Skyactiv X yokhala ndi mphotho ya auto motor und sport technology

Makina apamwamba a Mazda apambana Media Founder Paul Pietsch Award

Chaka chilichonse auto motor und sport media imapereka mphotho yapadziko lonse lapansi ya Paul Pitch pakupanga ukadaulo. Pomwe kuyenda kwamagetsi kumawonekeranso ngati cholowa m'malo mwa injini zoyaka, mphotho ya Paul Pietsch 2020 yapatsidwa chifukwa cha injini yotentha yotere. Komabe, ili ndi mawonekedwe a avant-garde. Palibe kampani ina yomwe yakwanitsa kuphatikiza kuphatikiza injini ya mafuta ndi autoignition ngati injini ya dizilo, ndi maubwino amitundu yonse ya injini pakupanga. Uwu ndi mwayi woti ndikuuzenso za momwe zida izi zimagwirira ntchito.

Ndi mphamvu ya jakisoni wa petulo ngati mu injini ya dizilo, kuyatsa kwa spark plug, kudziyaka nokha, "λ" komwe kukusintha mosalekeza, Skyactiv X ndiwosintha kwambiri pamakampani amagalimoto.

Kukula kwa injini ya Mazda's HCCI kumabwerera zaka zoposa 30 ndipo kwakukulukulu kumadalira kusanthula kozama kwambiri pakupanga injini ya Wankel. Mibadwo ingapo ya akatswiri amaphunzitsidwa motere, zomwe zimapanga mutu wambiri komanso mavuto, komanso zimabweretsa zambiri.

Munali mkati mwa injini yozungulira pomwe ma prototypes oyamba a makina okhala ndi kusakanikirana kofanana ndi kudziwotcha adapezeka. Injini ya "Wankel" imagwiranso ntchito ngati nsanja yopangira maukadaulo osiyanasiyana okhudzana ndi turbo - iyi ndi RX-7, yomwe imayambitsa ma turbocharger a VNT, ma turbines amapasa ndi kutulutsa mafuta mu injini yamafuta yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Porsche kokha.

X-Files

Komabe, maziko achindunji a Skyactiv X yamakono ndi makina atsopano otsimikiziridwa kale a makina a petro Skyactiv G ndi Skyactiv D. Mukayang'ana mayankho omwe aperekedwa pazidazi, mosakayikira mudzapeza kuti pamlingo wina "amazindikira". "Pafakitale yatsopano ya SPCCI, kuchokera ku zomwe tapeza kuchokera pakuwunika zipinda zoyaka ndi chipwirikiti.

Malinga ndi lingaliro ili, kuyendetsa bwino kwa Skyactiv X kumapitilira mphamvu ya injini ya mafuta ya 2ZR-FXE yoyendetsedwa ndi Toyota Prius (pogwiritsa ntchito kuzungulira kwa Atkinson) ndi 39 peresenti, koma Mazda yomwe ikudziwa kuti mfundo yayikuluyi siyofunika kwambiri mfundo. Nthawi zambiri injini imayendetsa gawo limodzi ndipo mphamvu yamafuta yamafuta imagwa kwambiri. Chifukwa chakuti nthawi zambiri Skyactiv X imagwira ntchito ndi valavu yotseguka yamagulugufe, zotayika pampu zimachepetsedwa kwambiri ndipo magwiridwe antchito awonjezeka. Izi, kuphatikiza chiwerewere chachikulu, zimapangitsa kuti mgwirizano ukhale wogwira bwino ntchito.

Kupambana kwakukulu kwa mainjiniya a Mazda ndikuti Skyactiv X yawo imagwira ntchito modzidzimutsa komanso yodziyatsa yokha pamtunda wothamanga kwambiri komanso zambiri. Mwachizolowezi, chimaphatikizapo njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito osati mu injini za dizilo ndi mafuta, komanso zofanana ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu injini za gasi-dizilo ndi injini zamafuta. Yotsirizirayi imapanganso madera abwinobwino komanso oyipa, koma mosiyana ndi iwo, pomwe njirayi imachitika kwathunthu kutsogolo kwa kung'anima, kwa Mazda, chisakanizo choyipa chimangoyaka zokha mothandizidwa ndi pulagi yothetheka.

Kodi chikuchitika ndi chiyani ku Skyactiv X? Mitengo yonse yoyesera yomwe imagwira ntchito potengera njira ya HCCI yomwe idapangidwa mpaka pano idakhazikitsidwa ndi njira yodziyimira payokha (kutengera kutentha ndi kukakamiza panthawi yakukakamiza komanso kuyambitsa kwamankhwala pakati pamafuta, mpweya ndi mpweya) okhala ndi magwiridwe antchito osakhazikika omwe amapezeka m'njira zingapo. kwa injini yachibadwa. Injini ya Mazda nthawi zonse imagwiritsa ntchito pulagi ngati poyatsira moto. Komabe, kusiyana ndi magwiridwe antchito a injini ya mafuta kumakhala pazinthu zotsatirazi. Izi zimapangitsa kusintha kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kukhala koyenera ndipo njira iyi yoyendetsera HCCI imabweretsa kukhazikika komanso kukhazikika.

Zinthu mwa chiphunzitso

Skyactiv X imakhazikitsidwa ndi Skyactiv G yachilengedwe, yomwe ili ndi ma cylinder anayi, 0,5-lita, yomwe ndiyokhazikitsidwa bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, ili ndi kusunthika kwa 16,3 malita pa silinda, yomwe ndiyabwino kwambiri potengera kuyaka kwamphamvu. Kuti apange zinthu zogwirira ntchito za HCCI, kuchuluka kwa ma geometric compression kudakulitsidwa mpaka 1: 95. Chifukwa chake, chisakanizocho chimakhuthala mpaka kutentha komwe kumayandikira kutentha kwapadera kwa tizigawo ting'onoting'ono ta mafuta ndi ma octane angapo a XNUMXH ndi kutentha kwa injini wamba.

Kutengera deta yochokera ku masensa angapo, pakati pawo ma sensor anayi okakamiza pa silinda iliyonse ndizofunikira, kompyuta imasankha kuti isankhe njira iti. Chotsatiracho chimatsimikiziridwa pamaziko a magawo angapo ogwira ntchito, kutengera liwiro ndi katundu (mwanjira ina, kuchuluka kwa kukhumudwa kwa chopondapo chowongolera) cha injini. Mothandizidwa ndi gawo lapadera la swirl lotchedwa SCV (kuphatikiza valavu yapadera yowongolera mpweya mu imodzi mwa madoko olowera), kuthamanga kwamphamvu kwambiri kumapangidwa mozungulira axis ya silinda. Kutengera momwe zinthu ziliri komanso kutengera kufananiza kwa ma psinjika ndi kuyaka kwamphamvu zokhotakhota, komanso magawo ena ambiri mu "mapu" ofotokozedwatu, jekeseni wamitundu yambiri amabaya mafuta pazovuta zomwe zimayandikira mibadwo yoyamba ya dizilo wamba. machitidwe. - kuchokera 300 mpaka 1200 bar - m'magawo angapo. Izi zimachitika kuchokera ku kugunda kumodzi kwautali (mwanjira yabwinobwino) kupita kumagulu angapo panthawi yomwe mukudya komanso kupsinjika (pa ntchito yodziwotcha). Mwachiwonekere, kukakamiza kwa jakisoni wa mbiri ya injini yamafuta ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga kusakaniza. Komabe, funso lomveka limabuka - kodi magawo onse angasinthe bwanji ngati ndi nthawi yosinthira ku mphamvu ya injini yotsika ndi turbocharging, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu ya silinda, komanso kufunika kowonjezera mafuta ...

Chilichonse chimachitika mwachangu

Mazda's SPCCI patent ndi masamba 44 kutalika komanso zambiri zomwe galimotoyo imayendera mu spark plug auto-ignition mode (SPCCI) kwa nthawi yayitali. Kuwongolera kumakhazikitsidwa pamitundu ingapo yamitundu yodziyimira pawokha ya SPCCI panthawi yogwira ntchito - yomwe ili ndi kusakaniza kosauka kwambiri, kusakaniza kwabwinobwino, komanso kusakaniza kolemera pang'ono. Nthawi zonse, jakisoni ndi kasinthidwe ka swirl kumapanga zigawo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana (stratification) mozungulira mozungulira, ndi malo olemera amkati (mpweya: chiŵerengero chamafuta pafupifupi 14,7-20: 1) ndi malo ocheperako (35). ​—50:1). Zamkati zimakhala ndi "flammability" yokwanira, ndipo zakunja zafika pafupifupi kutentha kofunikira kuti uziwotchera pafupi ndi pakatikati pakufa kwa pisitoni panthawi yoponderezedwa. Kuphulika kwa spark plug kumayambitsa kuyatsa kwamkati, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha ndi kupanikizika kukwera kwambiri, ndipo izi zimapangitsa enawo kuyaka nthawi yomweyo. Popeza palibe kung'anima kutsogolo, izo zimachitika kutentha m'munsimu polowera mapangidwe nayitrogeni oxides, amene kwambiri amachepetsa pamaso pa nayitrogeni oxides, ndi ofooka homogeneous osakaniza amapereka kuyaka wathunthu ndi otsika kwambiri misinkhu particulate nkhani, carbon monoxide ndi ma hydrocarbon.

Malingana ndi zochitika zogwirira ntchito - monga kuthamanga kwapakati ndi katundu wambiri, komanso nthawi zonse pa liwiro lalikulu - makina opangira makina amawombera kuti athandize kupereka mpweya wambiri komanso kuchepetsa kusakaniza. Ngakhale cholinga chake si kuonjezera mphamvu, zimathandiza kuti makhalidwe abwino amphamvu a galimoto. Patent imanenanso kuti galimotoyo ikhoza kukhala ndi turbocharged, ndipo momveka, kutentha kwapansi kungathe kulola kugwiritsa ntchito makina osinthika a geometry. Pakadali pano, kuwongolera ndi makina omvera omvera kwakhala kosavuta (ngati tanthauzo lotere likugwirizana ndi Skyactiv X). Malinga ndi mainjiniya a Mazda, kugwiritsa ntchito turbocharger kumatha kubwera pambuyo pake.

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti adakwanitsa kupanga chinthu chomwe palibe wina aliyense amene adatha kuchita - osati mu mawonekedwe a serial. Ma sensa ambiri amafananizidwa ndi machitidwe okonzedweratu posankha mode, koma zoona zake n'zakuti pochita chizindikiro cha "SPCCI Mode" chikuwonetsedwa pa chiwonetsero cha Mazda nthawi zambiri, ngakhale pamagulu otsika kwambiri komanso okwera kwambiri - ngakhale otsika kwambiri. rpm Mazda3 ikuyenda bwino mu gear yachisanu ndi chimodzi.

Kodi izi zimachitika bwanji m'moyo weniweni?

Pambuyo pa gawo lalitali lachidziwitso, nthawi yafika yoti tiyankhe funsoli - zonsezi zimabweretsa chiyani pamapeto pake. Monga mnzake wa petulo, galimotoyo imanyamula liwiro mosavuta ndikuyankha mwachangu. Pamayesero, kuphatikiza kukwera ndi kutembenuka mu Iskar Gorge, kuphatikizika kwabwinobwino komanso misewu yayikulu, Mazda 3 Skyactiv X imasunga magwiritsidwe ake pamtunda wa pafupifupi 5,2 l / 100 km. Mayeso apakati omwe amayesedwa ndi anzawo ku Germany ndi 6,6 l / 100 km, koma izi zikuphatikizanso kuyendetsa kwambiri. Poyesa kuyendetsa bwino ndalama, amapeza 5,4 l/100 km, yomwe ndi 124 g/100 km CO2, yomwe ikugwirizana ndi Audi A3 2.0 TDI, BMW 118d ndi Mercedes A 200d. Komabe, tisaiwale kuti ngakhale ndondomeko yovuta, makinawa safuna njira zamakono zothandizira gasi, koma, kumbali ina, jekeseni wothamanga kwambiri amawonjezera mtengo wake. Komano, kompresa yaing'ono yamakina ndiyotsika mtengo kuposa turbocharger, chifukwa chake iyenera kuyikidwa ngati mtengo pakati pa injini za dizilo ndi mafuta.

Injini ikugwirizana ndi khalidwe lamphamvu la Mazda 3 ndi zoikamo zake zabwino cornering kosangalatsa. Chiwongolerocho chimayikidwa bwino, ndipo galimotoyo imakhala yosalowerera ndale, kusonyeza chizolowezi chotembenuza mawilo akumbuyo pokhapokha atapsa mtima. Kuwonjezera pa izi ndi kusakaniza kwabwino kwa machitidwe ndi zida zothandizira, zomwe ku Mazda ndi mbali ya zipangizo pamagulu osiyanasiyana. Talankhula kale mokwanira za kapangidwe katsopano ka ergonomic kowongolera. Ntchito sizimayendetsedwa ndi polojekiti ndipo ndizosavuta komanso zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Ponseponse, mkati mwake muli ndi malingaliro owoneka bwino opepuka komanso abwino omwe adangopezeka mumitundu yapamwamba zaka zambiri zapitazo. Mwachidule - Skyactiv X imagwira ntchito - ndipo imakuyatsadi.