Starter sikugwira ntchito

Poyendetsa magalimoto, mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wa injini yomwe imayikidwa, vuto lodziwika bwino ndi kulephera kwa sitata, chifukwa chake n'zosatheka kuyambitsa injini itatha kuyatsa. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, choyambitsa galimoto sichimayankha pamene fungulo likutembenuzidwa poyatsira. Zikatero, mutatha kutembenuza fungulo, m'malo motembenuza crankshaft ya injini yoyaka moto, choyambitsa chimakhala chete, chimangolira kapena kugunda, koma sichiyambitsa injini. Kenako, tikambirana za zovuta zazikulu, pamene choyambitsa sichichita mwanjira iliyonse kutembenuza fungulo mu kuyatsa, komanso zifukwa zina zomwe zingayambitse kulephera kwa choyambitsa.

Chifukwa chiyani choyambitsa sichikugwira ntchito?

Galimoto yoyambira galimoto ndi injini yamagetsi yoyendetsedwa ndi batire yopangidwira kuyambitsa injini yamafuta kapena dizilo. Chifukwa chake, chipangizochi chimadziwika ndi zolephera zamakina komanso zovuta zamagawo operekera mphamvu kapena zovuta mdera lolumikizana. Ngati choyambitsa galimoto sichikuyankha kutembenuza makiyi pakuyatsa ndipo sichikumveka (ndi zovuta zina, choyambira chimangodina kapena kulira), ndiye kuti mayeso ayenera kuyamba ndi izi:

• kudziwa kukhulupirika kwa mtengo wa batri (batire);
• kuzindikira gulu lolumikizana la chosinthira choyatsira;
• onani ma traction relay (retractor)
• yang'anani machitidwe a bendix ndi choyambira chokha;

Gulu lolumikizana ndi chosinthira choyatsira litha kuyang'aniridwa mwachangu kwambiri. Kuti muchite izi, ingolowetsani kiyi ndikuyatsa kuyatsa. Kuwunikira kwa zisonyezo pa dashboard kudzawonetsa momveka bwino kuti gawo loyatsira likugwira ntchito, ndiye kuti, cholakwika chosinthira choyatsira chiyenera kukonzedwa pokhapokha ngati zizindikiro zomwe zawonetsedwa pa dashboard zimatuluka mutatembenuza kiyi.

Ngati mukukayikira batri, zimakhala zokwanira kuyatsa miyeso kapena nyali zakutsogolo, ndikuwunikanso kuwunikira kwa mababu pa bolodi, ndi zina zambiri. Kuthekera kwakukulu kwa kutulutsa kwamphamvu kwa batri. Muyeneranso kuyang'ana malo a batri ndi pansi pa thupi kapena injini. Kusalumikizana kokwanira kapena kusowa pazigawo zapansi kapena mawaya kungayambitse kutayikira kwambiri. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, woyambitsa sadzakhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira kuchokera ku batri kuti ayambe injini.

Chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa ku chingwe "choipa" chomwe chimachokera ku batri ndikugwirizanitsa ndi thupi la galimoto. Vuto lofala ndiloti kukhudzana ndi nthaka sikungatheke nthawi zonse, koma pafupipafupi. Kuthetsa izo, Ndi bwino kusagwirizana pansi pa mfundo ubwenzi ndi thupi, kuyeretsa kukhudzana bwino ndiyeno kuyesa kuyambitsanso injini.

Kuti muwone batire yagalimoto ndi manja anu, muyenera kuchotsa chotchinga choyipa, kenako voteji pa batire yotulutsa imayesedwa ndi multimeter. Mtengo womwe uli pansi pa 9V uwonetsa kuti batire ndiyotsika ndipo ikufunika kuyitanidwanso.

Kudina kwamakhalidwe poyesa kuyambitsa injini, komanso kutsagana ndi kutsika kowoneka bwino kwa kuwala kapena kuzimitsa kwathunthu kwa nyali pa dashboard, zikuwonetsa kuti cholumikizira cha solenoid chikudina. Relay yotchulidwayo imatha kudina zonse pakatha batire, komanso chifukwa cha kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa retractor kapena Starter.

Zifukwa zina zomwe woyambitsayo sangayankhe pakuyatsa kuyatsa

Nthawi zina, pali zovuta zotsutsana ndi kuba zagalimoto (alamu yagalimoto, immobilizer). Machitidwe otere amangolepheretsa kupereka kwa magetsi kwa oyambitsa pambuyo pa disassembly. Pa nthawi yomweyo, diagnostics kusonyeza operability zonse batire, kulankhula mphamvu ndi zinthu zina za zida zamagetsi nawo kuyambitsa injini kuchokera sitata. Kuti mutsimikizire molondola, ndikofunikira kupereka mphamvu molunjika kuchokera ku batri kupita koyambira, ndiko kuti, kudutsa machitidwe ena. Ngati choyambitsacho chikugwira ntchito, pali mwayi waukulu kuti makina odana ndi kuba kapena immobilizer alephera.

Chinthu chotsatira chomwe muyenera kuyang'ana ndi electromagnetic relay. Pakakhala kuwonongeka, woyambitsa akhoza:

• khalani chete, ndiye kuti, musapangitse phokoso mutatha kutembenuza fungulo la "kuyamba";
• kung'ung'udza ndi mpukutu, koma osayambitsa injini;
• kanikizani kangapo kapena kamodzi osasuntha crankshaft;

Bendix ndi retractor

Zizindikiro zomwe zili pamwambazi zikuwonetsa kuti kusagwira ntchitoko kumapezeka mu retractor relay kapena bendix sichita nawo flywheel. Dziwani kuti pankhani ya Bendix, chizindikiro chodziwika bwino ndikuti choyambira chimayamba ndipo sichiyambitsa injini. Komanso chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha choyambitsa choyipa ndichakuti choyambira chimang'ung'udza koma sichiyambitsa injini.

Kuti muyese ma traction relay, ikani mphamvu ya batri pagawo lamagetsi lopatsirana. Ngati injini iyamba kupota, ndiye kuti choyambira cha retractor ndi chopanda pake. Kuwonongeka pafupipafupi - kutopa kwa nickel kuchokera kwa omwe amalumikizana nawo. Kuti muchotse, muyenera kuchotsa cholumikizira kuti muchotse ma nickel. Pambuyo pa disassembly, muyenera kukhala okonzeka kuti mulowe m'malo mwachangu, chifukwa pa fakitale zolumikizira zimakutidwa ndi chitetezo chapadera chomwe chimalepheretsa moto pakugwira ntchito. Peeling zikutanthauza kuti wosanjikiza wachotsedwa, kotero n'zovuta kudziwiratu nthawi kuotcha retractor ndalama.

Tsopano tiyeni tiyang'ane pa thunthu bendix. Bendix ndi giya momwe torque imafalikira kuchokera koyambira kupita ku flywheel. Bendix imayikidwa pamtunda womwewo ngati rotor yoyambira. Kuti mumvetsetse bwino, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa momwe choyambira chimagwirira ntchito. Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ndi yakuti mutatha kutembenuza kiyi yoyatsira pamalo "poyamba", zamakono zimaperekedwa ku ma electromagnetic relay. Retractor imatumiza magetsi kumayendedwe oyambira, chifukwa chake bendix (giya) imagwira ntchito ndi mphete ya flywheel (mphete ya flywheel). Mwanjira ina, pali kuphatikiza kwa magiya awiri osamutsa torque yoyambira kupita ku flywheel.

Pambuyo poyambitsa injini (crankshaft imayamba kuyendayenda yokha), pamene choyambira chikugwira ntchito, fungulo muzitsulo loyatsira limaponyedwa kunja, mphamvu yamagetsi yopita ku traction relay imasiya kuyenda. Kusapezeka kwa voteji kumabweretsa kuti retractor imachotsa bendex kuchokera ku flywheel, chifukwa chomwe choyambira chimasiya kupota.

Kuvala kwa zida za bendix kumatanthauza kusowa kwa kulumikizana kwabwinobwino ndi zida za mphete ya flywheel. Pachifukwa ichi, phokoso la phokoso likhoza kumveka pamene injini ikugwedezeka, ndipo choyambitsa chimatha kusinthasintha momasuka popanda kuyanjana ndi kung'ung'udza. Zofananazi zimachitika pamene mano a mphete ya flywheel atavala. Kukonza kumaphatikizapo kumasula choyambira kuti chilowe m'malo mwa bendix ndi/kapena kuchotsa chotumizira kuti chilowe m'malo mwa gudumu lakuwulukira. Kuti muyang'ane bendx nokha, muyenera kutseka zolumikizira ziwiri zamphamvu pamayendedwe okokera. Mphamvu yamagetsi idzalambalala relay, yomwe idzazindikiritse kuzungulira kwa choyambira. Zikachitika kuti choyambitsa chimatembenuka mosavuta ndikugwedezeka, muyenera kuyang'ana mtundu wa mgwirizano wa bendix ndi flywheel.

Zoyambira zoyambira

Kuwonongeka kwafupipafupi kumaphatikizaponso kusokonezeka kwa tchire loyambira. Zitsamba zoyambira (zoyambira) zili kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa makinawo. Ma bere awa amafunikira kuzungulira shaft yoyambira. Chifukwa cha kuvala kwa mayendedwe oyambira shaft, cholumikizira chimadina, koma choyambira sichimayatsa chokha ndipo sichimagwedeza injini. Cholakwika ichi chikuwoneka motere:

• tsinde loyambira silikhala pamalo oyenera patsinde;
• palinso dera lalifupi la ma windings oyambirira ndi achiwiri;

Zomwezo zingayambitse kuti ma windings amawotcha, mawaya amphamvu amasungunuka. Nthawi zina dera lalifupi limapezeka mumayendedwe amagetsi agalimoto, zomwe zimayambitsa moto. Ngati woyambitsayo adina, koma osayatsa yekha, simungathe kukhala ndi kiyi mu "kuyamba" kwa nthawi yayitali. Kuyesera kochepa koyambira kumalimbikitsidwa, chifukwa pali kuthekera kuti shaft ikhoza kubwerera kumalo ake.

Chonde dziwani kuti ngakhale mutayamba bwino injini yoyaka mkati, choyambiracho chidzafunika kukonzanso mwachangu komanso kovomerezeka kuti musinthe ma fani. Dziwani kuti kusintha shaft yoyambira kungayambitse dera lalifupi komanso moto. Timawonjezeranso kuti choyambira chokhala ndi zovuta zovuta zimatha kugwira ntchito "zozizira", koma kukana kupota "kutentha".

Ngati choyambitsa sichikuwotcha kapena injini sichikuyenda bwino pambuyo powotha, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira:

• yang'anani mabatire, ma terminals a batri ndi zolumikizira mphamvu. Ngati batire ili mu mkhalidwe wabwino ndipo anali 100% mlandu pamaso pa ulendo, ndiyeno kutulutsidwa, ndiye muyenera kufufuza jenereta regulator relay, lamba jenereta, mavuto wodzigudubuza ndi jenereta palokha. Izi zidzathetsa kutulutsa kwa batri ndi kutsika kwapansi kotsatira;
• ndiye muyenera kulabadira dongosolo poyatsira ndi dongosolo loperekera mafuta, onani spark plugs. Kuperewera kwa mayankho pakugwiritsa ntchito machitidwewa, limodzi ndi chakuti choyambitsa sichikuyenda bwino ndi batire yoyipitsidwa, zidzawonetsa kulephera koyambira.

Chonde dziwani kuti chipangizocho chimatentha kwambiri limodzi ndi injini mugawo la injini. Kuwotcha choyambira kumayambitsa kufalikira kwazinthu zina mkati mwa chipangizocho. Pambuyo pokonza choyambira ndikuyikanso tchire, kukulitsa kodziwika kwa zoyambira zoyambira kumachitika. Kulakwitsa posankha kukula koyenera kungayambitse kutsekeka kwa shaft, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti choyambira chisatembenuke kapena kutembenukira pang'onopang'ono pa injini yotentha.

Maburashi ndi poyambira poyambira

Popeza choyambira ndi mota yamagetsi, mota yamagetsi imagwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito voliyumu pamayendedwe oyambira kuchokera ku batri kudzera pamaburashi. Maburashiwo amapangidwa ndi graphite, motero amatha pakanthawi kochepa.

Chiwembu chodziwika bwino ndi pamene, pamene maburashi oyambira afika, magetsi samaperekedwa ku solenoid relay. Pankhaniyi, mutatha kutembenuza kiyi yoyatsira, choyambitsa sichidzayankha mwanjira iliyonse, ndiye kuti, dalaivala sadzamva kung'ung'udza kwa injini yamagetsi ndi kudina kwa relay yoyambira. Kuti mukonze, muyenera kusokoneza choyambira, pambuyo pake ndikofunikira kuyang'ana maburashi, omwe amatha kutha ndikufunika kusinthidwa.

Popanga choyambira chagalimoto, ma windings amathanso kuvala. Chizindikiro chodziwika ndi fungo loyaka moto mukayamba injini, zomwe zikuwonetsa kulephera koyambira komwe kukubwera. Monga momwe zilili ndi maburashi, choyambiracho chiyenera kuchotsedwa, ndikuwunika momwe ma windings alili. Mapiritsi oyaka amadetsedwa, wosanjikiza wa varnish pa iwo amayaka. Timawonjezeranso kuti nthawi zambiri mapiritsi oyambira amawotcha chifukwa cha kutenthedwa ngati injini ikuyenda kwa nthawi yayitali, pamene zimakhala zovuta kuyambitsa injini yoyaka mkati.

Mwachidule, ndikufuna kudziwa kuti choyambiracho chitha kutembenuzidwa kwa masekondi 5-10, kenako kupuma kwa mphindi 1-3 kumafunika. Kunyalanyaza lamuloli kumabweretsa mfundo yakuti madalaivala osadziwa amatha kutsitsa batire ndikuwotcha choyambira chogwira ntchito ngati injini siyamba kwa nthawi yayitali. Zikatero, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunikira kusintha choyambira, chifukwa kubwezeretsanso zoyambira zowotcha sikotsika mtengo kuposa kugula choyambira chatsopano.