Matayala odzaza ndi malingaliro - abale a Michelin

Concern Michelin, wopanga matayala wodziwika ku France, kuphatikiza. kwa Formula 1, sizikadakhala kuti sizinachitike mwapadera. Oyambitsa kampani yamphamvu, abale Edouard ndi André Michelin (1), anali ndi mapulani osiyanasiyana a ntchito, koma chifukwa cha makampani a matayala adapeza bwino ndalama.

Mkulu mwa abale André Jules Aristide Michelin (wobadwa 1853), anamaliza maphunziro awo ku École Centrale Paris komwe adalandira digiri ya engineering ku 1877, ndipo adatsegula kampani yachitsulo ku Paris. Junior Edward (wobadwa mu 1859) anatsatira mapazi a abambo ake, Julius Michelinamene ankagwira ntchito mu miyambo, ndipo nthawi yake yopuma ankagwira ntchito kujambula ndi lithography. Edward adaphunzira zamalamulo kuti adzithandize yekha ndipo chidwi chake chinali kujambula ku École des Beaux-Arts ku Paris.

Pamene adayesa dzanja lake monga wojambula malo mu 1886, adalandira kalata yotaya mtima kuchokera kwa azakhali awo omwe adamupempha kuti atenge ndi kusamalira bizinesi ya banja ku Clermont-Ferrand. Kampaniyo, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1832 ndi agogo a abale a Michelin, inali pafupi kugwa. Kampaniyo inali kutaya makasitomala. Ngakhale kuti inali ndi mbiri yabwino, makina a famu ya famuyo anali okwera mtengo kwambiri ndipo anali achikale kwambiri. Edward anayankha kuti "inde", koma anatembenukira kwa mchimwene wake kuti amuthandize. Andre sanangodziwa makinawo, komanso anali ndi luso lazamalonda. Njira yawo yosungira katundu wa banja idafotokozedwa momveka bwino - ayenera kuyang'ana mwayi watsopano wogulitsa.

Mu bizinesi yabanja, pamodzi ndi ngongole, abale a Michelin adalandira cholowa chinsinsi chopangira mphira kuchokera ku mphirandi kufunikira kwa zinthu za labala kunalimbikitsa chitukuko cha mafakitale oyendetsa magalimoto ndi kupalasa njinga. Chifukwa chake adaganiza zoyesa dzanja lawo pantchitoyi. Anapeza ndalama zofunikira kuchokera kwa azakhali awo ndikusintha dzina la bizinesi yabanja. Ndipo mu 1986 Michelin et Cie.

Zotsatira za ulendo wapanjinga wopanda mwayi

Komabe, chiyambi chinali chovuta, ndipo Michelin anali m'modzi mwa makampani ang'onoang'ono omwe amapikisana ndi magnate omwe adayambitsa ndikuyambitsa ndondomeko ya vulcanization mu 1839. Afalansa anathandizidwa ndi mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana.

Tsiku lina masana m’ngululu mu 1889, anachezera fakitale yawo. Wokwera njingaamene tayala linaphwa paulendo. Panjinga yake panali zida zongopeka kumene matayala pneumatic lopangidwa ndi wabizinesi waku Scotland John Boyd Dunlop. Ogwira ntchito ku Michelin anagwira ntchito mwakhama kwa maola angapo kuti akonze matayala akuphwa. Matayala a Dunlop chifukwa anamamatira m'malire, kuwapangitsa kukhala zovuta kuchotsa ndi kukonza.

Izi zitachitika, Edward adakwera pang'ono. njinga yamakono. Anachita chidwi kwambiri ndi kusalala ndi liwiro la tayala lodzazidwa ndi mpweya. Anatsimikizira mchimwene wake kuti tsogolo la makampani oyendetsa galimoto ndi la mtundu uwu wa tayala, komanso kuti matayala a pneumatic adzakhala otchuka kwambiri kuposa matayala olimba a rabara omwe ankadziwika kuti "arrays" omwe ankagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawiyo. Momwe matayala a Dunlop amakwanira amafunikira kusinthidwa pang'ono.

Zaka ziwiri pambuyo pake, mu 1891, anali ndi tayala loyamba losinthika lokhala ndi chubu lamkati, lotchedwa tayala lophwanyika, lokonzeka. Anagwiritsa ntchito kaphatikizidwe katsopano ka ma wheel rimu ndi matayala okhala ndi zomangira zazing'ono ndi zomangira. Izi zinagwirizanitsa zigawo za matayala pamodzi. Pakachitika kubowola, kusintha tayala latsopano kunatenga mphindi 15 zokha, zomwe zikuwoneka ngati zazing'ono lero, koma ndiye zinali. kusintha kwenikweni kwaukadaulo.

Brassia Michelin adalimbikitsanso mwaluso luso lawo. Champion Panjinga Charles Terront adayamba kukwera njinga ndi matayala a Michelin pamsonkhano wa Paris-Brest-Paris mu 1891. Pachiwonetsero chake chodziwika bwino, Terron anayenda makilomita 72 m'maola XNUMX, akusintha matayala kangapo pampikisano. Tayala la Michelin adakopeka ndi chidwi ndipo Michelin adakhala m'modzi mwamakampani ofunikira kwambiri pamakampani opanga vulcanization, poyambirira adangopereka matayala apanjinga.

Edward ndi André anachitanso chimodzimodzi. Anayesetsa kuwongolera luso lawo. Mu 1895, Błyskawica - L'Éclair - idayamba pamsonkhano wa Paris-Bordeaux-Paris ngati galimoto yoyamba yokhala ndi matayala opumira (2). Abale a Michelin adayamba kugonjetsa msika wamatayala agalimoto.

2. Abale a Michelin akuyendetsa L'Eclair ndi matayala oyambira pneumatic pa liwiro lochokera ku Paris kupita ku Bordeaux - kubereka

Anafunikira kutsatsa kogwira mtima mubizinesi yatsopanoyo. Lingaliro la chilengedwe Michelin munthu wotchuka adabadwa m'malingaliro a wojambula wamtsogolo Edouard. Pachionetsero cha General and Colonial Exhibition ku Lyon mu 1898, Édouard anachita chidwi ndi mulu wa matayala ataunjika pamwamba pa wina ndi mnzake. Kuwona kumeneku kunamuuzira kulenga mascot amakampani.

Munthu wotchuka wa bibendum adapangidwa ndi Marius Rossillon, O'Galop. Mtundu woyera wa matayala amene amapanga Bibendum silhouette si mwangozi. Sizinafike mpaka 1905 pamene katswiri wa zamankhwala wa ku England C. K. Mout anatulukira kuti kulemeretsa njira ya vulcanization ndi carbon black kumawonjezera kulimba kwa labala. Izi zisanachitike, matayala a njinga ndi magalimoto anali oyera, ngati a Michelin Man.

Utsogoleri ndi nzeru zatsopano

3. Kalozera woyamba wa Michelin mu 1900.

Kampaniyo inali kufunafuna malingaliro atsopano kuti apeze mayina akuluakulu pamakampani opanga matayala - Goodyear, Firestone ndi Continental. Mu 1900, André anatulukira Michelin wotsogolera (3). The Michelin Red Book of Motorists, lofalitsidwa kwa nthawi yoyamba pa chochitika cha World Expo ku Paris, linali ndi mndandanda wautali wa mizinda ya ku France yokhala ndi maadiresi a malo oti muyime, kudya, kukhuta kapena kukonza galimoto yanu. Bukuli lilinso ndi malangizo Kukonza matayala a Michelin ndikusintha.

Lingaliro la kampeni yotsatsa mu fomu iyi lidakhala lanzeru mu kuphweka kwake. Madalaivala Anapereka Makopi 35 Aulere kalozera wofiira. Mu 1906, Michelin anawonjezera anthu ogwira ntchito pafakitale ya Clermont-Ferrand mpaka anthu oposa XNUMX, ndipo patatha chaka chimodzi anatsegula fakitale yoyamba ya matayala ya Michelin ku Turin.

Abale Eduard ndi Andre adawonetsa kuti anali akatswiri pazamalonda, koma sanaiwale kuti zatsopano ndizofunikira bwanji pakukula kwa kampaniyo, yomwe imadziwikanso ndi kampaniyo mpaka pano. (4). Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX, nyenyezi ya Michelin, itavala tayala latsopano lopondaponda, idafunsa madalaivala ngati akudziwa chifukwa chake sichikuterera? Kuponda kwa Michelin kumaperekedwa bwino kugwira ndi matayala durability. Madalaivala a ku France anasangalala kwambiri ndipo anasintha matayala ambiri. Ndipo abale a Michelin adawerengera phindu.

4. Michelin Modern Concept Matayala ndi Bibendum Man

Pa Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse, likulu losonkhanitsa lidawalola kupanga ndege zikwi ziwiri pazosowa zankhondo zaku France, zomwe zidapanga zana zokha pa ndalama zawo. Ndege za Breguet-Michelin zidanyamuka ku Clermont-Ferrand kuchokera pamalo oyamba a simenti padziko lapansi, omwe adamangidwa ndi abale a Michelin. Zaka zingapo nkhondo isanayambe, adachita chidwi ndi ndege ndipo adayambitsa mphoto yapadera ya Michelin ndi Michelin Cup mu mpikisano wa oyendetsa ndege a ku France.

Mu 1923, Michelin adayambitsa matayala a Comfort kwa madalaivala. woyamba otsika kuthamanga tayala (2,5 bar), yomwe idapereka kugwirira bwino komanso kukhazikika. Mtengo wa mtundu wa Michelin unakula ndipo kampaniyo inakhala ulamuliro wa mamiliyoni a madalaivala.

Pogwiritsa ntchito mwayi wawo pamsika, abale a Michelin adayambitsa nyenyezi yodziwika bwino mu 1926, yomwe idakhala mpikisano wamtengo wapatali komanso wosilira kwa eni mahotela ndi odyera. André Michelin anamwalira mu 1931, Edouard Michelin mu 1940. Mu 1934, banja la Michelin lidapeza fakitale yamagalimoto yaku France Citroen, yomwe idathetsedwa. Kotala la miliyoni ntchito zidapulumutsidwa, zonena za obwereketsa ndi masauzande ang'onoang'ono opulumutsa zidathetsedwa. Edward ndi André anapatsira mbadwa zawo ufumu wamphamvu umene unali utatha kalekale kukhala kampani ya matayala.

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