Kuchepetsa. Turbo mu injini yaying'ono. Chowonadi chonse chaukadaulo wamakono

Tsopano ndi pafupifupi muyezo kwa opanga kukhazikitsa otsika mphamvu powertrains m'magalimoto, ngakhale amakonda Volkswagen Passat kapena Skoda Superb. Lingaliro lakuchepetsa lasintha kuti likhale labwino, ndipo nthawi yawonetsa kuti yankholi limagwira ntchito tsiku lililonse. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri mu mtundu uwu wa injini, ndithudi, turbocharger, amakulolani kukwaniritsa mphamvu ndi mphamvu pang'ono pa nthawi yomweyo.

ntchito mfundo

Turbocharger imakhala ndi zozungulira ziwiri zozungulira nthawi imodzi zoyikidwa pa shaft wamba. Yoyamba imayikidwa muzitsulo zotulutsa mpweya, mpweya wotulutsa mpweya umapereka kuyenda, lowetsani mufflers ndikuponyedwa kunja. Rotor yachiwiri ili mu dongosolo lamadyedwe, imakanikiza mpweya ndikuuyika mu injini.

Kupanikizika kumeneku kuyenera kulamuliridwa kuti kuchulukirako zisalowe m'chipinda choyaka moto. Machitidwe osavuta amagwiritsira ntchito mawonekedwe a valve yodutsa, pamene mapangidwe apamwamba, i.e. masamba omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi geometry yosinthika.

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Tsoka ilo, mpweya pa nthawi ya psinjika kwambiri ndi wotentha kwambiri, kuwonjezera apo, umatenthedwa ndi nyumba ya turbocharger, yomwe imachepetsanso kachulukidwe kake, ndipo izi zimakhudza kwambiri kuyaka koyenera kwa mafuta osakaniza mpweya. Choncho, opanga amagwiritsa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, intercooler, yomwe ntchito yake ndi kuziziritsa mpweya wotentha usanalowe m'chipinda choyaka moto. Ikazizira, imakhuthala, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zambiri zimatha kulowa mu silinda.

Eaton compressor ndi turbocharger

Mu injini yokhala ndi ma supercharger awiri, turbocharger ndi kompresa makina, amayikidwa mbali zonse za injini. Izi ndichifukwa choti turbine ndi jenereta yotentha kwambiri, kotero njira yabwino kwambiri ndikuyika makina opangira makina kumbali ina. Compressor ya Eaton imathandizira kugwira ntchito kwa turbocharger, imayendetsedwa ndi lamba wokhala ndi nthiti zambiri kuchokera papampu yamadzi yayikulu, yomwe imakhala ndi clutch yamagetsi yopanda kukonza yomwe imayang'anira kuyiyambitsa.

Kuyendera koyenera kwamkati komanso kuchuluka kwa ma drive a lamba kumapangitsa kuti zozungulira za kompresa zizizungulira kasanu liwiro la crankshaft yamagalimoto. Compressor imamangiriridwa ku chipika cha injini kumbali yolowera, ndipo chowongolera chimayeza kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga komwe kumachitika.

Pamene throttle yatsekedwa, compressor imapanga kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa liwiro lamakono. Mpweya woponderezedwa umakakamizika kulowa mu turbocharger ndipo mphuno imatseguka pamphamvu kwambiri, yomwe imalekanitsa mpweya kukhala kompresa ndi turbocharger.

Zovuta zantchito

Zomwe tatchulazi za kutentha kwakukulu kwa ntchito ndi katundu wosiyanasiyana pazinthu zamapangidwe ndizinthu zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kulimba kwa turbocharger. Kugwira ntchito molakwika kumapangitsa kuti makinawo azivala mwachangu, kutenthedwa ndipo, chifukwa chake, kulephera. Pali zizindikiro zingapo zodziwikiratu zakusokonekera kwa turbocharger, monga "kuliza" mokweza, kutaya mphamvu mwadzidzidzi pakuthamanga, utsi wabuluu kuchokera ku utsi, kupita kumalo owopsa, ndi uthenga wolakwika wa injini wotchedwa "bang". "Chongani injini" komanso mafuta ozungulira turbine ndi mkati mwa chitoliro mpweya.

Ma injini ang'onoang'ono amakono ali ndi njira yotetezera turbo kuti isatenthedwe. Pofuna kupewa kudziunjikira kutentha, turbine imakhala ndi njira zoziziritsa kukhosi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti injini ikazimitsidwa, madziwo amapitilirabe ndipo njirayo imapitilira mpaka kutentha koyenera kufikika, molingana ndi mawonekedwe amafuta. Izi zimatheka ndi pampu yamagetsi yamagetsi yomwe imagwira ntchito mosadalira injini yoyaka mkati. Woyang'anira injini (kudzera pa relay) amayendetsa ntchito yake ndikuyambitsa pamene injini ikufika pa torque yoposa 100 Nm ndi kutentha kwa mpweya muzowonjezera zopitirira 50 ° C.

turbo hole zotsatira

The kuipa kwa injini zina supercharged ndi mphamvu apamwamba ndi otchedwa. turbo lag effect, i.e. kutsika kwakanthawi kokwanira kwa injini panthawi yonyamuka kapena kufuna kuthamanga kwambiri. Kukula kwa kompresa, kumawoneka bwino kwambiri, chifukwa kumafunikira nthawi yochulukirapo ya zomwe zimatchedwa "Spinning".

Injini yaying'ono imapanga mphamvu mwamphamvu, turbine yomwe idayikidwa ndi yaying'ono, kotero kuti zotsatira zake zimachepetsedwa. Torque imapezeka kuchokera kumayendedwe otsika a injini, omwe amatsimikizira chitonthozo pakugwira ntchito, mwachitsanzo, m'mizinda. Mwachitsanzo, mu injini ya VW 1.4 TSI yokhala ndi 122 hp. (EA111) kale pa 1250 rpm, pafupifupi 80% ya torque yonse ikupezeka, ndipo kuthamanga kwakukulu kowonjezereka ndi 1,8 bar.

Akatswiri, pofuna kuthetsa vutoli kwathunthu, adapanga njira yatsopano, yomwe ndi turbocharger yamagetsi (E-turbo). Dongosololi likuwoneka mochulukira mu injini zotsika mphamvu. Njirayi imachokera ku mfundo yakuti rotor, yomwe imayendetsa mpweya mu injini, imazungulira mothandizidwa ndi galimoto yamagetsi - chifukwa cha izi, zotsatira zake zimatha kuthetsedwa.

Zoona kapena nthano?

Anthu ambiri ali ndi nkhawa kuti ma turbocharger omwe amapezeka m'mainjini ocheperako amatha kulephera mwachangu, zomwe zitha kukhala chifukwa cholemetsa. Tsoka ilo, iyi ndi nthano yobwerezedwa mobwerezabwereza. Chowonadi ndi chakuti moyo wautali umadalira kwambiri momwe mumagwiritsira ntchito, kuyendetsa ndikusintha mafuta anu - pafupifupi 90% ya zowonongeka zimayambitsidwa ndi wogwiritsa ntchito.

Zimaganiziridwa kuti magalimoto okhala ndi mtunda wa makilomita 150-200 zikwizikwi a gulu la chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha kulephera. M'zochita, magalimoto ambiri ayenda makilomita oposa kilomita imodzi, ndipo gawo lofotokozedwa likugwirabe ntchito mpaka lero. Makina amati mafuta amasintha makilomita 30-10 aliwonse, i.e. Moyo wautali, umakhudza kwambiri mkhalidwe wa turbocharger ndi injini yokha. Chifukwa chake tidzachepetsa zosinthika kukhala 15-XNUMX zikwi. km, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mafuta molingana ndi malingaliro a wopanga galimoto yanu, ndipo mutha kusangalala ndi ntchito yopanda mavuto kwa nthawi yayitali.  

Kuthekanso kukonzanso zinthu kumawononga ndalama kuchokera ku PLN 900 mpaka PLN 2000. Turbo yatsopano imawononga ndalama zambiri - ngakhale kupitilira 4000 zł.

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