Makina a VTEC a injini yamagalimoto

Magalimoto oyaka amkati akuyenda bwino, akatswiri akuyesera "kufinya" mphamvu yayikulu ndi makokedwe, makamaka osagwiritsa ntchito kuwonjezera zonenepa. Akatswiri opanga magalimoto ku Japan adatchuka chifukwa choti injini zawo zamlengalenga, zaka 90 zapitazo, zidalandira mahatchi 1000 kuchokera ku 100 cm³. Tikulankhula zamagalimoto a Honda, omwe amadziwika chifukwa cha makina awo opumira, makamaka chifukwa cha VTEC system.

Chifukwa chake, m'nkhaniyi tiona za VTEC, momwe imagwirira ntchito, mfundo zoyendetsera kapangidwe kake ndi kapangidwe kake.

Kodi VTEC System ndi chiyani

Kusintha kwa Ma Valve Kusintha ndi Nyamulani Pakompyuta, yomwe imamasuliridwa mu Chirasha, ngati njira yamagetsi yoyendetsera nthawi yotsegulira ndikukweza valavu yamagalimoto omwe amagawa. Mwachidule, iyi ndi njira yosinthira nthawiyo. Makinawa adapangidwa pazifukwa.

Zimadziwika kuti injini yoyaka yamkati mwachilengedwe imakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa kwambiri zotulutsa mphamvu, ndipo chotchedwa "shelufu" yamakokedwe ndiyofupikirapo kotero kuti injini imagwira ntchito moyenera pama liwiro enaake. Zachidziwikire, kukhazikitsa kwa chopangira mphamvu kumathetsa vutoli kwathunthu, koma tili ndi chidwi ndi injini yamlengalenga, yotsika mtengo kupanga ndikupanga ntchito mosavuta.

Kubwerera mzaka za m'ma 80 za zana lomaliza, mainjiniya aku Japan ku Honda adayamba kulingalira za momwe injini yama subcompact ingagwirire ntchito moyenera munjira zonse, kuchotsa "msonkhano" wa valve-to-silinda ndikuwonjezera liwiro logwirira ntchito mpaka 8000-9000 rpm.

Masiku ano, magalimoto a Honda ali ndi dongosolo la 3 Series VTEC, lomwe limadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa zamagetsi zotsogola zomwe zimayang'anira kuchuluka kwa ma lift ndi ma valve kutsegulira mitundu itatu (low, medium and high rpm).

Pa liwiro lopanda ntchito komanso lotsika, dongosololi limapereka mphamvu yamafuta chifukwa cha kusakaniza kowonda, ndikufikira sing'anga ndi liwiro lalikulu - mphamvu yayikulu.

Mwa njira, mbadwo watsopano "VTECH" umalola kuti atsegule imodzi mwamalo awiri olowera, omwe amalola kuti azisunga kwambiri mafuta mumayendedwe amzindawu.

Mfundo zoyambirira za ntchito

Injini ikamagwira ntchito pama liwiro otsika komanso apakatikati, zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zamkati zimasunga valavu ya solenoid kutsekedwa, mulibe mafuta pama rocker, ndipo ma valve amayenda bwino kuyambira kasinthasintha wa ma camshaft cams.

Pakufika pamasinthidwe ena, pomwe pamafunika kutulutsa kokwanira, ECU imatumiza chizindikiritso ku solenoid, yomwe, ikatsegulidwa, imadutsa mafuta ikapanikizika m'miyala yamiyala, ndikusuntha zikhomo, kukakamiza ma cams omwewo kuti agwire ntchito yomwe imasintha kutalika kwa kukweza kwa valavu ndi nthawi yawo yotsegulira. 

Nthawi yomweyo, ECM imasintha kuchuluka kwa mafuta ndi mpweya pobayira chisakanizo cholemera muzipilala za torque yayikulu.

Injini ikangothamanga, ma solenoid amatseka njira yamafuta, zikhomo zimabwerera momwe zidalili, mavavu amayenda kuchokera pamakamu ammbali.

Chifukwa chake, ntchito ya dongosololi imapereka mphamvu ya chopangira chopangira chaching'ono.

Zosiyanasiyana za VTEC

Kwa zaka zopitilira 30 zakugwiritsa ntchito dongosololi, pali mitundu inayi ya VTEC:

•  DOHC VTEC;
•  SOHC VTEC;
•  i-VTEC;
•  Opanga: SOHC

Ngakhale mitundu ya kayendedwe ka nthawi ndi kupwetekedwa kwa valavu, momwe amagwirira ntchito ndi ofanana, mapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe okhawo amasiyana.

Dongosolo la DOHC VTEC

Mu 1989, zosintha ziwiri "Honda Integra" anamasulidwa kwa msika zoweta Japanese - XSi ndi RSi. Injini ya 1.6-lita inali ndi VTEC, ndipo mphamvu yayikulu inali 160 hp. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti injini pa liwiro otsika amakhala ndi kuyankha bwino throttle, dzuwa mafuta ndi chilengedwe ubwenzi. Mwa njira, injini iyi imapangidwabe, koma mu mtundu wamakono.

Kapangidwe kake, injini ya DOHC ili ndi ma camshafts awiri ndi ma valve anayi pa silinda iliyonse. Mavavu aliwonse amakhala ndi ma cams atatu opangidwa mwapadera, awiri mwa iwo amagwira ntchito motsika komanso kwapakatikati, ndipo chapakati "chimalumikizidwa" pama liwiro othamanga.

Makamu awiri akunja amalumikizana mwachindunji ndi mavavu kudzera pamiyala, pomwe kamera yapakatikati imayenda popanda chochita mpaka liwiro lina lifike.

Makamera a camshaft am'mbali ndi ellipsoidal, koma amangopereka mphamvu yamafuta pa rpm yochepa. Liwiro likakwera, kamera yapakatikati, motsogozedwa ndi mafuta, imayambitsidwa, ndipo chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake ozungulira komanso okulirapo, imatsegula valavu panthawi yomwe ikufunika komanso kutalika kwambiri. Chifukwa cha ichi, kudzaza kwamphamvu kumakonzedwa bwino, kuyeretsa kofunikira kumaperekedwa, ndipo mafuta osakaniza ndi mpweya amawotchedwa bwino kwambiri.

SOHC VTEC dongosolo

Kugwiritsa ntchito VTEC kudakwaniritsa zoyembekezera za akatswiri aku Japan, ndipo adaganiza zopitiliza kukulitsa zatsopano. Tsopano ma mota otere amapikisana mwachindunji ndi mayunitsi okhala ndi chopangira mphamvu, ndipo zoyambazo ndizosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito komanso zotsika mtengo.

Mu 1991, VTEC idayikidwanso pa injini ya D15B yokhala ndi SOHC yogawa gasi, ndipo pocheperako ndi 1,5 malita, injiniyo "idatulutsa" 130 hp. Kamangidwe ka unit yamagetsi amapereka camshaft imodzi. Chifukwa chake, ma cams ali pamzere womwewo.

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito mapangidwe osavuta siyosiyana kwambiri ndi enawo: imagwiritsanso ntchito ma cams atatu pamavavu awiri, ndipo makinawa amangogwira ntchito mavavu olowerera, pomwe mavavu otulutsa utsi, mosasamala liwiro, amagwira ntchito muyezo wamajometri komanso nthawi.

Kapangidwe kake kosavuta kali ndi maubwino ake chifukwa injini yotereyi ndiyophatikizika komanso yopepuka, yomwe ndikofunikira kuti magwiridwe antchito agalimoto ndi kapangidwe ka galimoto yonse. 

Ndondomeko ya I-VTEC

Zowonadi mukudziwa magalimoto monga m'badwo wa 7 ndi 8 wa Honda Accord, komanso CR-V crossover, yomwe ili ndi ma motors ndi i-VTEC system. Poterepa, chilembo "i" chimayimira mawu oti wanzeru, ndiye kuti, "wanzeru". Poyerekeza ndi mndandanda wam'mbuyomu, m'badwo watsopano, chifukwa chokhazikitsa ntchito yowonjezera VTC, yomwe imagwira ntchito nthawi zonse, kuwongolera nthawi yomwe ma valve ayamba kutsegulidwa.

Apa mavavu olowera samangotsegulira koyambirira kapena mtsogolo komanso kutalika kwina, koma camshaft imatha kutembenuzidwanso mwanjira inayake chifukwa cha mtedza wamagalimoto womwewo. Mwambiri, dongosololi limachotsa "kuponya" kwa makokedwe, limathandizira, komanso mafuta ochepa.

SOHC VTEC-E dongosolo

M'badwo wotsatira wa "VTECH" umayang'ana pakupeza ndalama zambiri zamafuta. Kuti timvetsetse momwe VTEC-E imagwirira ntchito, tiyeni titembenukire ku chiphunzitso cha injini ndi kuzungulira kwa Otto. Chifukwa chake, kusakaniza kwamafuta a mpweya kumapezeka mwa kusakaniza mpweya ndi petulo muzobweza zambiri kapena mwachindunji mu silinda. Mwa zina, chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa kuyaka kwachangu kwa osakaniza ndi kufanana kwake.

Mofulumira, kuchuluka kwa mpweya ndikotsika, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kusakaniza mafuta ndi mpweya sikuthandiza, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti tikulimbana ndi ntchito yosakhazikika ya injini. Kuonetsetsa kuti magetsi akuyenda bwino, chisakanizo chopindulitsa chimalowa m'mipirayi.

Dongosolo la VTEC-E lilibe makamu owonjezera pakupanga, chifukwa cholinga chake ndi kungochulukitsa mafuta komanso kutsatira miyezo yayikulu yachilengedwe. 

Komanso, chinthu chodziwika bwino cha VTEC-E ndi kugwiritsa ntchito makamera amitundu yosiyanasiyana, imodzi yomwe ili yofanana, ndipo yachiwiri ndi yozungulira. Chifukwa chake, valavu imodzi yolowera imatsegulidwa mosiyanasiyana, ndipo yachiwiri imatseguka movutikira. Kupyolera mu valve imodzi, kusakaniza kwa mpweya wa mafuta kumalowa mokwanira, pamene valavu yachiwiri, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwake, imapereka mphamvu yozungulira, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chisakanizocho chidzawotcha mokwanira. Pambuyo pa 2500 rpm, valve yachiwiri imayambanso kugwira ntchito, monga yoyamba, mwa kutseka kamera mofanana ndi machitidwe omwe tawatchula pamwambapa.

Mwa njira, VTEC-E imangoyang'ana osati chuma chokha, komanso 6-10% yamphamvu kuposa injini zosavuta zam'mlengalenga, chifukwa cha makokedwe osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, sizachabe, nthawi imodzi, VTEC yakhala mpikisano waukulu pama injini abwinobwino.

3-gawo SOHC VTEC dongosolo

Chodziwika bwino cha gawo la 3 ndikuti dongosololi limayang'anira ntchito ya VTEC m'njira zitatu, m'mawu osavuta - akatswiri adaphatikiza mibadwo itatu ya VTEC kukhala imodzi. Njira zitatu zogwirira ntchito ndi izi:

• pama injini othamanga, magwiridwe antchito a VTEC-E amakopedwa kwathunthu, pomwe amodzi mwa ma valve awiri amatseguka kwathunthu;
• pa liwiro lapakati, ma valve awiri amatseguka kwathunthu;
• pama revs apamwamba, cam yapakatikati imachita, kutsegula valavu mpaka kutalika kwake.

Zowonjezera zowonjezera zimapangidwira magwiridwe antchito atatu.

Zatsimikizika kuti mota yotere, yomwe imathamanga nthawi zonse 60 km / h, idawonetsa mafuta a malita 3.6 pa 100 km.

Kutengera ndikulongosola kwa VTEC, dongosololi limapangidwa kuti liziwoneka lodalirika, popeza ndi zigawo zochepa zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pakupanga. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti kuyang'anira magwiridwe antchito onse a mota kuyenera kupitilira pakukonza kwakanthawi, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta a injini ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe ena ndi phukusi lowonjezera. Komanso, eni ake samatanthauza kuti VTEC ili ndi zosefera zake, zomwe zimatetezanso ma solenoid ndi makamu ku mafuta onyansa, ndipo zowonetsera izi ziyenera kusinthidwa makilomita 100 aliwonse.

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi VTEC ndi chiyani ndipo imagwira ntchito bwanji? Iyi ndi njira yamagetsi yomwe imasintha nthawi ndi kutalika kwa kutsegulidwa kwa ma valve ogawa gasi. Uku ndi kusinthidwa kwa dongosolo lofanana la VTEC lopangidwa ndi Honda.

Kodi mapangidwe ndi mfundo zogwirira ntchito za VTEC ndi ziti? Ma valve awiri amadalira makamera atatu (osati awiri). Kutengera kapangidwe ka nthawi, makamera owopsa amalumikizana ndi ma valve kudzera pa rocker, rocker arms kapena pushers. Mu dongosolo loterolo, pali njira ziwiri zogwiritsira ntchito magawo ogawa gasi.