Moyo wa batri. Magalimoto amagetsi ndi hybrid

Kuyika magetsi pamagalimoto sikulinso tsogolo losadziwika bwino. Izi ndi zenizeni! Tesla, Nissan, hybrid ya Toyota Prius ndi ena opanga magalimoto amagetsi atha kusintha mawonekedwe a msika wamagalimoto mpaka kalekale. Osewera akuluakulu ali mumasewera. Mpikisano waukulu wa Toyota, wodzinenera malo apamwamba pakugulitsa padziko lonse lapansi, Volkswagen idayamba mwalamulo kupanga ID.4 pa Novembara 3. Angela Merkel adawonekera pamwambowu, akuwonetsa momwe boma la Germany lilili lalikulu pakuyika magetsi pamakampani opanga magalimoto. Wopanga mwiniyo akufotokoza ID.3 ngati mpainiya wa mutu watsopano m'mbiri ya mtunduwo, atangotha ​​​​chikumbu ndi Gofu.

Inde, madalaivala ali ndi nkhawa zambiri za kusintha kwa magetsi. Chimodzi mwazinthu zodetsa nkhawa kwambiri ndi moyo wa batri. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe tikudziwa lero. Kodi mabatire agalimoto osakanizidwa ndi amagetsi amagwira ntchito bwanji tsiku ndi tsiku? Kodi mphamvu zawo zimachepa bwanji pakapita nthawi kutengera momwe amagwirira ntchito? Wokondedwa owerenga, ndikukupemphani kuti muwerenge nkhaniyi.

Moyo wa batri. Ngati chonchi?

Magalimoto a Hybrid ndi magetsi akhala akugulitsa magalimoto kwa nthawi yayitali kotero kuti opanga ndi makampani odziyimira pawokha atha kupereka ziganizo zoyimilira zoyamba.

Toyota ndi mpainiya muukadaulo wamagalimoto wosakanizidwa pakupanga kuchuluka kwakukulu. Prius yakhala ikugulitsidwa kuyambira 2000, kotero kuchuluka kwa deta yomwe yasonkhanitsidwa ndi malingaliro a ogula ndi maziko olimba omwe angaganizire.

Zikuoneka kuti moyo wautumiki wa batire yogwiritsidwa ntchito mu wosakanizidwa wa wopanga ku Japan ndi wautali mosayembekezereka. Mlandu wa woyendetsa taxi wa Viennese Manfred Dvorak, yemwe anayenda makilomita oposa 8 miliyoni m'badwo wake wachiwiri wa Toyota Prius m'zaka 1, ndi nkhani yodziwika bwino komanso yolembedwa bwino! Galimotoyo ili ndi paketi yoyambira ya batri ndipo ikupitilizabe kuyenda m'misewu ya Vienna mogwira ntchito mokwanira.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti oyendetsa taxi aku Warsaw nawonso amawonanso chimodzimodzi. M'mafunso anga, oyendetsa makampani oyendetsa magalimoto otchuka pamsika wathu adakondwera ndi ma hybrids aku Japan. Yoyamba mwa izi idayendetsedwa ndi hybrid ya Toyota Auris yogulidwa ku malo ogulitsa. Galimoto yokhala ndi nthawi yogula ndi unsembe wa HBO yayenda makilomita oposa theka la milioni popanda kuwonongeka pang'ono, ndipo dalaivala sawona kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mphamvu ya mabatire a mbadwa. Malinga ndi iye ndi anzake, mabatire a mayunitsi wosakanizidwa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse, zomwe, m'malingaliro ake, zimatalikitsa moyo wawo wautumiki. Woyendetsa taxi wachiwiri, mwiniwake wa Prius + wobwera kuchokera kunja, amasangalalanso ndi gawo la hybrid lomwe likugwira ntchito. Galimoto idagulidwa ndi mileage yopitilira 200. Km, adayenda makilomita 190 m'misewu ya Warsaw, ali ndi batire yoyambirira ndipo akupitiliza kuyendetsa. Nditawafunsa za momwe magalimotowo amawonera kulimba kwa magalimoto pakugwira ntchito, onse adayerekeza kulimba kwawo ndi migolo yodziwika bwino ya Mercedes. Komabe, osati Toyota haibridi yokha yomwe imakondedwa ndi oyendetsa taxi. Bungwe lina lomwe limagwira ntchito m'misewu ya ku San Francisco linali ndi ma hybrid 000 a Escape Ford omwe amathamanga makilomita 15 pamabatire awo oyambirira asanatayidwe.

Moyo wa batri. Malinga ndi akatswiri

Timadziwa maganizo a oyendetsa taxi, koma kodi akatswiri omwe amapanganso mabatire amanena chiyani za kulimba kwa mabatire mu hybrids?

Malinga ndi a JD Serwis waku Warsaw, makina akamakula, amakhala olimba kwambiri. Mitundu yambiri ya Prius ya m'badwo wachiwiri imathabe kukwera maulalo awo oyambira (zaka 16) ndipo amafika mosavuta ma kilomita 400 kapena kupitilira apo. Zatsopano zimakhala ndi moyo wocheperako pang'ono ndipo akuti pafupifupi 000-300 zikwi. Km mu nkhani ya 400 m'badwo Prius. Monga mukuonera, moyo wa batri wa magalimoto osakanizidwa ndi wochititsa chidwi. Opanga, monga Toyota, sanasiye chilichonse mwamwayi. Kompyuta yogawa mphamvu imawonetsetsa kuti batire imagwira ntchito moyenera, i.e. pakati pa 20% ndi 80%. Kuphatikiza apo, paketi ya batri ili ndi dongosolo lomwe limasunga nthawi zonse kutentha kwa magwiridwe antchito. Akatswiri amatsimikiziranso malingaliro a oyendetsa taxi omwe tawatchulawa. Mabatire sakonda nthawi yopuma. Kutalikirapo, miyezi ingapo ya kusagwira ntchito kwagalimoto, makamaka ikayima ndi batire yotulutsidwa kwathunthu, ifupikitsa moyo wake wautumiki.  

Onaninso: Ndalama zolipirira ziphaso zonyansa

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, a JD Serwis amatsutsa lingaliro lakuti mabatire agalimoto osakanizidwa sagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa pafupipafupi pa liwiro lalikulu. Malingana ndi maganizo omwe ali pamwambawa, pamenepa, zinthuzi zimagwira ntchito mosalekeza, zomwe zimakhudza moyo wawo wautumiki. Akatswiri a malo a Warsaw amatsimikizira kuti ndi ntchito yotereyi, galimoto yamagetsi imachotsedwa pa kayendetsedwe ka galimoto, choncho vuto lokhalo lidzakhala kugwiritsira ntchito mafuta ambiri a petulo.    

Ndipo opanga ma hybrid drive amati chiyani pamutuwu? Toyota amapereka chitsimikizo cha zaka 10 pa mabatire, ndipo Hyundai amapereka zaka 8 kapena 200 Km. Monga mukuonera, ngakhale opanga makina amakhulupirira kuti maselo ndi odalirika komanso olimba. Kumbukirani, komabe, kuti, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi magalimoto oyaka mkati mwawo, chikhalidwe chosungira chitsimikizo pa batri ndikuti galimotoyo imayendetsedwa nthawi zonse ndi msonkhano wovomerezeka.

Moyo wa batri. "Amagetsi"

Tikudziwa momwe zimakhalira ndi magalimoto osakanizidwa. Kodi moyo wa batri wa magalimoto amagetsi ndi chiyani? American Tesla, yomwe ili ndi mitundu ingapo yamagetsi, ndi Nissan, yemwe mtundu wake wa Leaf wakhala pamsika kwa zaka 10, wasonkhanitsa zambiri pamutuwu. Wopanga ku Japan akuti 0,01% yokha ya mayunitsi omwe adagulitsidwa anali ndi batire yolakwika, ndipo ena onse akusangalalabe ndi ulendo wopanda mavuto. Nissan adafunafuna ogula omwe adagula ena mwa magalimoto oyamba kugundika pamsika. Zinapezeka kuti m'magalimoto ambiri mabatire anali abwino, ndipo mitundu yawo inali yosiyana pang'ono ndi fakitale. Komabe, pakhala pali malipoti m'manyuzipepala omwe amatchula za woyendetsa taxi waku Spain yemwe amagwiritsa ntchito Nissan Leaf ngati taxi. M'nkhaniyi, mphamvu ya batri idatsika ndi 50% pambuyo pa kuthamanga kwa 350 km. Mwinanso mudamvapo za milandu ngati imeneyi kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito aku Australia. Akatswiri amanena kuti zimenezi ndi nyengo yotentha imene magalimotowa ankagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nissan Leaf, monga imodzi mwazinthu zochepa zamagetsi zomwe zilipo pamsika, ilibe kuziziritsa / kutentha kwa ma cell a batri, komwe kumakhudza kwambiri kulimba kwawo komanso kuchepa kwakanthawi (mwachitsanzo, nyengo yozizira) . .

American Tesla imagwiritsa ntchito mabatire oziziritsidwa ndi madzi / otentha mumitundu iliyonse yomwe imapanga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mabatire azitha kupirira nyengo yoyipa. Malingana ndi Pulagi ku America, yomwe inayesa Tesla S, kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya selo kuli pamlingo wa 5% pambuyo pa makilomita 80 oyambirira, ndiyeno kutayika kwa katundu wa fakitale kumachepetsa kwambiri. Izi zikugwirizana ndi maganizo a ogwiritsa ntchito okha, omwe amayerekezera kuchepa kwa magalimoto awo pamlingo wa magawo angapo pazaka zingapo zoyamba zogwirira ntchito. Wopanga mwiniyo amawerengera moyo wautumiki wa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pano pa 000 - 500 km, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi okonda mtundu waku America. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi Meraine Kumans. Kuyambira 000, yakhala ikusonkhanitsa zambiri kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito a Tesla X ndi S omwe amagwiritsa ntchito forum ya teslamotorsclub.com. Kutengera zomwe adasonkhanitsa, zitha kuwoneka kuti, pafupifupi, pamtunda wa 800 km, mabatire a Tesla akadali ndi fakitale ya 000%. Poyerekeza kuti mabatire adzataya ndi mphamvu zofanana, ndi kuthamanga kwa 2014 km, adzasungabe 270% ya mphamvu zawo.   

Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, Tesla posachedwapa ali ndi batri ya lithiamu-ion yomwe asayansi amayerekezera moyo wa makilomita 1! Adzakhala oyamba kupita ku Cyber ​​​​Truck yolengezedwa ndi Elon Musk, yomwe idayamba pa Novembara 500 chaka chino.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti m'masiku atatu okha, maoda opitilira 3 adayikidwapo!

Palibe chidziwitso chocheperako chomwe chinasonkhanitsidwa ndi akatswiri a Renault. Kuwunika kwa zitsanzo zamagetsi zamtundu uwu, zomwe zakhala zikugwira ntchito kwa zaka zambiri, zikuwonetsa kutaya mphamvu kwa 1% pachaka. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti mabatire a magalimoto aku France amazimitsidwa mwachangu ndi mpweya, pogwiritsa ntchito chowongolera mpweya komanso kuyendetsedwa mokakamizidwa ndi fan.

Moyo wa batri. Ma charger othamanga

Tikudziwa kale kuti pa nkhani ya mabatire osakhazikika (Nissan Leaf, VW e-Golf, VW e-Up), nyengo yoopsa, makamaka kutentha, imakhala ndi zotsatira zoipa pa kulimba kwawo. Kuyendetsa kwanthawi yayitali m'marejista okhala ndi mtengo wotsika kumakhalanso kovulaza. Ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito ma charger othamanga kumakhudza bwanji moyo wa batri? Akatswiri adayesa mitundu iwiri yofananira ya Nissan Leaf yokhala ndi ma kilomita opitilira 80. Mmodzi ankalipiritsidwa kuchokera pa netiweki yapanyumba, winayo pamtengo wofulumira. Kusiyanitsa kwa mphamvu yogwira ntchito ya mabatire kunali 000% kuwononga unit yomwe imapatsidwa mphamvu zambiri. Monga mukuonera, kuthamanga kwachangu kumakhudza moyo wa batri, koma osati kwambiri.          

Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti mabatire ogwiritsidwa ntchito safunikira kutayidwa nthawi yomweyo, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatchulidwa ngati mkangano womwe umagwirizana ndi kusagwirizana ndi chilengedwe cha magalimoto amagetsi. Mabatire otha pagalimoto nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu zamafakitale zosakwana 70%. Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kwa zaka zambiri, mwachitsanzo, kusunga magetsi opangidwa kuchokera ku mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu, etc. Choncho, moyo wawo wonse ukhoza kutha ngakhale zaka 20.

Moyo wa batri. Zingatenge nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Pomaliza, mawu ochepa okhudza chitsimikizo choperekedwa ndi opanga payekha kwa mabatire a magalimoto awo amagetsi. Makampani onse amatsimikizira zaka 8 zogwira ntchito popanda mavuto. Mikhalidwe imasiyana makamaka pamaphunziro. Tesla imakupatsani ma kilomita opanda malire. Kupatulapo chitsanzo "3", amene, malinga ndi Baibulo, anapatsidwa malire 160 kapena 000 Km. Hyundai imatsimikizira mtunda wopanda nkhawa wa 192 km, pomwe Nissan, Renault ndi Volkswagen zimatsimikizira 000 km. BMW i Smart imapereka malire ang'onoang'ono. Apa tingadalire mtunda wa makilomita 200 oyendetsa galimoto popanda mavuto.

Moyo wa batri. Mwachidule

Mwachidule, pali magalimoto ambiri osakanizidwa ndi magetsi padziko lapansi kuti titha kudziwa molimba mtima komanso molondola moyo wa mabatire omwe amawapatsa mphamvu kuchokera pazomwe timasonkhanitsa. Zikuoneka kuti okayikira omwe amayesa kulimba kwa mabatire a galimoto pogwiritsa ntchito zochitika ndi mabatire a mafoni a m'manja ndi laputopu anali olakwika kwambiri. Moyo wautumiki wa magawo amagetsi agalimoto udadabwitsa opanga okha, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ena aiwo atha kukulitsa chitsimikizo cha fakitale pazinthu izi.

Pogula zida zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ngakhale zomwe zili ndi zaka 8-10, mutha kupitilizabe kuti ntchito ya mabatire mpaka mtunda wa makilomita 400 iyenera kukhala yopanda mavuto, yomwe mwachiwonekere imadalira momwe mabatire amakhalira. galimotoyo inayendetsedwa. Choncho, tisanagule galimoto, tiyenera kupita ku msonkhano wapadera kuti tione batire. Ntchitoyi imawononga PLN 000 yokha (malinga ndi mndandanda wamitengo ya JD Serwis) ndipo itipatsa lingaliro lambiri la momwe batire ilili. Ndizochititsa chidwi kuti chitukuko cha matekinoloje osungira mphamvu chikupitirirabe. Pasanapite nthawi yoyamba ya Tesla ya bwino lithiamu-ion batire, moyo wautumiki umene udzadutsa malamulo amakono osachepera kawiri. Mabatire a graphene ali kale pamzere waukadaulo, womwe upereka kuwongolera pang'onopang'ono kwa magawo ogwiritsira ntchito. Monga mukuonera, moyo wautali wa batri wa magalimoto amagetsi ndi nthano ina yamagalimoto.

Onaninso: Zomwe muyenera kudziwa za batri