezeka, zingayambitse kulephera. Choncho, kuphulika kosalekeza kosalekeza sikuyenera kuloledwa, koma, kumbali ina, kuyatsa pompopompo ndi mapangidwe a mafuta osakanikirana ndi mpweya ayenera kukhala kotero kuti kuyaka kumakhala pafupi ndi kuphulika kumeneku.
Choncho, kwa zaka zingapo tsopano, injini zamakono zili ndi otchedwa. kugunda sensor. M'mawonekedwe achikhalidwe, iyi ndi maikolofoni apadera omwe, atalowetsedwa mu chipika cha injini, amangoyankha kunjenjemera komwe kumayenderana ndi kuyaka kwanthawi zonse. Sensa imatumiza zidziwitso za kugogoda komwe kungachitike pakompyuta ya injini, yomwe imachita ndikusintha poyatsira kuti kugogoda kusachitike.
Komabe, kuzindikira kuyaka kwa detonation kumatha kuchitidwa mwanjira ina. Kale mu 1988, kampani ya ku Sweden ya Saab inayambitsa kupanga gawo lopanda magetsi lotchedwa Saab Direct Ignition (SDI) mu chitsanzo cha 9000. Mu yankho ili, spark plug iliyonse imakhala ndi coil yake yoyatsira yomwe imapangidwira mutu wa silinda, ndi "kompyuta". ” amadyetsa zizindikiro zowongolera zokha. Choncho, m'dongosolo lino, poyatsira moto akhoza kukhala osiyana (mulingo woyenera) pa silinda iliyonse.
Komabe, chofunikira kwambiri pamakina otere ndi momwe pulagi iliyonse imagwiritsidwira ntchito ikakhala kuti sikupanga moto woyaka (nthawi ya spark ndi ma microseconds makumi angapo pamayendedwe opangira, ndipo, mwachitsanzo, pa 6000 rpm, injini imodzi. ntchito yozungulira ndi masekondi mazana awiri). Zinapezeka kuti maelekitirodi omwewo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyeza ma ion akuyenda pakati pawo. Apa, chodabwitsa cha kudzikonda ionization mafuta ndi mpweya mamolekyu pa kuyaka kwa mtengo pamwamba pisitoni anagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ma ion olekanitsa (ma electron aulere okhala ndi charger yoyipa) ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi mtengo wabwino timalola kuti pakali pano kuyenda pakati pa maelekitirodi omwe amayikidwa muchipinda choyaka moto, ndipo izi zitha kuyeza.
Nkofunika kuzindikira kuti mlingo anasonyeza mpweya ionization mu chipinda 
kuyaka kumadalira magawo oyatsa, i.e. makamaka pa kuthamanga panopa ndi kutentha. Choncho, mtengo wa ion panopa uli ndi mfundo zofunika zokhudza kuyaka.
Deta yoyambira yomwe idapezedwa ndi Saab SDI system idapereka chidziwitso chokhudza kugogoda ndi zolakwika zomwe zingatheke, komanso idalola kuti nthawi yoyatsira moto idziwike. M'zochita, dongosololi linapereka deta yodalirika kuposa njira yowonongeka yomwe imakhala ndi chikhalidwe chogogoda, komanso inali yotsika mtengo.
Panopa, otchedwa Distributionless dongosolo ndi koyilo munthu pa yamphamvu iliyonse yamphamvu ntchito kwambiri, ndipo makampani ambiri kale muyeso ion panopa kusonkhanitsa zambiri zokhudza kuyaka mu injini. Machitidwe oyatsira omwe amasinthidwa ndi izi amaperekedwa ndi ogulitsa injini zofunika kwambiri. Zikuwonekeranso kuti kuwunika momwe injini ikuyaka mu injini poyesa ma ion pakali pano ikhoza kukhala njira yofunikira yophunzirira momwe injini ikugwirira ntchito munthawi yeniyeni. Zimakulolani kuti muzindikire mwachindunji osati kuyaka kosayenera kokha, komanso kudziwa kukula ndi malo (owerengedwa mu madigiri a kuzungulira kwa crankshaft) ya kuthamanga kwenikweni kwakukulu pamwamba pa pisitoni. Mpaka pano, kuyeza koteroko sikunali kotheka mu injini zosawerengeka. Pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yoyenera, chifukwa cha deta iyi, ndizotheka kuwongolera molondola kuyatsa ndi jekeseni mumtundu wambiri wa katundu wa injini ndi kutentha, komanso kusintha magawo ogwiritsira ntchito unit kuti agwirizane ndi mafuta enaake.
