Kodi ndisinthe mafuta a injini yanga yozizira isanakwane?
Mafuta agalimoto amtundu umodzi ndi zinthu zakale. Zikadapanda kutero, masitolo okonza magalimoto okhala ndi chisanu choyamba akadazunguliridwa, osati chifukwa cha kusintha kwa matayala, komanso chifukwa chofuna kusintha mafuta a injini kukhala nyengo yachisanu. Panopa, opanga magalimoto amalangiza kusintha injini mafuta pambuyo chiwerengero cha makilomita kapena kamodzi pachaka. Kodi zolangizidwa "kamodzi pachaka" zikutanthauza kuti ndizofunikira nthawi zonse kuzisintha nyengo yachisanu isanakwane?
Chitsimikizo cha kuyendetsa kosavuta komanso kotetezeka m'nyengo yozizira - umu ndi momwe wopanga mafuta adalengezera mu 30s 
Anthu. Mobiloil Arctic, yomwe inkaperekedwa kwa madalaivala panthawiyo, inali mafuta amtundu wa mono-grade omwe ankayenera kusinthidwa pamene nyengo zikusintha. Monga momwe mungawerenge m'malo osungiramo magalimoto, mafutawa adasinthidwa mwapadera kuti agwirizane ndi momwe ntchito ya injini yachisanu ikuyendera. Ubwino wake pa mpikisanowo unali wakuti, ngakhale kuti nyengo yake yachisanu ndi yozizira, imayenera kupereka chitetezo chabwino kwambiri cha injini yotentha. Kutetezedwa kotheratu ngakhale pa 400 degrees Fahrenheit (pafupifupi 200 ° C), nyuzipepala za ku New York zinatero mu 1933. Masiku ano, mafuta agalimoto omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu injini zamasewera ayenera kupirira kutentha mpaka 300 ° C - monga mafuta a Mobil 1 m'magalimoto a "Vodafone McLaren Mercedes".
Kusankhidwa kwa mafuta a injini yamtundu woyenera kumakhudza kwambiri kayendetsedwe ka galimoto m'nyengo yozizira. Pachifukwa ichi, mafuta opangira mafuta amaposa mafuta a semi-synthetic ndi mineral. Kwa awiri otsiriza, kusintha mafuta nyengo yozizira isanayambe kungakhale chisankho chanzeru. Mafuta a injini amataya magawo ake ndi kilomita iliyonse yoyenda. Zimawonetsedwa ndi kutentha kwambiri komanso okosijeni. Zotsatira zake ndikusintha kwa physico-chemical properties. Izi zimagwiranso ntchito kuzinthu zochepetsera kutentha, zomwe kuyendetsa bwino kwa galimoto yathu kumadalira m'nyengo yozizira, chifukwa mafuta opangira mafutawa amasintha pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mafuta amasunga mphamvu zake motalika.
Kodi kuchita mdima kwa mafutawo kukutanthauza kuti akutaya katundu wake?
Kuwunika kuyenerera kwamafuta a injini kumabwera ndi nthano zosachepera ziwiri. Choyamba, ngati mafuta a injini asanduka mdima, ndi nthawi yoti muganizire zosintha. Nthano yachiwiri yodziwika bwino pakati pa madalaivala ndi yoti mafuta agalimoto sakalamba m'galimoto yosagwiritsidwa ntchito. Tsoka ilo, kupezeka kwa mpweya (oxygen) ndi condensation ya nthunzi yamadzi kumasintha kwambiri mafuta otsala mu injini yopanda ntchito. M'malo mwake, mafuta amasintha mtundu wawo pamtunda wa makilomita makumi angapo pambuyo pakusintha. Izi ndi chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa komwe sikunachotsedwe ndi mafuta akale, komanso kuipitsidwa komwe kunapangidwa panthawi ya kuyaka, akufotokoza Przemysław Szczepaniak, katswiri wa mafuta opangira magalimoto a ExxonMobil.
Chifukwa chiyani kusankha mafuta opangira?
Ngati malingaliro a wopanga galimoto amalola, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta opangira, omwe angateteze bwino injini m'nyengo yozizira. Mafuta opangira amakono amafika mwachangu ku korona wa piston, ma conrod end bearings, ndi malo ena opaka mafuta akutali galimoto ikangoyambika. Synthetic ndiye mtsogoleri wosatsutsika, ndipo mpikisano wake ndi mafuta amchere; pa kutentha kochepa, amafunikira masekondi angapo kuti ateteze zida zonse za injini. Kupaka mafuta osakwanira kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwakukulu komwe sikumawonekera nthawi zonse koma kumawonekera pakapita nthawi monga, mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ambiri a injini, kupanikizika kochepa komanso kutaya mphamvu kwa injini. Popanda kuyenda kwamafuta, kukangana kwachitsulo ndi chitsulo m'mabeya kumatha kuwononga injini poyambira.
Kusunga madzimadzi amafuta pa kutentha kochepa kumapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kuyambitsa injini komanso kumapereka kutentha kwabwinoko. Choncho, ngati timasamala za chitetezo chabwino cha injini m'nyengo yozizira, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta opangira mafuta ndipo, koposa zonse, kutsatira kusintha kwautumiki. Choncho, tidzakhala otsimikiza kuti mafuta adzasunga katundu wake, omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri pazochitika zovuta zogwirira ntchito. Ndipo tidzaonongedwa ichi m’miyezi yachisanu.
