Galasi lamadzi

Galasi yamadzimadzi ndi njira yokhazikika ya sodium metasilicate Na2SiO3 (potaziyamu mchere amagwiritsidwanso ntchito). Amakonzedwa ndikusungunula silika (monga mchenga) mu yankho la sodium hydroxide: 

Galasi lamadzi kwenikweni, ndi chisakanizo cha mchere wa zidulo zosiyanasiyana silicic ndi mosiyanasiyana ma polymerization. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati impregnation (mwachitsanzo, kuteteza makoma ku chinyezi, monga chitetezo cha moto), chigawo cha putties ndi zosindikizira, kupanga zipangizo za silikoni, komanso ngati chowonjezera cha chakudya kuti chitetezeke (E 550). Galasi lamadzimadzi lomwe limapezeka pamalonda litha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyesera modabwitsa (popeza ndi madzi okhuthala, amawathira madzi, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi mu 1: 1).

Pakuyesa koyamba, tidzakhala ndi chisakanizo cha ma silicic acid. Kuti tichite mayeso tidzagwiritsa ntchito njira zotsatirazi: galasi lamadzimadzi ndi ammonium chloride NH.₄Cl ndi pepala lowonetsera kuti muwone zomwe zikuchitika (chithunzi 1).

Chemistry - gawo la galasi lamadzimadzi 1 - MT

Galasi yamadzimadzi, monga mchere wa asidi ofooka komanso maziko olimba mu njira yamadzimadzi, imakhala ndi hydrolyzed ndipo imakhala yamchere (chithunzi 2). Thirani njira ya ammonium chloride (chithunzi 3) mu galasi ndi yankho lagalasi lamadzimadzi ndikusakaniza zomwe zili (chithunzi 4). Patapita nthawi, gelatinous misa imapanga (chithunzi 5), chomwe ndi chisakanizo cha ma asidi a silicic:

(pa gawo la SiO palokha₂?nGn₂ZA ? ma silicic acid okhala ndi ma hydration osiyanasiyana amapangidwa).

Njira yochitira mu beaker, yoyimiridwa ndi chidule cha equation pamwambapa, ndi motere:

a) metasilicate ya sodium mu yankho imasiyanitsidwa ndikuchita hydrolysis:

b) ammonium ions amachita ndi ayoni ya hydroxide:

Pamene ma hydroxyl ions amadyedwa pochita b), kufanana kwamachitidwe a) kusunthira kumanja ndipo, chifukwa chake, ma silicic acid amayenda.

Mu kuyesa kwachiwiri timakula "zomera zamakina". Kuti muchite kuyesera, mufunika njira zotsatirazi: galasi lamadzimadzi ndi mchere wachitsulo? chitsulo (III), chitsulo (II), mkuwa (II), calcium, tini (II), chromium (III), manganese (II).

Chemistry - gawo la galasi lamadzimadzi 2 - MT

Tiyeni tiyambe kuyesa powonjezera mchere wambiri wa iron (III) chloride FeCl mu chubu choyesera.₃ ndi galasi lamadzimadzi (chithunzi 6). Patapita kanthawi zomera zimasanduka bulauni? (chithunzi 7, 8, 9), kuchokera kuchitsulo chosasungunuka (III) metasilicate:

Komanso, mchere wazitsulo zina umakupatsani zotsatira zabwino:

• mkuwa(II)? Chithunzi 10
• chromium (III)? Chithunzi 11
• chitsulo(II)? Chithunzi 12
• calcium? Chithunzi 13
• manganese(II)? Chithunzi 14
• kutsogolera (II)? Chithunzi 15

Kachitidwe ka njira zomwe zimachitika zimatengera chodabwitsa cha osmosis, mwachitsanzo, kulowa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kudzera m'ma pores a nembanemba yocheperako. Ma depositi a insoluble zitsulo silicates amapanga ngati wosanjikiza woonda pamwamba pa mchere wowonjezera ku test chubu. Mamolekyu amadzi amalowa m'mabowo a nembanemba yomwe imachokera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mchere wachitsulo pansi pake usungunuke. Zotsatira zake zimakankhira filimuyo mpaka itaphulika. Pambuyo pothira mchere wachitsulo, kodi silicate imabwereranso? mkombero kubwereza wokha ndi chomera mankhwala? kumawonjezeka.

Mwa kuika mchere wosakaniza wa zitsulo zosiyanasiyana m’chotengera chimodzi ndi kuthirira ndi madzi osakaniza a galasi lamadzimadzi, kodi tingamere “munda wamankhwala” wathunthu? (chithunzi 16, 17, 18).

Zithunzi