ESP stabilization system - onani momwe imagwirira ntchito (VIDEO)
Dongosolo la ESP ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimakulitsa chitetezo chamagalimoto. Komabe, malinga ndi akatswiri, palibe chomwe chingalowe m'malo mwa luso la dalaivala.
ESP ndi chidule cha dzina lachingerezi Electronic Stability Program, i.е. pulogalamu yokhazikika yamagetsi. Iyi ndi njira yamagetsi yokhazikika. Kumawonjezera mwayi wotuluka m'malo owopsa pamsewu. Izi ndizothandiza makamaka pamalo oterera komanso polowera chakuthwa mumsewu, monga poyendetsa zinthu zopinga kapena kulowa pakona mwachangu kwambiri. Zikatero, dongosolo la ESP limazindikira kuopsa kwa kutsetsereka adakali aang'ono ndikuletsa, ndikuthandiza kusunga njira yoyenera.
Magalimoto opanda ESP, pamene mwadzidzidzi muyenera kusintha njira, nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati filimu:
Zakale za mbiriyakale
Dongosolo la ESP ndi ntchito ya nkhawa ya Bosch. Iwo anayambitsa msika mu 1995 monga zida Mercedes S-Maphunziro, koma ntchito pa dongosolo lino anayamba zaka zoposa 10 m'mbuyomo.
Makina opitilira miliyoni a ESP apangidwa zaka zinayi kuchokera pomwe adalowa pamsika. Komabe, chifukwa cha mtengo wokwera kwambiri, dongosololi linangosungidwa kwa magalimoto apamwamba. Komabe, mtengo wopangira ESP watsika pakapita nthawi, ndipo dongosololi likhoza kupezeka m'magalimoto atsopano m'magulu onse. Njira yoyendetsera kukhazikika ndiyokhazikika pa Skoda Citigo subcompact (gawo A).
Kuyendetsa pa chipale chofewa - palibe zowongolera mwadzidzidzi
Makampani ena alowanso m'gulu lopanga la ESP. Pakali pano amaperekedwa ndi ogulitsa zida zamagalimoto monga Bendix, Continental, Hitachi, Knorr-Bremse, TRW, Wabco.
Ngakhale mawu akuti system kapena ESP adalowa m'chilankhulo cha anthu wamba, Bosch yekha ndiye ali ndi ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito dzinali. Kampaniyo ili ndi dzina la ESP pamodzi ndi yankho laukadaulo. Choncho, mu zopangidwa ena ambiri dongosolo limapezeka pansi pa mayina ena, mwachitsanzo, DSC (BMW), VSA (Honda), ESC (Kia), VDC (Nissan), VSC (Toyota), DSTC (Volvo). Mayina ndi osiyana, koma mfundo ya ntchito ndi yofanana. Kupatula ESP, mayina odziwika kwambiri ndi ESC (Electronic Stability Control) ndi DSC (Dynamic Stability Control).
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Kodi ntchito?
Dongosolo la ESP ndikusintha kwa machitidwe a ABS ndi ASR. Anti-lock braking system (ABS) yomwe idakhazikitsidwa kwanthawi yayitali imapangitsa kuti galimotoyo ikhale yokhazikika komanso yokhazikika pakachitika ngozi mwadzidzidzi. Dongosolo la ASR, nalonso, limapangitsa kuti kudzuka mosavuta ndikuyenda pamalo oterera, kuti magudumu asadutse. ESP ilinso ndi zonsezi koma imapitanso patsogolo.
Dongosolo la ESP lili ndi pampu ya hydraulic, gawo lowongolera ndi masensa angapo. Zinthu ziwiri zomaliza ndi zida zamagetsi.
Dongosololi limagwira ntchito motere: masensa amayesa ngodya yowongoleredwa ndi liwiro lagalimoto ndikutumiza chidziwitsochi ku gawo lamagetsi la ESP, lomwe limatsimikizira njira yagalimoto yomwe imaganiziridwa ndi dalaivala.
Mafuta, dizilo kapena gasi? Tinawerengera ndalama zoyendetsera galimoto
Chifukwa cha sensa ina yomwe imayesa kuthamanga kwapambuyo komanso kuthamanga kwa galimoto mozungulira mozungulira, dongosololi limatsimikizira njira yeniyeni ya galimotoyo. Pamene kusiyana kuzindikirika pakati pa magawo awiriwa, mwachitsanzo, pakadutsa kutsogolo kapena kumbuyo kwa galimotoyo, ESP imayesa kuyambitsa zotsatira zosiyana pakupanga nthawi yoyenera yokonza kuzungulira kwa galimoto mozungulira mozungulira, zomwe zidzatsogolera galimoto kuti ibwerere ku njira yomwe amaganiziridwa ndi dalaivala. Kuti tichite izi, ESP imangoboola gudumu limodzi kapena awiri pomwe imayang'anira liwiro la injini.
Ngati, chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwambiri, pali chiopsezo chotaya mphamvu, makina amagetsi amadzitengera okha. Mwachitsanzo, ngati galimoto yoyendetsa kumbuyo ikuwopsezedwa ndi kugwedezeka kwakumapeto (oversteer), ESP imachepetsa torque ya injini ndi mabuleki gudumu limodzi kapena angapo pogwiritsira ntchito brake pressure. Umu ndi momwe dongosolo la ESP limathandizira kuti galimoto ikhale yoyenera. Chilichonse chimachitika pakagawanika sekondi.
Umu ndi momwe kanema wokonzedwa ndi a Bosch amawonekera motere:
Kulimbitsa thupi kumakhala koterera popanda esp
Ntchito zina
Chiyambireni kukhazikitsidwa kwake pamsika, dongosolo la ESP lasinthidwa pafupipafupi. Kumbali imodzi, ntchitoyi ndi yochepetsera kulemera kwa dongosolo lonse (Bosch ESP imalemera zosakwana 2 kg), ndipo kumbali ina, kuwonjezera chiwerengero cha ntchito zomwe zingathe kuchita.
ESP ndi maziko a, mwa zina, Hill Hold Control system, yomwe imalepheretsa galimoto kuti igubuduze poyendetsa kukwera. Ma brake system amangosunga ma brake pressure mpaka dalaivala akanikiziranso accelerator.
Zitsanzo zina ndi zinthu monga kuyeretsa chimbale ananyema ndi pakompyuta ananyema chisanadze kudzazidwa. Yoyamba imakhala yothandiza pamvula yamkuntho ndipo imakhala ndi njira yokhazikika ya ma pads kupita ku ma brake discs, osawoneka kwa dalaivala, kuti achotse chinyezi kwa iwo, zomwe zimapangitsa kutalika kwa mtunda wa braking. Ntchito yachiwiri imayendetsedwa pamene dalaivala amachotsa mwadzidzidzi phazi pa accelerator pedal: ma brake pads amayandikira mtunda wochepera pakati pa ma brake discs kuti atsimikizire kuti nthawi yaifupi kwambiri yochitira ma brake system ikagwa.
Aquaplaning - phunzirani momwe mungapewere kutsetsereka m'misewu yonyowa
Ntchito ya Stop & Go, nayonso, imakulitsa machitidwe a Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC). Kutengera zomwe zalandilidwa kuchokera ku masensa aafupi, makinawo amatha kuswa galimotoyo kuti iyime ndikuthamanga popanda kulowererapo ngati misewu ikuloleza.
The Automatic Parking Brake (APB) idakhazikitsidwanso pa ESP. Dalaivala akamanikizira chosinthira kuti atsegule mabuleki oimika magalimoto, gawo la ESP limangodzipangira mphamvu kuti ikanikize ma brake pads pa brake disc. Makina omangidwira kenaka amatseka ma clamps. Kuti amasule brake, dongosolo la ESP limamanganso kukakamiza.
Euro NCAP, bungwe lofufuza zachitetezo chamagalimoto lomwe limadziwika ndi kuyesa ngozi, limapereka mphotho zowonjezera pokhala ndi galimoto yokhala ndi dongosolo lokhazikika.
Malingaliro a akatswiri
Zbigniew Veseli, director of the Renault driving school:
- Kukhazikitsidwa kwa dongosolo la ESP mu zida zamagalimoto kwakhala imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pantchito yopititsa patsogolo chitetezo chamagalimoto. Dongosololi limathandizira bwino dalaivala akakhala pachiwopsezo cha kulephera kuyendetsa galimoto. Kwenikweni, tikutanthauza kudumphira pamalo poterera, koma ESP imathandizanso mukafuna kusuntha chakuthwa kwa chiwongolero kuti mudutse chopinga chosayembekezereka panjira. Zikatero, galimoto yopanda ESP imatha kugubuduka. Kusukulu kwathu, timaphunzitsa pa malo oterera pogwiritsa ntchito ESP ndipo pafupifupi cadet iliyonse imadabwa kwambiri ndi mwayi umene dongosololi limapereka. Ambiri mwa madalaivalawa amanena kuti galimoto yotsatira imene adzagule adzakhala ndi ESP. Komabe, mphamvu za dongosololi siziyenera kuganiziridwa mopambanitsa, chifukwa, ngakhale zipangizo zamakono, zimangogwira ntchito mpaka malire ena. Mwachitsanzo, poyendetsa mofulumira kwambiri pamtunda wozizira, izi sizingakhale zothandiza. Choncho, nthawi zonse zimalimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito nzeru komanso kuchitira mtundu uwu wa chitetezo ngati njira yomaliza.
Wojciech Frölichowski
