Siverti

Mphamvu ya cheza ya ionizing pa zamoyo imayesedwa ndi mayunitsi otchedwa sieverts (Sv). Ku Poland, mlingo wapachaka wa radiation wochokera kuzinthu zachilengedwe ndi 2,4 millisieverts (mSv). Ndi X-ray, timalandira mlingo wa 0,7 mSv, ndipo kukhala chaka chimodzi m'nyumba yosatha pa gawo la granite kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi mlingo wa 20 mSv. Mu mzinda waku Iran wa Ramsar (opitilira 30 okhalamo), mlingo wachilengedwe wapachaka ndi 300 mSv. M’madera akunja kwa Fukushima NPP, mlingo woipitsidwa kwambiri wa kuipitsidwa tsopano ukufikira 20 mSv pachaka.

Ma radiation olandiridwa pafupi ndi malo opangira magetsi a nyukiliya amawonjezera mlingo wapachaka ndi zosakwana 0,001 mSv.

Palibe amene adamwalira ndi radiation ya ionizing yomwe idatulutsidwa pa ngozi ya Fukushima-XNUMX. Choncho, chochitikacho sichimatchulidwa ngati tsoka (lomwe liyenera kupha anthu osachepera asanu ndi limodzi), koma ngati ngozi yaikulu ya mafakitale.

Mu mphamvu ya nyukiliya, chitetezo cha thanzi laumunthu ndi moyo nthawi zonse ndizofunikira kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ngoziyo itangochitika ku Fukushima, adalamula kuti atuluke m'dera la makilomita 20 kuzungulira malo opangira magetsi, kenako adawonjezedwa mpaka 30 km. Pakati pa anthu 220 ochokera kumadera omwe ali ndi kachilomboka, palibe milandu ya kuwonongeka kwa thanzi chifukwa cha radiation ya ionizing yomwe yadziwika.

Ana a m’dera la Fukushima sali pangozi. Pagulu la ana a 11 omwe adalandira mlingo waukulu wa radiation, mlingo wa chithokomiro cha chithokomiro umachokera ku 5 mpaka 35 mSv, yomwe imafanana ndi mlingo wa thupi lonse kuchokera ku 0,2 mpaka 1,4 mSv. International Atomic Energy Agency imalimbikitsa kasamalidwe ka ayodini wokhazikika pa mlingo wa chithokomiro woposa 50 mSv. Poyerekeza: molingana ndi miyezo yamakono ya US, mlingo pambuyo pa ngozi pamalire a malo osapatula sayenera kupitirira 3000 mSv ku chithokomiro. Ku Poland, malinga ndi Decree of the Council of Ministers of 2004, tikulimbikitsidwa kupereka mankhwala okhala ndi ayodini wokhazikika ngati munthu aliyense wochokera kudera lowopsa ali ndi mwayi wolandila mlingo wochepera 100 mSv ku chithokomiro. Pamiyeso yotsika, palibe kulowererapo komwe kumafunikira.

Deta ikuwonetsa kuti ngakhale kuwonjezereka kwakanthawi kwa ma radiation panthawi ya ngozi ya Fukushima, zotsatira zomaliza za ngoziyi ndizochepa. Mphamvu ya radiation yojambulidwa kunja kwa malo opangira magetsi idaposa mlingo wovomerezeka wapachaka kangapo. Kuwonjezeka kumeneku sikunapitirire tsiku limodzi choncho sikunakhudze thanzi la anthu. Lamuloli likuti kuti awononge chiwopsezo, ayenera kukhala pamwamba pa zomwe zachitika kwa chaka chimodzi.

Anthu oyamba adabwerera kumalo opulumukirako pakati pa 30 ndi 20 km kuchokera pamalo opangira magetsi patangotha ​​​​miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ngoziyo itachitika.

Kuipitsa kwakukulu m'madera kunja kwa fakitale ya nyukiliya "Fukushima-2012" pakali pano (mu 20) kufika 1 mSv pachaka. Madera oipitsidwa amadetsedwa pochotsa dothi, fumbi ndi zinyalala pamwamba pake. Cholinga cha decontamination ndi kuchepetsa mlingo wowonjezera wapachaka wanthawi yayitali pansi pa XNUMX mSv.

Bungwe la Japan Atomic Energy Commission lawerengera kuti ngakhale ataganizira za ndalama zomwe zimagwirizana ndi chivomezi ndi tsunami, kuphatikizapo ndalama zochotsera anthu, kubweza ndi kuchotsedwa kwa Fukushima NPP, mphamvu ya nyukiliya imakhalabe yotsika mtengo kwambiri ku Japan.

Tiyenera kutsindika kuti kuipitsidwa ndi zinthu za fission kumachepa ndi nthawi, popeza atomu iliyonse, itatha kutulutsa ma radiation, imasiya kukhala radioactive. Chifukwa chake, pakapita nthawi, kuipitsidwa kwa radioactive kumagwera paokha pafupifupi zero. Pankhani ya kuipitsidwa ndi mankhwala, zowononga nthawi zambiri siziwola ndipo, ngati sizitayidwa, zimatha kukhala zakupha kwa zaka mamiliyoni ambiri.

Gwero: National Center for Nuclear Research.