Mafuta a dizilo mu mafuta a ICE
Zamkatimu
Mafuta a dizilo mu mafuta a ICE zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kutayikira kwa pampu yamafuta othamanga kwambiri, zisindikizo za jekeseni, pampu yolimbikitsira, majekeseni opopera otayikira (mpando), fyuluta yochotsedwa kapena yotsekeka, kung'ambika kwa mutu wa silinda, ndi zina. Monga chizolowezi limasonyeza, diagnostics ndi kukonza mu nkhani iyi zingatenge nthawi yambiri ndi khama.
Zifukwa zopangira mafuta a dizilo mu mafuta
Mafuta a dizilo amalowa mu injini yoyaka moto pazifukwa zambiri, zomwe, mwa zina, zimadalira kapangidwe ka injini yoyaka mkati. Tiyeni tiwaganizire kuyambira pazochitika zambiri kupita kuzinthu zapadera zomwe mafuta amathamangitsidwa mumafuta.
Ma jakisoni wamafuta
Pamagalimoto ambiri amakono okhala ndi injini za dizilo, ndi ma jekeseni a pampu omwe amaikidwa. Ma Nozzles amaikidwa pamipando kapena, monga momwe amatchulidwira mwanjira ina - zitsime. Pakapita nthawi, mpando womwewo kapena chisindikizo cha nozzle chikhoza kutha ndipo zolimba zimatha. Pachifukwa ichi, mu injini ya makina, mafuta a dizilo amapita ku mafuta.
Nthawi zambiri, vuto ndiloti kachulukidwe kake kake kamasokonekera pamphuno pawokha. Choipa kwambiri, pamene zomangika kutha osati mmodzi, koma awiri kapena kuposa nozzles. Mwachibadwa, pamenepa, chisindikizo chimadutsa mafuta a dizilo mu mafuta mofulumira kwambiri.
Pankhaniyi, nthawi zambiri palibe malire pa mphete zosindikizira. Chifukwa cha ichi, pa ntchito ya injini kuyaka mkati, nozzle yokha imagwedezeka pampando wake, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa m'mimba mwake ndi kuwonongeka kwa geometry.
Nthawi ndi nthawi, ma nozzle sprayers amatha kulephera pang'ono. Pankhaniyi, nozzles sadzapopera mafuta, koma kutsanulira mu injini kuyaka mkati. Chifukwa chake, si mafuta onse a dizilo omwe amatha kuwotcha ndikulowa mkati mwa injini yoyaka moto. Zofananazo zimawonedwa pamene kuthamanga kwa nozzle kutsegula kumachepetsedwa.
Pankhani ya kuphwanya kulimba kwa kupereka ndi kuchotsedwa kwa mafuta a dizilo kwa ma injectors, imatha kulowanso mu injini yoyaka moto. Pankhani ya utsi, mafuta a dizilo amayamba kulowa mumutu wa valve, ndipo kuchokera pamenepo kupita ku crankcase ya injini. Kutengera kapangidwe ka injini, zisindikizo zosiyanasiyana zimatha kukhala "olakwa".
Pampu yamafuta odutsitsa
kawirikawiri, mosasamala kanthu za mapangidwe a injini yoyaka mkati ndi mpope wamafuta, nthawi zonse imakhala ndi chisindikizo chamafuta chomwe chimalepheretsa mafuta ndi injini kusakanikirana. Pa magalimoto ena, mwachitsanzo, Mercedes Vito 639, ndi OM646 ICE, pampu ili ndi zisindikizo ziwiri zamafuta. Yoyamba imasindikiza mafuta, ina imasindikiza mafuta. Komabe, mapangidwe a injini yoyaka mkatiyi amapangidwa m’njira yakuti ngati chosindikizira chimodzi kapena china chamafuta chiwonongeka, mafuta kapena mafuta azituluka mumsewu wopangidwa mwapadera, ndipo zimenezi zidzaonekera kwa mwini galimotoyo.
Pa mitundu ina ya injini zoyatsira mkati, nthawi zambiri ngati ma gaskets olimba a pampu yamafuta othamanga kwambiri awonongeka, ndizotheka kuti mafuta a dizilo akuyendetsa mafuta. Palinso zifukwa zina, mwachitsanzo, zinthu zapampopi zapamwamba - zopangira, machubu, zomangira. Ikhoza kukhala "wolakwa" ndi mpope wolimbikitsa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati pali kupopera pamanja pampopi yamafuta othamanga kwambiri, ndiye kuti gland yomwe ili pampopu yotsika kwambiri imatha kutha.
M'mapampu othamanga kwambiri, zoponyera "zolowera pansi" zimapereka mafuta othamanga kwambiri kumphuno. Choncho, ngati plunger kapena mpope palokha si kutulutsa mphamvu zofunika, mafuta akhoza kulowa mpope palokha. Ndipo motero, mafuta a dizilo amasakanizidwa ndi mafuta pamenepo. Vutoli ndilofanana ndi ma ICE akale (mwachitsanzo, YaMZ). M'mainjini amakono, amachotsedwa mwa kulumikiza stack pazida ndikupereka mafuta, ndikusiya kuchuluka kwake komweko.
Nthawi zina vuto limakhala muzowonjezera zobwerera, ndiye kuti, muzitsulo zamkuwa zomwe zimapezeka pamenepo. Zitha kukhala zosapanikizidwa bwino, kapena zimangotulutsa mafuta a dizilo.
Kukonzanso dongosolo
Pakachitika ntchito yolakwika ya makina otulutsa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya, mafuta a dizilo amathanso kulowa mumafuta. Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito dongosololi imachokera ku ntchito yamagetsi. Malingana ndi kuwerengera kwa mphamvu ndi kutentha kwa masensa mu fyuluta ya particulate, dongosololi nthawi ndi nthawi limapereka mafuta, omwe amawotchedwa mu fyuluta ndikuyeretsa.
Mavuto amawonekera pawiri. Choyamba ndi chakuti fyulutayo imakhala yotsekedwa kwambiri ndipo dongosolo lokonzanso siligwira ntchito. Pankhaniyi, mafuta a dizilo amaperekedwa nthawi zonse ku fyuluta, kuchokera pomwe amatha kulowa mu crankcase ya injini. Mlandu wachiwiri ukhoza kukhala pamene fyulutayo yachotsedwa, koma dongosololi silinakonzedwe bwino ndipo likupitiriza kupereka mafuta owonjezera kwa ilo, lomwe limalowanso mu injini yoyaka moto.
Gwirani mutu wa silinda
Kulephera kosowa kumeneku kumakhala kofanana ndi midadada yamakono yopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu. Kupyolera mu mng'alu waung'ono, mafuta a dizilo amatha kulowa mu crankcase. Mng'alu ukhoza kukhala wosiyana kwambiri, koma nthawi zambiri umakhala pafupi ndi mpando wa nozzle. Izi ndichifukwa choti nthawi zambiri pakuyika nozzle, ambuye ena sagwiritsa ntchito wrench ya torque, koma amawapotoza "ndi diso". Chifukwa cha kupitirira mphamvu, ma microcracks amatha kuchitika, omwe amatha kuwonjezeka pakapita nthawi.
Komanso, ndizodziwika kuti ming'alu yotereyi nthawi zambiri imasintha kukula kwake malinga ndi kutentha kwa injini. Ndiko kuti, pa injini yozizira yoyaka mkati, sizovuta kwambiri komanso zowoneka, koma pa injini yotentha imakhala ndi miyeso yeniyeni, ndipo pambuyo poyambitsa injini yoyaka mkati, mafuta a dizilo amatha kulowa mkati mwa injini yoyaka moto.
Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, ming'alu imachitika osati m'malo omwe ma nozzles amaikidwa, komanso mumayendedwe omwe mafuta amaperekedwa. Maonekedwe awo akhoza kukhala osiyana - kuwonongeka kwa makina, zotsatira za ngozi, kukonzanso kolakwika. Choncho, muyenera kuyang'ana osati mutu wokha, komanso mizere ya njanji ndi mafuta.
Injini sikutenthetsa
Mafuta a dizilo mu crankcase ya injini m'nyengo yozizira amatha kupangidwa chifukwa chakuti injini ilibe nthawi yotenthetsa bwino musanayambe ulendo, makamaka ngati chotenthetsera chiri cholakwika. Chifukwa cha izi, poyendetsa nyengo yozizira, mafuta a dizilo sangapse kwathunthu, ndipo, motero, amakhazikika pamakoma a masilindala. Ndipo kuchokera pamenepo amakhetsa kale ndikusakaniza ndi mafuta.
Komabe, izi ndizovuta kwambiri. Ngati chotenthetsera sichigwira ntchito, ndiye kuti dalaivala adzapeza mavuto ndi kutentha kwa ozizira, komanso ndi zizindikiro zamphamvu ndi mphamvu za injini. Ndiko kuti, galimotoyo idzathamanga bwino, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira.
Momwe mungamvetsetse kuti mafuta adalowa mumafuta
Ndipo mumadziwa bwanji mafuta mu injini yamafuta? Njira yosavuta yochitira izi ndi dipstick, yomwe imayang'ana kuchuluka kwa mafuta mu crankcase ya injini. Ngati mulingo wamafuta ukukwera pang'ono pakapita nthawi, zikutanthauza kuti mtundu wina wamadzimadzi umasakanizidwa nawo. Itha kukhala antifreeze kapena mafuta. Komabe, ngati ndi antifreeze, ndiye kuti mafuta amatenga utoto woyera komanso kusasinthasintha kwamafuta. Ngati mafuta alowa mumafuta, ndiye kuti amafanana kusakaniza kudzakhala ngati mafuta a dizilo, makamaka "kutentha", ndiko kuti, pamene injini yoyaka mkati imatenthedwa. Komanso, pa dipstick, titero, milingo yowonjezereka imawonekera nthawi zambiri, pomwe mulingo wamafuta osakaniza mu crankcase ukuwonjezeka.
Mlingo wa mafuta mu crankcase mafuta a dizilo akalowamo, sangakule. Izi zitha kuchitika ngati injini yoyaka yamkati idya mafuta. Izi ndizovuta kwambiri, chifukwa zikuwonetsa kuwonongeka kwa injini yonse, komanso kuti m'tsogolomu mafuta ambiri adzasinthidwa ndi dizilo.
Kwa matenda, mukhoza kuyesa mamasukidwe akayendedwe pa zala. Kotero, pa izi, muyenera kutenga dontho kuchokera ku kafukufuku pakati pa chala chanu chachikulu ndi chala chakutsogolo ndikuchipera. Pambuyo pake, tsegulani zala zanu. Ngati mafuta ali ochulukirapo kapena ochepa, ndiye kuti amatambasula. Ngati ikuchita ngati madzi, chikhalidwe china chimafunika.
komanso cheke chimodzi ndikugwetsa mafuta opezeka m'madzi otentha (ofunikira !!!) Ngati mafuta ali oyera, ndiye kuti, alibe zodetsedwa, ndiye kuti adzawoneka ngati lens. Ngati pali ngakhale kachigawo kakang'ono ka mafuta mmenemo - mu dontho mu kuwala padzakhala utawaleza, mofanana ndi mafuta otayira.
Pofufuza ma laboratory, kuti mudziwe ngati pali mafuta a dizilo mu mafuta, malo owunikira amafufuzidwa. Kuwala kwamafuta amoto atsopano ndi madigiri 200. Zakale 2-3 zikwi makilomita. imayatsa kale pa madigiri 190, ndipo ngati mafuta ambiri a dizilo alowa mmenemo, amayatsa pa madigiri 110. Palinso zizindikiro zingapo zosalunjika zomwe zingasonyeze, kuphatikizapo kuti mafuta amalowa m'mafuta. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- Kutayika kwa magwiridwe antchito. Mwachidule, galimotoyo imataya mphamvu, imathamanga bwino, sichikoka pamene ikunyamula komanso pamene ikuyendetsa kukwera.
- ICE "troit". Mavuto amapezeka pamene jekeseni imodzi kapena zingapo sizikugwira ntchito bwino. Nthawi yomweyo, mafuta a dizilo nthawi zambiri amathira (osati kupopera) kuchokera pamphuno yolakwika, ndipo motero, amalowa mu crankcase ya injini.
- Kuwonjezeka kwa mafuta. Ndi kutayikira pang'ono, sikungawonekere, koma ndi kuwonongeka kwakukulu komanso kwanthawi yayitali, kuwonjezeka kwakumwa kumamveka bwino. Ngati kuchuluka kwa mafuta mu crankcase kumawonjezeka nthawi imodzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito mafuta, ndiye kuti mafuta a dizilo alowa mumafuta.
- Nthunzi yakuda imatuluka popuma. Mpweya wopumira (dzina lina ndi "valvu yopumira") imapangidwa kuti ichepetse kupanikizika kwambiri. Ngati mafuta a dizilo ali mumafuta, ndiye kuti nthunzi imatuluka ndi fungo lomveka bwino la mafuta a dizilo.
komanso, pamene diluting mafuta ndi dizilo mafuta, nthawi zambiri zimawonedwa kutsika kwa mafuta mu dongosolo. Izi zitha kuwoneka kuchokera ku chida chofananira pagulu. Ngati mafuta ndi ochepa kwambiri, ndipo kupanikizika kwake kuli kofooka, zikhoza kuwoneka kuti injini yoyaka mkati idzapita "kutentha kwambiri". Ndipo izi zadzaza ndi kusokonezeka kwake kwathunthu.
Momwe mungadziwire mafuta a dizilo mumafuta a ICE akutsika pang'onopang'ono
Imodzi mwa njira zodziwika bwino komanso zosavuta zowunika momwe mafuta alili kunyumba ndi kuyesa kwa drip. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi okonda magalimoto padziko lonse lapansi. Chofunikira pakuyesa kutsitsa kwamafuta a injini ndikugwetsa madontho amodzi kapena awiri amafuta otentha kuchokera ku dipstick kupita papepala loyera ndipo pakangopita mphindi zochepa yang'anani momwe madonthowo atuluka.
Mothandizidwa ndi mayeso otsika otere, simungangodziwa ngati pali mafuta a dizilo mumafuta, komanso kuwunika momwe mafuta onse amakhalira (ngati akufunika kusinthidwa), injini yoyaka moto yokha, momwe mafutawo alili. ma gaskets, chikhalidwe chambiri (chomwe ndicho, ngati chiyenera kusinthidwa).
Ponena za kukhalapo kwa mafuta mu mafuta, ziyenera kudziwika kuti dontholo limafalikira m'madera anayi. Malo oyamba akuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa tchipisi tachitsulo, zinthu zoyaka moto ndi dothi mumafuta. Chachiwiri ndi chikhalidwe ndi ukalamba wa mafuta. Chachitatu chikuwonetsa ngati choziziritsa chilipo m'mafuta. Ndipo chachinayi chokha (pambali mozungulira) chimathandizira kudziwa ngati pali mafuta mumafuta. Ngati mafuta a dizilo akadalipo, ndiye kuti m'mphepete mwakunja kowoneka bwino kumakhala ndi utoto wotuwa. Palibe mphete yotere - zikutanthauza kuti mulibe mafuta mumafuta.
Zoyenera kuchita ngati mafuta alowa mumafuta
Musanayambe kufotokoza njira zokonzera kuti mafuta a dizilo asalowe mu mafuta, m'pofunika kufotokoza chifukwa chake chodabwitsa ichi ndi chovulaza galimoto. Choyamba, muzochitika zotere, mafuta amachepetsedwa ndi mafuta. Chotsatira cha izi chidzakhala, choyamba, kuchepa kwa chitetezo ku kukangana, popeza mafuta odzola amachepetsedwa kwambiri.
Zotsatira zoyipa zachiwiri ndikuchepetsa kukhuthala kwamafuta. Pa injini iliyonse yoyaka mkati, wopanga amasankha kukhuthala kwake kwamafuta a injini. Ngati itatsitsidwa, ndiye kuti injiniyo imatenthedwa, kutayikira kungawonekere, kukakamizidwa kofunikira mudongosolo kumatha ndipo scuffing idzachitika pamalo osiyanasiyana akusisita. Chifukwa chake, ndizosatheka kulola mafuta a dizilo kulowa mu crankcase ya injini!
Momwe ndi momwe mungayang'anire
Zikapezeka kuti mafuta a dizilo akadali mumafuta, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyang'ananso malo omwe amatha kutayikira. Njira zoyenera zowunika ndi kukonza zimadalira chifukwa chomwe mafuta a dizilo amalowera mumafuta.
Kutayika kwa zothina pamipando ya ma jekeseni amafuta kawirikawiri zimachitika ndi mpweya kompresa. Kuti tichite izi, mpweya woponderezedwa umaperekedwa ku njira yobwereranso ya njanji, yomwe mafuta amaperekedwa mwanjira yabwinobwino. M'dera la nozzles, muyenera kuthira mafuta a dizilo pang'ono, kuti ngati kutayikira, mpweya umadutsamo ndi thovu. Kupanikizika kwa mpweya kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 3 ... 4 atmospheres (mphamvu ya kilogalamu).
Ndibwinonso kuyang'ana majekeseni. Ngati chirichonse chiri mu dongosolo ndi throughput awo, ndiye m`pofunika m`malo awo mphete, amene nthawi zambiri amadutsa mafuta dizilo mu crankcase. Ngati ming'alu imapezeka m'malo oyika ma nozzles, kukonzanso kumachitika kale muutumiki wapadera.
Ngati majekeseni aikidwa pansi pa chivundikiro cha valve, yang'anani ndipo, ngati kuli koyenera, kanikizani mapaipi obwerera musanayambe kusokoneza majekeseni kuti mupewe ntchito yosafunika. Ngati ma jekeseni adachotsedwa, ndiye kuti ayenera kukanikizidwa. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana sprayer, komanso mtundu wa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Pochotsa, muyenera kulabadira kukhalapo kwa kutayikira kwa mafuta a dizilo mu galasi (pa ulusi) wa sprayer.
Pampu zamafuta Iwo m'pofunika fufuzani pa maimidwe mu utumiki galimoto. ndiko kuti, pampope yothamanga kwambiri, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana kusindikiza kwa ma awiriawiri a plunger. Amapanganso kuyesa kupanikizika kwa pampu yotsika kwambiri, komanso kuyang'ana momwe zisindikizo za makapu a plunger zilili. Zinthu zowunika ndi kukonza ngati pakufunika:
- Ngati kuvala kwa "ndodo-sleeve" pampopi yamafuta otsika, mafuta a dizilo amatha kulowa mu chinthu ichi.
- Kuwonjezeka kwa zilolezo m'magulu a plunger a pampu yothamanga kwambiri.
- Onani kupsinjika mu injini. Izi zisanachitike, muyenera kudziwa muzolemba zomwe mtengo wake uyenera kukhala wa injini inayake.
- Yang'anani ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, sinthani zisindikizo za rabara pamapampu.
Kutengera kapangidwe ka injini, kusintha chisindikizo chamafuta kumbuyo kwa pampu yamafuta nthawi zina kumathandiza. ndiye kuti, idapangidwa kuti ilekanitse pampu ya pampu yochepetsera mphamvu yotsika ndi pampu yamafuta pampu yamafuta othamanga kwambiri. Ngati mafuta a dizilo akudutsa mu magalasi (mipando) ya awiriawiri a plunger, ndiye kuti m'malo mwake, m'malo mwa mpope wothamanga kwambiri muzothandiza.
Kuti muwone ngati pali ming'alu m'thupi la block Air compressor imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Malo a mpweya woponderezedwa akhoza kusiyana malingana ndi mapangidwe a injini yoyaka mkati. Komabe, nthawi zambiri mpweya umaperekedwa kumayendedwe "obwerera" kudzera mu chochepetsera. Kuthamanga kwamtengo wapatali ndi pafupifupi 8 atmospheres (zikhoza kudalira kompresa, injini yoyaka mkati, kukula kwa mng'alu, chinthu chachikulu ndikuwonjezera kupanikizika pang'onopang'ono). Ndipo mumutu wa block womwewo, muyenera kuyika simulator ya nozzle kuti mutsimikizire zolimba. Pa mng'alu muyenera kuthira mafuta a dizilo pang'ono. Ngati pali mng'alu, mpweya umadutsamo, ndiko kuti, ming'oma ya mpweya idzawoneka. Kuti muwone njira yoperekera mafuta, cheke chofananira chiyenera kupangidwa.
Njira ina yoyesera ndikuyika mafuta ndi utoto poyesa ma air conditioner. ndiye mafuta okha pansi pa kupanikizika (pafupifupi 4 atmospheres) ayenera kudyetsedwa mu nyumba yamutu. Kuti muzindikire kutayikira, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito tochi ya ultraviolet. Pakuwunika kwake, utoto wotchulidwawo umawoneka bwino.
Mng'alu pamutu wa silinda kapena mumzere wake wamafuta (njanji) ndikuwonongeka kwakukulu, komwe nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kukonzanso kwakukulu kwa injini yoyaka mkati kapena kusinthidwa kwathunthu kwa m'malo mwake. Zimatengera chikhalidwe cha kuwonongeka ndi kukula kwa mng'alu. Nthawi zina, midadada zitsulo zotayidwa akhoza kuyesedwa kuwotcherera ndi argon, koma pochita izi ndizosowa kwambiri. Chowonadi ndi chakuti, malingana ndi zovuta zowonongeka, palibe amene angapereke chitsimikizo cha 100% cha zotsatira.
Pomaliza
Nthawi zambiri, majekeseni a pampu otayirira, kapena mipando yawo kapena zosefera zotsekeka, zimakhala zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dizilo lilowe mumafuta a injini yoyatsira mkati. Pamaulendo afupiafupi, mitundu yambiri ya mwaye mu fyuluta, kuyaka kumachitika nthawi zambiri kuposa nthawi zonse, chifukwa cha jekeseni mochedwa, mafuta osayaka amapita mu sump. Chonde dziwani kuti diagnostics ndi kukonza miyeso kuthetsa lolingana malfunctions nthawi zambiri zovuta ndi ntchito yolemetsa. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kukonza nokha pokhapokha mutamvetsetsa bwino algorithm, ndipo muli ndi chidziwitso chantchito ndi zida zoyenera. Apo ayi, ndi bwino kupempha thandizo kwa galimoto, makamaka wogulitsa.
