Kuchepetsa ndi kupita kwa nthawi. Ndi injini iti yomwe mungasankhe kuti musataye ndalama

M'dziko lamagalimoto lamasiku ano, injini zamafuta a turbocharged zokhala ndi mphamvu zochepa ndizofanana ndi magalimoto okwera kwambiri. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti chifukwa turbocharger mphamvu zambiri zimatheka pamene kuchepetsa mafuta. M'nkhaniyi, tiyang'ana pa kusankha kwa subcompact powertrains kuti muyang'ane pamene mukuyang'ana galimoto yogwiritsidwa ntchito nokha, komanso zomwe zimapewa bwino.

Mainjini ovomerezeka:

1.2 Tekinoloje yoyera (PSA)

Injini iyi ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha momwe kuchepetsa kutsika kumayendera limodzi ndi nthawi. Ogwiritsa ntchito komanso amakaniki amayamikila kapangidwe kameneka chifukwa chokhalitsa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochepa. Chikhalidwe cha ntchito ndi chabwino, ngakhale mapangidwe atatu a silinda. Injini imapezeka mumitundu ya 130 hp, komanso 110 hp, 75 hp. ndi 82hp

Matembenuzidwe ofooka amakhala ndi jakisoni wochulukirapo ndipo alibe turbocharger, yomwe kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ena ingakhale mwayi weniweni. Mabaibulo omwe amafunidwa mwachilengedwe adalowa pamsika mu 2012, ndi ma turbocharged mu 2014. Kuyendetsa kumakhala ndi kulemera kochepa, kumachepetsa kukangana kwamkati ndi njira yoziziritsira ya magawo awiri. Zolakwa zochepa, mwa zina, lamba wothandizira ndi crankshaft yotayira. Injini imapezeka, mwa zina, mu Peugeot 308 II kapena Citroen C4 Cactus.

1.0 MPI / TSI EA211 (Volkswagen)

Iyi ndi pulojekiti yochokera ku banja la injini zolembedwa ndi code EA211. Chigawochi chili ndi masilinda 3 ndipo chimapezekanso mu mtundu wachilengedwe (MPI). Poyendetsa nthawi, wopanga adagwiritsa ntchito lamba wotchipa komanso wokhazikika (modabwitsa) poyerekeza ndi mapangidwe akale oyendetsedwa ndi unyolo (EA111). Injini yopanda turbocharger imapezeka, mwachitsanzo, mu VW Polo, Seat Ibiza kapena Skoda Fabia. Idawonekera pamsika mu 2011 ndipo imapanga mphamvu kuchokera ku 60 mpaka 75 hp. Mphamvu zake zili pamlingo wovomerezeka.

Ogwiritsa ntchito akuti iyi ndiye injini yoyenera kuyenda mozungulira mzindawo. Pamsewu, sipangakhale mphamvu zokwanira, makamaka podutsa. Makanika anena kuti pampu yoziziritsa ili ndi vuto chifukwa imatha kutha nthawi isanakwane, ngakhale ili si vuto wamba. Injini ili ndi mbiri yokhazikika. Injini ya Supercharged 1.0 (TSI) yakhala ikupanga kuyambira 2014 ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magulu amtundu wa Volkswagen Gulu monga Audi A3, VW Golf ndi Skoda Octavia kapena Rapid (kuyambira 2017). Injini yamafuta ya turbocharged iyi ndi njira yabwino komanso yotsika mtengo yoyendetsera zinthu zomwe zitha kulimbikitsidwa ndi chikumbumtima choyera.

1.4 TSI EA211 (Volkswagen)

Ma injini okwezedwa, osankhidwa a EA211, alinso ndi injini ya 1.4L. Injiniyo ili ndi jakisoni wachindunji ndi turbocharger, ndipo m'mitundu ina ilinso ndi makina oletsa ma silinda kuti achepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ambiri. Njira yozizira yasinthidwanso. Magawo ena a 1.4 TSI adayikidwa pafakitale ya CNG.

Onaninso: layisensi yoyendetsa. Gulu B ndi kukoka ngolo

Malinga ndi zimango, galimotoyo si yotsika mtengo kuti igwire ntchito, ngakhale kuti ndalama zomwe zingatheke kukonzanso zili mkati mwa malire oyenera. Pakadali pano, ogwiritsa ntchito sakuwonetsa zovuta zomwe zimachitika mobwerezabwereza. Kuyendetsa kunayikidwa pa Seat Leon III kapena VW Golf VII.

Honda 1.2 / 1.3 malita (Honda)

Mukasakatula magalimoto ogwiritsidwa ntchito, ndizofala kupeza mitundu ya Honda yokhala ndi injini ya 1.2 kapena 1.3 pansi pa hood. Izi ndizojambula zopambana kwambiri zomwe zidzatumikire mwiniwake wamtsogolo kwa zaka zambiri. Kwa polojekitiyi, Honda adaganiza zogwiritsa ntchito njira ina yachilendo, ndiyo, kwa nthawi yaitali, njinga zamoto za L-mndandanda zinali ndi mavavu awiri pa silinda ndi mapulagi awiri pa silinda. Malinga ndi akatswiri, nthawi zonse (mosamala) muyenera kuyang'ana chilolezo cha valve ndikusintha madzi ogwira ntchito. unit angapezeke mu Honda Jazz ndi CR-Z.

1.0 EcoBust (Ford)

Idawonekera mu 2012 ndipo idawonedwa ndi ambiri ngati gawo lofunikira munthawi yama injini ang'onoang'ono amafuta. Galimotoyo imadziwika ndi kulemera kochepa (kochepera 100 kg) ndi miyeso yaying'ono yokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri. Pafupifupi atangoyamba kumene, adapambana mutu wa "International Engine of the Year 2012" ndipo anali pansi pa Focus, Mondeo, Fiesta, C-Max ndi Transit Courier.

Poyamba, Ford adayambitsa mtundu wa 100-horsepower wogulitsidwa, ndipo patapita nthawi, mtundu wa 125-horsepower. Patapita nthawi, Baibulo la 140-horsepower linawonekera. Madalaivala amayamika kapangidwe kake chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwake, kachitidwe kabwino komanso kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mafuta. Amakanika akuyang'anitsitsa zovuta za dongosolo lozizira, lomwe lingawonekere makamaka ndi mayunitsi opangidwa m'chaka choyamba cha kupanga. Panali kutayikira mwa iwo, zomwe zingachititse moto wa gasket pansi pa mutu, ndipo ngakhale mapindikidwe mutu wokha. Mu 2013, mainjiniya adasintha zinthu kuti athetse vutoli. Masiku ano mutha kupeza magalimoto omwe ayendetsa 300 1.0s. km ndipo amagwiritsidwabe ntchito tsiku lililonse, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti XNUMX EcoBoost ndi projekiti yoyenera kuyamikira.

Ndi bwino kupewa injini izi:

0.6 ndi 0.7 R3 (wanzeru)

Malinga ndi zimango, gawoli nthawi zambiri limafunikira kukonzanso (ngakhale zazikulu) pambuyo pakuyenda kosachepera 100 km. km. Itha kupezeka mu Mafuta opangira mafuta (m'badwo W450). Poyamba, pempholi linaphatikizapo voliyumu ya 600 cm3 ndi mphamvu ya 45 hp. Atangoyamba kumene, Smart adawona kuti mphamvu zoterezi sizingakhutiritse ogula. Chifukwa chake, mitundu yatsopano yokhala ndi 51 ndi 61 hp idayambitsidwa, ndipo mitundu ya 2002-lita idayamba mu 0.7.

Ogwiritsa ntchito amanena kuti kukonza galimoto yothamanga ndi yowonongeka mu ntchito yosaloledwa kumawononga ma zloty zikwi zingapo. Zachidziwikire, mu ASO tidzalipira zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, injini nthawi zambiri imalephera ndi clutch, turbocharger ndi unyolo wanthawi.

1.0 EcoTech (Opel)

Injini iyi idagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto a Opel m'ma nineties. Pambuyo pa zaka zambiri za ntchito yaikulu ndi mayesero angapo, banja la injini la Family 1996 linayambitsidwa mu 0. Chigawo cha 1.0 lita, chomwe chinali ndi masilinda atatu, ma valve 12 ndi tcheni cha nthawi, chinali chodziwika kwambiri. Mphamvu zimasiyana kuchokera ku 54 mpaka 65 hp. Mbadwo woyamba unkatchedwa EcoTec, wachiwiri TwinPort ndi wachitatu EcoFlex.

Mafuta amafuta ayikidwa kuphatikiza Corsi (B, C ndi D) ndi Aguilia (A ndi B). Injini si ndalama kwambiri ndipo ali otsika ntchito chikhalidwe. Pambuyo kuthamanga kwambiri kapena zochepa 50 zikwi. km, nthawi zambiri imayamba kupanga phokoso. Kuphatikiza apo, injiniyo imakonda kudya mafuta ochulukirapo. Kutayikira, makamaka kuzungulira chivundikiro cha valve, kumakhala koyenera. Kuti zinthu ziipireipire, masensa amphamvu amafuta amalepheranso. Pambuyo pagalimoto pafupifupi 100 Km, kuthamanga mu injini akhoza kutha. Valve ya EGR nthawi zambiri imakhala yakuda. Ma probe a Lambda ndi ma coils oyatsira amatha kusewera nthabwala zankhanza.

1.4 TSI Twincharger (Volkswagen)

Galimoto imapezeka pansi pa hood, mwachitsanzo, Volkswagen Scirocco III kapena Seat Ibiza IV Cupra. Kusokonekera kofala kwa injini iyi ndikotambasula nthawi. Chotsitsimutsa ndi chosinthira chomwe chimayang'anira magawo anthawi chingakhalenso cholakwika. Pali milandu ya kusweka kwa pisitoni ndi mphete. Ngati chipikacho chawonongeka, kukonza sikungatsika mtengo. Kuphatikiza apo, ogwiritsa ntchito amawona kuthekera kwa kulephera kwa kulumikizana kwa maginito papope yamadzi, kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa jakisoni komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ambiri. M'mizinda, imatha kukhala mpaka 15 l / 100 km, ndipo mumsewu waukulu muyenera kukonzekera chifukwa cha 8 - 9 l / 100 km. Amakanika amati zitsanzo za post-2010 zikuwoneka kuti zilibe vuto.

1.6hp ku (BMW / PSA)

Iyenera kukhala yopangidwa mwaluso kwambiri yomwe imakwaniritsa zofunikira zotulutsa utsi komanso kutsimikizira zotsika mtengo zogwirira ntchito. Ndipotu, zinakhala zosiyana pang'ono. Motor adawona kuwala mu 2006. Ili ndi mutu wa silinda wa silinda wa silindala ndi jekeseni mwachindunji mafuta. Idayikidwa poyambira pansi pa boneti ya MINI Cooper S, ndipo posakhalitsa pambuyo pake komanso pamagalimoto ochokera ku France, monga, mwachitsanzo. DS3, DS4, DS5 ndi 308, ngakhale RCZ. Zoperekazo zidaphatikizanso mitundu yoyambira 140 mpaka 270 hp. Mu miyezi ingapo ya ntchito ndi mtunda, kwenikweni 15 - 20 zikwi. km kungakhale vuto la unyolo wanthawi yayitali.

Okonzawo ananena kuti wovutayo ndi amene wachititsa zimenezi. Cholakwikacho chinakhazikitsidwa pansi pa chitsimikizo, koma chochititsa chidwi, chinthucho sichinasinthidwe mpaka 2010. Tsoka ilo, milandu yotalikitsa nthawi yoyendetsa imadziwika mpaka pano. Kuphatikiza apo, ogwiritsa ntchito injini ya 1.6 THP amafotokoza vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta mopitilira muyeso. Kuphatikiza apo, pulogalamu yamagetsi yamagetsi, turbocharger, yomwe nthawi zambiri imaswa casing, komanso kutulutsa ndi manifolds ambiri, imatha kulephera.

1.2 TSI EA111 (Volkswagen)

Anayamba zaka 11 zapitazo. Ili ndi masilinda anayi, jakisoni wamafuta mwachindunji komanso, turbocharger. Poyambirira, injiniyo idalimbana ndi zovuta zazikulu ndi nthawi, zomwe zidachokera pamapangidwe a unyolo. Pambuyo pakuthamanga kwakanthawi pang'ono, kumatha kupangitsa phokoso, kutambasula, ndipo izi zimachitikanso chifukwa champhamvu yolakwika. 2012 inabweretsa mapangidwe atsopano omwe analandira ma valve 16 (omwe kale anali ndi 8), lamba wa nthawi ndi ma shaft awiri (EA111 inali ndi shaft imodzi). Komanso, mu mayunitsi oyambirira (mpaka 2012) pakhoza kukhala zolakwika mu yamphamvu mutu gasket, kulamulira zamagetsi, utsi dongosolo kuyeretsa mpweya ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta. Makina amatcheranso chidwi pa turbine, momwe machitidwe owongolera amatha kukhala osadalirika. M'badwo woyamba 1.2 TSI injini angapezeke pansi pa nyumba ya magalimoto monga VW Golf VI, Skoda Octavia II kapena Audi A3 8P.

Chidule

Pamwambapa, tidapereka mayunitsi amafuta, zomwe zimatanthauzira bwino msika wamakono wamagalimoto. Opanga magalimoto amayesa kupatsa makasitomala mayankho abwino, koma monga mukuwonera, nthawi zina zinthu zimatha kulakwika. Kupatula apo, mutha kupeza galimoto yogwiritsidwa ntchito yokhala ndi injini yaying'ono (yofupikitsidwa) pansi pa hood, yomwe idzakhala yopanda mavuto komanso yabwino kugwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku.

Onaninso: Kuyesa Opel Corsa yamagetsi