Ma scooters ndi magalimoto "onga scooter".

M'zaka zaposachedwa, kutchuka kwa ma scooters amagetsi ndi minofu kwakula, koma magwero azomwe adatulukira atha kuyambira koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX. 

♦ XIX pa. - Maonekedwe a scooter sanali okhudzana ndi luso lililonse. Gudumu lakhala likudziwika kwa zaka zikwi zambiri, ndipo sikunali kovuta kupeza chidutswa cha bolodi, ngakhale pamene umphawi unali woipa. M'zaka za m'ma XNUMX, magalimoto oyenda pansi adatchuka mwachangu pakati pa ana okhala m'matauni osauka. Ma scooters oyamba m'lingaliro lamakono la mawuwa adawonekera kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX m'maiko angapo, kuphatikiza England, Germany ndi USA. Komabe, sizikudziwikiratu kuti ndani komanso komwe adamanga njinga yamoto yovundikira m'njira yomwe tikuidziwa lero.

♦ 1817 - Pa Juni 12 ku Mannheim, wopanga komanso wopanga waku Germany Karl Freiherr Drais von Sauerbronn akuwonetsa galimoto yopangidwa ndi iye yekha, yofanana ndi njinga.1), mmene ena masiku ano amaonera njinga yamoto yovundikira yoyamba. Kupanga kumeneku kunali kosiyana ndi kalembedwe kamakono chifukwa wogwiritsa ntchito sakanatha kuyima, koma kukhala momasuka ndikukankha ndi mapazi onse awiri. Komabe, kasitomala wa nthawiyo sanayamikire kapangidwe kake. Chifukwa chake wojambulayo adagulitsa galimoto yake pamsika chifukwa cha ma mark 5 okha ndikuyamba ntchito zina.

1. Galimoto ya Karl Freiherr Drais von Sauerbronn

♦ 1897 - Walter Lines, mnyamata wazaka XNUMX waku UK, amapanga scooter yoyamba yowoneka ngati zitsanzo zamakono. Bambo a mnyamatayo sanavomereze kupangidwa kwake, koma izi zinachitika chifukwa chakuti sankayembekezera kuti chidolecho chidzakhala chotchuka. Komabe, anali mapangidwe a Walter omwe adakhala amodzi mwa magalimoto oyambirira kuphatikiza ubwino wa mtengo wotsika mtengo ndi malo opangira mphamvu zachilengedwe. Woyambitsa yekhayo adagwira ntchito pakampani ya abambo ake, ndiyeno, pamodzi ndi abale ake William ndi Arthur, adayambitsa kampani ya toy ya Lines Bros (2).

2. Kutsatsa malonda a Lines Bros.

♦ 1916 -Autopeds amawonekera m'misewu ya New York (3) yopangidwa ndi The Autoped ku Long Island City. Magalimoto amenewa anali olimba komanso omasuka kuposa ma kick scooters ndipo anali ndi injini yoyatsira mkati. Wopanga wawo Arthur Hugo Cecil Gibson anali akugwira ntchito kuyambira 1909 pa injini yopepuka komanso yaying'ono yoyendetsa ndege. Mu 1915, anali kale ndi chilolezo cha injini ya 155cc-stroke, yoziziritsa mpweya. cm, ndipo patatha chaka chimodzi adalandira chilolezo cha galimoto imodzi yopepuka ndi injini iyi.

3. Dama jadacha dongosolo lodziimira

The autoped inkakhala nsanja, mawilo m'lifupi kuposa 25 cm ndi chiwongolero, zomwe zinachititsa kuti azitha kuyendetsa galimoto ndi kulamulira injini ili pamwamba gudumu kutsogolo. Kukankhira kutsogolo ndodoyo kunkagwira tchenicho, kwinaku akuchikokera mmbuyo kunachotsa zowombolo ndikumabowola. Kuphatikiza apo, makina oyendetsa magalimoto adapangitsa kuti azimitsa mafuta a injini. Chiwongolero chopinda chinkayenera kuti chikhale chosavuta kusunga galimotoyo. The autoped adapanga liwiro lalikulu la 32 km / h. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ndi ma positi ndi apolisi apamsewu. Ngakhale idalengezedwa ngati galimoto yabwino kwa madokotala ndi ana okulirapo, idakhala yodula kwambiri ndipo kupanga kwa US kudatha mu 1921. Chaka chotsatira, kupanga chitsanzo ichi ku Germany kunathanso.

♦ 1921 - injiniya waku Austria. Karl Schuber anapanga injini ya silinda iwiri ya scooters, yoyatsira maginito, ndi mphamvu ya 1 hp. pa liwiro la 3 km/h. rpm Inamangidwa mu gudumu lakutsogolo, lomwe, pamodzi ndi chiwongolero ndi thanki yamafuta, linapanga malo opangira magetsi kuti aziyika pa scooters ndi njinga za Austro Motorette. Komabe, galimotoyo inakhala yosadalirika monga momwe Arthur Gibson anatulukira. Kupanga kunathetsedwa mu 30s.

♦ 50s - Msikawu umayang'aniridwa ndi ma scooters a injini oyatsira mkati okhala ndi mpando woyendetsa bwino. Mu 1953, chithunzi cha Audrey Hepburn ndi Gregory Peck pakampani yaku Italy ya Vespa scooter chidawonekera pazikwangwani zolimbikitsa filimu ya Roman Holiday, chidwi cha magalimoto osathamanga kwambiri chidafika pachimake. Ngakhale kuti chitsanzo cha Vespa kuchokera mufilimuyi chinkawoneka pawindo kwa mphindi zingapo, chinagulitsa makope oposa 100. makope. Chilichonse chinkasonyeza kuti mapeto a scooter adatha. Komabe, ogwiritsa ntchito achinyamata apeza lingaliro latsopano la magalimoto awa. Anachotsa zogwirizira pa scooters zawo ndikukwera pa bolodi yowongoka. Umu ndi momwe ma prototypes a skateboard adapangidwira.

4. Old Skateboard Makaha

♦ 1963 "Opanga ayamba kugulitsa zinthu zomwe zimayang'ana kuchuluka kwa mafani amasewera atsopano akumatauni a skateboarding. Mpaka pano, izi zakhala zopanga zamwano kwambiri. Ma skateboards anali adakali ndi mawilo achitsulo, zomwe zinkapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta komanso zoopsa kukwera. Magudumu a Clay Composite Makaha Skateboard (4) zinapangitsa kuti ziyende bwino, koma zinatha msanga ndipo sizinali zotetezeka kwambiri chifukwa chokoka bwino.

♦ 1973 - Wothamanga waku America Frank Nasworthy (5) anapereka mawilo opangidwa ndi pulasitiki - polyurethane, omwe anali othamanga, opanda phokoso komanso osagwedezeka. Chaka chotsatira, Richard Novak anasintha mayendedwe. Njira zomata za Road Rider zimalimbana ndi zowononga monga mchenga kuti muyende mwachangu. Kuphatikiza kwa mawilo apamwamba a polyurethane ndi mayendedwe olondola kwasintha ma scooters ndi ma skateboard kukhala zoyendera zowoneka bwino zamatawuni - zabata, zosalala komanso zodalirika.

5. Frank Nasworthy ndi polyurethane rivet

♦ 1974 Honda ikuyambitsa scooter ya matayala atatu ya Kick 'n Go ku US ndi Japan (6) ndi kuyendetsa kwatsopano. Magalimoto amatha kugulidwa kokha pa malonda a mtundu uwu, ndipo lingalirolo linabadwa kuchokera ku zosowa zamalonda. Oyang'anira Honda adazindikira kuti kwa ana omwe amabwera ku malo ogulitsa magalimoto ndi makolo awo, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi chinthu chapadera. Lingaliro la Kick 'n Go linachokera ku mpikisano wamkati wa Honda.

6. Scooter Kick 'n Go kuchokera ku Honda

Kukwera scooter yotere sikunali kukankhira pansi ndi phazi. Wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amayenera kukanikiza gudumu lakumbuyo ndi phazi lawo, lomwe limalimbitsa unyolo ndikuyendetsa mawilo. Kick 'n Go idakulolani kuyenda mwachangu kuposa magalimoto odziwika kale amtundu wofananira. Mabaibulo atatu analipo: ana ndi awiri kwa achinyamata ndi akuluakulu. Chitsanzo chilichonse chinaperekedwa mofiira, siliva, chikasu kapena buluu. Chifukwa cha Kick 'n Go drive yoyambirira, adachita bwino kwambiri. Komabe, ma scooters adachotsedwa pamsika patatha zaka ziwiri chifukwa cha ngozi zomwe zidakhudza ana. Ankaonedwa kuti amathamanga kwambiri moti ana aang’ono sangawuluke okha.

♦ 1985 - Ma scooters a Go-Ped amayamba kugonjetsa msika (7), yopangidwa ndi kampani yaing'ono ya mabanja ku California. Iwo ali ndi zomangamanga zolemera ndi mawilo akuluakulu a rabara kuti ayende bwino. Zitsanzo zoyamba zidapangidwa ndi Steve Patmont kwa iye yekha ndi abwenzi ake - amayenera kupangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuyenda mozungulira mizinda yodzaza anthu. Pamene mwini bizinesi yaying'ono adapatsa Go-Ped, mwina samayembekezera kuti mapangidwe ake apambana.

7. Chimodzi mwazinthu zamtundu wa scooter ya Go-Ped.

Patmont yasintha njira yoyimitsa ndi Cantilever Independent Dynamic Linkless Suspension (CIDLI). Dongosolo losavuta komanso lothandiza kwambiri loyimitsidwa lokhala ndi manja ogwedezeka komanso kuyimitsidwa kosunthika kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa wishbone kumatsimikizira kuyendetsa bwino kwambiri. Wopangayo adasamaliranso chimango cholimba komanso chopepuka, chomwe chidapangidwa ndi chitsulo cha carbon grade ndege. Mitundu ya injini zoyatsira inalipo poyambilira, koma kuyambira 2003 pali ma drive amagetsi abata komanso ochezeka ndi chilengedwe, okhala ndi mota ya DC yopukutidwa yokhala ndi radiator ya Electro Head yomwe imatha kuthamanga kupitilira 20 km / h.

♦ 90s – Mechanical Engineer Gino Tsai (8) akuyambitsa scooter ya Razor. Monga anafotokozera pambuyo pake, anali wofulumira kulikonse, kotero adaganiza zokweza njinga yamoto yothamanga kwambiri ya phazi kuti athe kuyenda mwachangu. Razor inamangidwa kuchokera ku aluminiyamu yamtundu wa ndege yokhala ndi mawilo a polyurethane ndi chowongolera chosinthika. Chinthu chachilendo chinali phiko lakumbuyo, popondapo pomwe gudumu lakumbuyo linaphwanyidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, njinga yamoto yovundikirayo inali ndi mtengo wowoneka bwino komanso wotsika mtengo. M’chaka cha 2000 chokha, Ma Razors miliyoni imodzi anagulitsidwa. Mu 2003, kampaniyo idapatsa makasitomala ake njinga yamoto yovundikira yamagetsi.

8. Jino Tsai ndi Razor scooter

♦ 1994 - Wothamanga waku Finland Hannu Vierikko akupanga njinga yamoto yovundikira yomwe imayenera kufanana ndi kapangidwe ka njinga. njinga (9) kwenikweni inkawoneka ngati njinga, gudumu limodzi lalikulu ndi lina laling’ono pang’ono, komanso lokhala ndi sitepe kwa woyendetsa njingayo m’malo mwa ma pedals ndi unyolo. Poyamba, zinkangoyenera kupangitsa maphunziro a masewera kukhala osavuta - popanda kupweteka pamodzi komanso mogwira mtima kuposa kupalasa njinga. Komabe, kunapezeka kuti galimoto ndi bwino kwambiri mu msika dziko. Ma scooters a Hannu Vierikko amapambana mipikisano yachilimwe ndi yozizira ndipo mtundu wa Kickbike umagulitsa zidutswa zisanu. magalimoto awa chaka chilichonse.

♦ 2001 - Premiera Segwaya (10), mtundu watsopano wagalimoto yokhala ndi mpando umodzi wopangidwa ndi American Dean Kamen. Maonekedwe a galimotoyi adalengezedwa mokweza ndi atolankhani, ndipo ntchitoyi idayamikiridwa ndi Steve Jobs, Jeff Bezos ndi John Doerr. Segway ndi lingaliro latsopano lagalimoto yakumatauni yothamanga komanso yokonda zachilengedwe yokhala ndi zovuta zomwe sizingafanane ndi scooter yapamwamba. Inali galimoto yoyamba yamagetsi yodziyendetsa yokha yamawilo awiri yokhala ndi ukadaulo wokhazikika wokhazikika. Mu mtundu wake wofunikira kwambiri, imakhala ndi masensa angapo, makina owongolera, ndi makina a injini. Dongosolo lalikulu la zomverera limapangidwa ndi ma gyroscopes. Gyroscope wamba ingakhale yokulirapo komanso yovuta kuyisamalira mugalimoto yamtundu uwu, kotero sensa yapadera ya silicon angular rate sensor idagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mtundu uwu wa gyroscope umazindikira kuzungulira kwa chinthu pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya Coriolis yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamlingo wochepa kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, masensa awiri opendekeka adayikidwa, odzazidwa ndi madzi a electrolyte. Dongosolo la gyroscopic limadyetsa zidziwitso ku kompyuta, matabwa awiri osindikizidwa owongolera zamagetsi okhala ndi gulu la ma microprocessors omwe amayang'anira zidziwitso zonse zokhazikika ndikusintha liwiro la ma mota angapo amagetsi molingana. Ma mota amagetsi, oyendetsedwa ndi ma nickel-metal hydride kapena mabatire a lithiamu-ion, amatha kuzungulira gudumu lililonse pa liwiro losiyana. Tsoka ilo, magalimoto sanalandire chisamaliro choyenera kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito. Kale mu 2002, kugulitsa osachepera 50 zikwi mayunitsi, pamene 6 okha anapeza eni atsopano. magalimoto, makamaka pakati pa apolisi, ogwira ntchito m'malo ankhondo, mabizinesi amafakitale ndi nyumba zosungiramo katundu. Komabe, kamangidwe kameneka kakhala kochititsa chidwi kwambiri, kotsegulira njira ya magalimoto odziyendetsa okha omwe akutenga kale msika m'zaka khumi izi, monga ma hoverboards kapena ma unicycles.

♦ 2005 - Nthawi yama scooters amakono amagetsi imayamba. Mitundu ya EVO Powerboards idapeza kutchuka koyamba. Wopanga adayambitsa njira yatsopano yoyendetsa ma liwiro awiri. Bokosi la gear limaphatikiza kudalirika ndi mphamvu ya gear drive ndi kusinthasintha kwa ma drive awiri-liwiro.

♦ 2008 - Swiss Wim Obother, woyambitsa ndi wopanga Micro Mobility Systems, amapanga Micro Luggage II, scooter yolumikizidwa ndi sutikesi. Sutukesi yomwe ili ndi zonse zomwe mukufuna ikhoza kusungidwa, mwachitsanzo, m'chipinda chonyamula katundu cha ndege. Mutha kukoka pamawilo, koma zimangotengera kusuntha kumodzi kuti muvumbulutse scooter ndikupita kuthamanga ndi katundu wanu. Chifukwa chomwe chinapangidwira chinali ulesi - zinkanenedwa kuti Ouboter anali kutali kwambiri ndi sitolo ya masangweji kuti apite kumeneko, koma pafupi kwambiri kuti ayambe galimoto kapena kukoka njinga kunja kwa garaja. Iye ankaona kuti njinga yamotoyo inali njira yabwino kwambiri yoyendera. Lingaliroli linayamikiridwa ndipo mu 2010 adalandira mphoto pa mpikisano wapadziko lonse wa "Red Dot Design Award".

♦ 2009 Go-Ped yakhazikitsa scooter yake yoyamba yoyendetsedwa ndi propane, GSR Pro-Ped. Imayendetsedwa ndi injini ya 25cc3 LEHR 21-stroke propane. Galimotoyo imatha kuthamanga mpaka XNUMX km / h ndipo nthawi yayitali yoyendetsa ndi ola limodzi. Tekinoloje ya injini ya LEHR yapambana mphoto ya EPA Air Protection.

♦ 2009 - Razor imabweretsa scooter yaulere. PowerWing (11) ndi yofanana ndi scooter, koma imafuna wokwerayo kuti asamayende bwino, monga skateboarding. Galimoto ya mawilo atatu imeneyi imayenda uku ndi uku, imalumphira chammbali ndipo imatembenuza madigiri 360. Mawilo apawiri a camber amakulolani kutembenuka, kugwedezeka ndi kuthamanga popanda kukankhira pansi.

♦ 2011 - Andrzej Sobolevski waku Toruń ndi banja lake amapanga Torqway, nsanja yophunzirira kukwera. Banja la Sobolevsky silinabise kuti adakondwera ndi Segway, koma mtengowo unalepheretsa kugula. Kotero iwo anamanga ndi patent galimoto yawoyawo. The Torqway ndi ofanana ndi Segway, koma kukwera nsanja iyi ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kapangidwe kake kamayenda chifukwa cha zingwe ziwiri zomwe zimayendetsa mphamvu ya minofu ya manja. Makina oyendetsa bwinowa amakulolani kuti mutembenuzire kusuntha kwa chiwombankhanga kupita kumayendedwe ozungulira mawilo popanda kutaya mphamvu kosafunikira (chomwe chimatchedwa idling chimachotsedwa). Magalimoto owonjezera amagetsi amakulolani kuti musinthe kuchuluka kwa mphamvu pazokonda za wogwiritsa ntchito chifukwa cha mitundu itatu yoyendetsa. Kukhazikika kwa nsanja sikuperekedwa ndi ma gyroscopes, koma ndi mawilo owonjezera, ang'onoang'ono. Torqway amatha kuyenda pa liwiro la 12 km/h.

♦ 2018 - Kuyamba kwa scooter yamagetsi yachangu kwambiri - NanRobot D4+. Ili ndi ma motors awiri a 1000W ndi batri ya 52V 23Ah lithiamu-ion. Dongosolo lamphamvu ili limalola kuthamanga kwapamwamba kwa pafupifupi 65 km / h ndi mitundu yayikulu yopitilira 70 km. Mitundu iwiri yothamanga, Eco ndi Turbo, imawonetsetsa kuti liwiro limasinthidwa malinga ndi momwe zimakhalira komanso luso la dalaivala.