Tanki yapakatikati "Ram"
Tanki yapakatikati "Ram"
Mpaka chiyambi cha nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, ankakhulupirira kuti makampani Canada sakanatha kukhala kupanga akasinja paokha, ndipo nkhondo sanali kuyembekezera kuti zikamera makampani latsopano mu dziko. Kumayambiriro kwa nkhondo, mayunitsi akasinja Canada zida zida British. Komabe, kupambana kwa asilikali a Germany pa kuukira Poland, ndipo posakhalitsa France ndi Flanders, anafunika kukulitsa kupanga makina ku Britain. M'chaka cha 1940, Canada Pacific analandira British ndi Canada malamulo kwa Valentine, yomaliza yopita ku Canada Tank Brigade. Kugonjetsedwa kwa France, kuopsa kwa kuukira kwa Germany ku British Isles kunachititsa kuti pakhale kuwonjezeka kwa magalimoto onyamula zida ndi zida zina zankhondo ku Canada, ndipo kupangidwa kwa magulu awiri a zida zankhondo ku Canada m'chilimwe cha 1940 kunawonjezera chiwerengero cha oyendetsa 1000. Kuperewera kwakukulu kwa akasinja ku UK sikunasiye chiyembekezo chakuti kupanga kwawo kungakonzedwe kunja kwa United Kingdom. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, nyumba ya tank ya ku America, ngakhale ikukula, sinathe kukwaniritsa zosowa za Canada.
Kenako adaganiza zopanga Tank Arsenal ku Canada motsogozedwa ndi Montreal Locomotive Works mothandizidwa ndi makolo ake, American Locomotive. Kenako anaganiza kuti maziko a magalimoto opangidwa ku Canada adzakhala American, akadali odziwa M3, zomwe zinachititsa kuti nthawi ndalama. Pofika m'dzinja la 1940, zinaonekeratu kuti njira zambiri zaumisiri zomwe zidalowetsedwa mu M3 ndi zida zankhondo zaku America ndiukadaulo sizingakhutiritse ogwiritsa ntchito aku Britain ndi Canada - makamaka mawonekedwe apamwamba, kuyika kwa zida zazikulu mu sponson, chitetezo chokwanira cha zida komanso kusowa kwa wayilesi munsanja. Pambuyo pokambirana kwanthawi yayitali, Komiti ya Tank yapakati pa 1941 idaganiza kuti ipitilize kupanga galimoto yaku Canada pogwiritsa ntchito zida za M3 ndi misonkhano ikuluikulu, koma ndi bwalo ndi turret zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zaku Canada, komanso zida zazikulu zamtundu waku Britain. Galimoto iyi idadziwika kuti "Ram" (dzina la banja la General Worsington, yemwe adalamula gulu lankhondo la Canada). Udindo wa chitukuko unaperekedwa ku Montreal Locomotive Works motsogoleredwa ndi Canadian Office of Equipment and Supply, mogwirizana ndi British Tank Mission ku America ndi Dipatimenti ya Chitetezo.
Chojambulacho chinamangidwa mu June 1941, ndipo kukonza bwino kunapitirira kwa chaka chimodzi. Kupeza mbale zankhondo ku Canada, kutentha kwawo, kuumba ndi kupanga makina kunayambitsa zovuta zazikulu, zomwe zinathandizidwa ndi kuperekedwa kwa turrets ndi kuponyedwa kumtunda kwa sitimayo ndi kampani ya ku America General Steel Castings. Zinakonzedwa kuti zigwiritse ntchito kuyikapo ndi mfuti ya ku Britain ya 6-pounder (57-mm), koma analibe nthawi, kotero chigoba ndi makina otsogolera adapangidwa ku Canada. Ngakhale kuti mfuti ya 6-pounder inali yodziwika bwino popanga, magalimoto makumi asanu oyambirira anali ndi mfuti ya 2-pounder (40-mm) ndipo amatchedwa "Ram" Mk I. Akasinja amtundu wa 6-pounder adalandira dzina lakuti "Ram" Mk II, kupanga kwawo kwakukulu kunayamba mu January 1942. Malo ophunzitsira a Aberdeen skom ndi ogwira ntchito ku Britain komanso moyang'aniridwa ndi mkulu wa zida zankhondo zaku America ndiukadaulo. American T1941 (chizindikiro cha sing'anga M6) anali ndi zinthu zofanana ndi "Ram", chochititsa chidwi kwambiri anali mawonekedwe a hull ndi maenje m'mbali. Komabe, zambiri mwazochitikazo zinali pafupifupi mwachisawawa. Popanga T4, monga Rem, anayesa kuthetsa zofooka zomwe zili mu thanki sing'anga ya M6.
"Ram" sanagwiritsidwe ntchito muzochitika zankhondo, ambiri a iwo ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maphunziro ku Canada kapena UK. Akasinja ambiri adasinthidwa kukhala magalimoto apadera - makamaka onyamula zida zamtundu wa Kangaroo - zomwe zafotokozedwa pansipa. Ram Kangaroos adapereka magulu ankhondo a APC a 79th Armored Division panthawi ya kampeni ku Northwest Europe. Anakhala anthu oyamba kutsata zida zamtundu wa Kangaroo, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mochuluka ndi asitikali aku Britain. Makinawa anakhalabe akugwira ntchito kwa zaka zingapo nkhondo itatha. Mpaka zida zonyamula zida zankhondo zidawonekera. Chassis "Ram" anabwereza kamangidwe ka kuyimitsidwa American ndi ofukula koyilo akasupe. Mbali ya m'munsi ya chombocho inkapangidwa kuchokera ku zida zankhondo zokhala ndi zozungulira, ndipo kumtunda kwake, ngati turret, kunapangidwa kuchokera kuzitsulo zankhondo. Injini, monga pa M3, ndi Continental R-975. "Ram" Mk II anali ndi chida chokhazikika cha gyroscopic komanso lamba womangika pamapewa. Kuthamanga kwa turret ndi hydraulic. Mbozizo zinali zopangidwa ndi Canada, zomwe zimadziwika pansi pa chizindikiro cha CDP, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopambana kuposa zitsulo ndi mphira, zopangidwa ndi akasinja apakatikati a mndandanda wa M4, zinali zosavuta komanso zotsika mtengo kupanga, ndipo zinkagwira bwino.
Zosintha zina ndi zosintha zinayambitsidwa ku "Ram" komanso m'kati mwa kupanga kwawo. Umu ndi momwe zimakupizira mafuta oziziritsa pakufalitsa zidawonekera, zikwapu zam'mbali ndi turret yamfuti zidachotsedwa, zipsera zowombera zida zamunthu mu turret, chiwombankhanga chothamangitsira chinawonjezeredwa pansi ndipo injini idasinthidwa kukhala mafuta ndi octane ya 80. Kupanga kwathunthu kwa "Ram" II kunali magalimoto 1094. Makhalidwe apangidwe
Tanki "Ram". Zosintha
Zotsatira:
|
Mu 1941, makampani Canada, katswiri kupanga akasinja American M4 Sherman, analenga buku lake la makina - Ram thanki. Chassis ndi masanjidwe a thanki iyi adapangidwa ngati pa M4. Pa kusinthidwa koyamba kwa "Ram", kumanzere kwa mpando wa dalaivala anaika turret makina-mfuti, ndi zingwe zolowera zinaperekedwa m'mbali mwa hull. Pakusinthidwa kwachiwiri, mfuti yamakina a uta imayikidwa mu phiri la mpira kutsogolo, ndipo zipolopolo zam'mbali zimachotsedwa. Sitimayo inalowa m'mayesero ankhondo, koma sanasonyeze ubwino uliwonse pa M4. Zida zake - cannon 57-mm, zinkaonedwa kuti ndi zosakwanira. Chassis idagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magalimoto angapo apadera omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pankhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse: tanki yolamula ya Rem, mfuti yolimbana ndi ndege ya Skink yokhala ndi zida za quad za 20 mm Polsten mfuti, Rem Kangaroo onyamula zida zankhondo, ndi zina zambiri.
