Cipher ndi lupanga
Monga momwe zilili ndi nkhani zambiri zokhudzana ndi sayansi yamakono ndi zamakono, zofalitsa ndi zokambirana zosiyanasiyana zimasonyeza bwino mbali zoipa za chitukuko cha intaneti, kuphatikizapo intaneti ya Zinthu, monga kuukira kwachinsinsi. Pakali pano, ndife ocheperako. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa matekinoloje oyenerera, tili ndi zida zoteteza zinsinsi zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito pa intaneti sankaziganizira n’komwe.
Kuchuluka kwa intaneti, monga kuchuluka kwa mafoni, kwakhala kulandidwa ndi mautumiki osiyanasiyana ndi zigawenga. Palibe chatsopano mu izi. Zadziwikanso kuti mutha kusokoneza kwambiri ntchito ya "anthu oyipa" mwa kubisa kulumikizana kwanu. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa zakale ndi zamakono ndikuti masiku ano kubisa ndi kosavuta komanso kosavuta ngakhale kwa omwe ali ndi luso lapamwamba kwambiri.
Chizindikiro chakhazikitsidwa ku smartphone
Pakadali pano, tili ndi zida monga kugwiritsa ntchito foni. chizindikirozomwe zimakulolani kucheza ndi kutumiza mauthenga a SMS m'njira yotetezeka komanso yobisika. Palibe wina aliyense koma wolandira amene adzatha kumvetsa tanthauzo la kuyimba ndi mawu kapena meseji. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti Signal ndiyosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazida zonse za iPhone ndi Android. pali ntchito yofanana Kapolo.
Njira monga VPN kapena TRzomwe zimatilola kubisa zomwe timachita pa intaneti. Mapulogalamu omwe amapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito zanzeruzi zitha kutenga nthawi yayitali kutsitsa, ngakhale pazida zam'manja.
Zomwe zili mu imelo zitha kutetezedwa bwino pogwiritsa ntchito kubisa kapena kusinthana ndi maimelo monga ProtonMail, Hushmail kapena Tutota. Zomwe zili m'bokosi la makalata zimasungidwa m'njira yoti olemba sangathe kutumiza makiyi omasulira. Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito ma inbox wamba a Gmail, mutha kubisa zomwe zatumizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito chowonjezera cha Chrome chotchedwa SecureGmail.
Titha kupewa kusaka ma tracker pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapagulu mwachitsanzo. mapulogalamu monga osandilondola, AdNauseam, TrackMeNot, Ghostery ndi zina. Tiyeni tiwone momwe pulogalamu yotere imagwirira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito msakatuli wa Ghostery monga chitsanzo. Zimalepheretsa ntchito zamitundu yonse yowonjezera, zolemba zomwe zimatsata ntchito yathu, ndi mapulagini omwe amalola kugwiritsa ntchito malo ochezera a pa Intaneti kapena ndemanga (otchedwa trackers). Chifukwa chake, mutatha kuyatsa Ghostery ndikusankha njira yoletsa zowonjezera zonse mu nkhokwe, sitidzawonanso zolembera zamalonda, Google Analytics, mabatani a Twitter, Facebook, ndi ena ambiri.
Makiyi patebulo
Pali kale machitidwe ambiri a cryptographic omwe amapereka izi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mabungwe, mabanki ndi anthu pawokha. Tiyeni tione otchuka kwambiri a iwo.
OF () idapangidwa mu 70s ku IBM ngati gawo la mpikisano kuti apange cryptosystem yabwino kwa boma la US. Dongosolo la DES algorithm limatengera kiyi yachinsinsi ya 56-bit yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kubisa midadada ya 64-bit ya data. Ntchitoyi imachitika mu magawo angapo kapena angapo, pomwe mawu a uthengawo amasinthidwa mobwerezabwereza. Mofanana ndi njira iliyonse yachinsinsi yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito kiyi yachinsinsi, kiyiyo iyenera kudziwika kwa wotumiza ndi wolandira. Popeza uthenga uliwonse umasankhidwa mwachisawawa pakati pa 72 quadrillion zotheka mauthenga, mauthenga obisika ndi algorithm ya DES ankawoneka ngati osasweka kwa nthawi yaitali.
Njira ina yodziwika bwino ndiyo AES (), wotchedwanso Rijndaelyomwe imapanga 10 (128-bit key), 12 (192-bit key), kapena 14 (256-bit key) kuzungulira. Zimaphatikizapo kusinthidwa kusanachitike, kuvomereza kwa matrix (kusakanikirana kwa mizere, kusakanikirana kwa mizere) ndi kusintha kwakukulu.
Pulogalamu ya PGP public key idapangidwa mu 1991 ndi Philip Zimmermann ndipo idapangidwa mothandizidwa ndi gulu lapadziko lonse lapansi la omanga. Ntchitoyi inali yopambana - kwa nthawi yoyamba nzika wamba inapatsidwa chida chotetezera chinsinsi, chomwe ngakhale mautumiki apadera omwe ali ndi zida zambiri anakhalabe opanda thandizo. Pulogalamu ya PGP idayenda pa Unix, DOS, ndi nsanja zina zambiri ndipo idapezeka kwaulere ndi ma source code.
Chizindikiro chakhazikitsidwa ku smartphone
Masiku ano, PGP imalola osati kubisa maimelo kuti asawonedwe, komanso kusaina (kusaina) maimelo obisika kapena osadziwika m'njira yomwe imalola wolandirayo kudziwa ngati uthengawo ukuchokeradi kwa wotumizayo komanso ngati zomwe zili mkati mwake zakhala. zosinthidwa ndi anthu ena pambuyo kusaina. Chofunikira kwambiri pakuwona kwa wogwiritsa ntchito imelo ndi chakuti njira zolembera potengera njira yachinsinsi ya anthu sizifuna kuti makiyi achinsinsi atumizidwe panjira yotetezedwa (ie, chinsinsi). Chifukwa cha izi, kugwiritsa ntchito PGP, anthu omwe imelo (njira yosakhala yachinsinsi) ndiyo njira yokhayo yolumikizirana yomwe ingagwirizane.
GPG kapena GnuPG (- GNU Privacy Guard) ndi cholowa m'malo mwaulere cha pulogalamu yachinsinsi ya PGP. GPG imasunga mauthenga okhala ndi ma asymmetric key pairs omwe amapangidwira ogwiritsa ntchito payekha. Makiyi apagulu amatha kusinthana mwanjira zosiyanasiyana, monga kugwiritsa ntchito ma seva ofunikira pa intaneti. Ayenera kusinthidwa mosamala kuti apewe ngozi yoti anthu osaloledwa adzinamizire kuti ndi amene amatumiza.
Ziyenera kumveka kuti makompyuta onse a Windows ndi makina a Apple amapereka kubisa kwa data kuchokera ku fakitale kutengera mayankho achinsinsi. Mukungofunika kuwathandizira. Njira yodziwika bwino ya Windows yotchedwa BitLocker (imagwira ntchito ndi Vista) imasunga gawo lililonse la magawowo pogwiritsa ntchito algorithm ya AES (128 kapena 256 bits). Kubisa ndi kubisa kumachitika pamunsi kwambiri, kupangitsa kuti makinawo asawonekere pamakina ndi mapulogalamu. Ma cryptographic algorithms omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu BitLocker ndi ovomerezeka a FIPS. Zofanana, ngakhale sizikugwira ntchito chimodzimodzi, yankho la Macs FileVault.
Komabe, kwa anthu ambiri, kubisa kwadongosolo sikokwanira. Amafuna zosankha zabwino kwambiri, ndipo pali zambiri. Chitsanzo chingakhale pulogalamu yaulere TrueCryptMosakayikira ndi imodzi mwamapulogalamu abwino kwambiri oteteza deta yanu kuti isawerengedwe ndi anthu osaloledwa. Pulogalamuyi imateteza mauthenga mwa kubisa ndi imodzi mwa njira zitatu zomwe zilipo (AES, Serpent ndi Twofish) kapenanso ndondomeko yawo.
Osachita katatu
Chiwopsezo chachinsinsi cha wogwiritsa ntchito foni yam'manja (komanso "selo" yokhazikika) imayamba pomwe chipangizocho chimayatsidwa ndikulembetsedwa mu netiweki ya opareshoni. (zomwe zimaphatikizapo kuwulula nambala ya IMEI yomwe imazindikiritsa kopeli ndi nambala ya IMSI yomwe imazindikiritsa SIM khadi). Izi zokha zimakulolani kuti muzitsatira zida molondola kwambiri. Kwa ichi timagwiritsa ntchito classic njira ya triangulation pogwiritsa ntchito masiteshoni am'manja apafupi. Kusonkhanitsa kwakukulu kwa deta yotere kumatsegula njira yogwiritsira ntchito njira zofufuzira machitidwe osangalatsa mwa iwo.
Deta ya GPS ya chipangizocho imapezeka ku makina ogwiritsira ntchito, ndipo mapulogalamu omwe akuyenda mmenemo - osati oipa okha - amatha kuwawerenga ndikuwapangitsa kuti azipezeka kwa anthu ena. Zokonda zosasinthika pazida zambiri zimalola kuti datayi iululidwe ku mapulogalamu a mapu omwe oyendetsa (monga Google) amasonkhanitsa chilichonse m'malo awo osungira.
Ngakhale kuwopsa kwachinsinsi komwe kumakhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mafoni a m'manja, ndizothekabe kuchepetsa zoopsa. Mapulogalamu alipo kuti amakulolani kusintha IMEI ndi MAC manambala a zipangizo. Mukhozanso kuchita ndi njira zakuthupi "zinasowa", ndiko kuti, zinakhala zosawoneka kwa woyendetsa. Posachedwapa, zida zawonekeranso zomwe zimatilola kudziwa ngati nthawi zina tikuukira malo abodza.
Private virtual network
Njira yoyamba komanso yofunika kwambiri yotetezera zinsinsi za wogwiritsa ntchito ndi kulumikizana kotetezeka komanso kosadziwika kwa intaneti. Momwe mungasungire zachinsinsi pa intaneti ndikuchotsa zomwe zatsala?
Yoyamba mwazosankha zomwe zilipo ndi VPN mwachidule. Njira yothetsera vutoli imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ndi makampani omwe amafuna kuti antchito awo agwirizane ndi maukonde awo amkati kudzera pa intaneti yotetezeka, makamaka pamene ali kutali ndi ofesi. Zinsinsi zapaintaneti pakakhala VPN zimatsimikizidwa mwa kubisa kulumikizanako ndikupanga "njira" yapadera mkati mwa intaneti. Mapulogalamu otchuka a VPN amalipidwa USAIP, Hotspot, Shield kapena OpenVPN yaulere.
Kukonzekera kwa VPN sikophweka, koma yankho ili ndi limodzi mwazinthu zothandiza kwambiri kuteteza zinsinsi zathu. Kuti muteteze deta yowonjezera, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito VPN pamodzi ndi Tor. Komabe, izi zili ndi zovuta zake komanso ndalama zake, chifukwa zimalumikizidwa ndi kutayika kwa liwiro la kulumikizana.
Kunena za netiweki ya Tor… Mawu awa afupikitsa amawoneka ngati , ndipo katchulidwe ka anyezi amatanthauza kapangidwe ka netiweki iyi. Izi zimalepheretsa kuwunika kuchuluka kwa anthu pamanetiweki athu motero zimapatsa ogwiritsa ntchito mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito intaneti mosadziwika. Monga maukonde a Freenet, GNUnet, ndi MUTE, Tor itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kudutsa njira zosefera, kuwunika, ndi zoletsa zina zolumikizirana. Imagwiritsa ntchito cryptography, kubisa kwamitundu yambiri ya mauthenga omwe amatumizidwa ndipo motero imatsimikizira chinsinsi cha kufalikira pakati pa ma routers. Wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ayenera kuyendetsa pa kompyuta yake seva ya proxy. Mu netiweki, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto kumatumizidwa pakati pa ma routers, ndipo pulogalamuyo nthawi ndi nthawi imakhazikitsa dera lozungulira pa netiweki ya Tor, kenako imafika kumalo otuluka, pomwe paketi yosadziwika imatumizidwa komwe ikupita.
Pa intaneti popanda kufufuza
Tikamasakatula mawebusayiti mumsakatuli wokhazikika, timasiya zomwe zachitika. Ngakhale mutayambiranso, chidacho chimasunga ndikusamutsa zambiri monga mbiri yosakatula, mafayilo, ma logins, komanso mapasiwedi. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zosankha kuti mupewe izi mode payekha, tsopano ikupezeka m'masakatuli ambiri. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake ndi cholinga choletsa kusonkhanitsa ndi kusunga zidziwitso zokhudzana ndi zochitika za ogwiritsa ntchito pa intaneti. Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kugwira ntchito motere, sitidzakhala osawoneka ndipo sitidziteteza kwathunthu kuti tisatsatire.
Mbali ina yofunika ya chitetezo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito https. Titha kukakamiza kutumiza pamalumikizidwe obisika pogwiritsa ntchito zida monga chowonjezera cha Firefox ndi Chrome HTTPS Kulikonse. Komabe, momwe zimagwirira ntchito ndikuti tsamba lomwe timalumikizana nalo limapereka kulumikizana kotetezeka kotere. Mawebusayiti otchuka monga Facebook ndi Wikipedia akuchita kale izi. Kuphatikiza pa kubisa kokha, kugwiritsa ntchito HTTPS kulikonse kumalepheretsa kuukira komwe kumaphatikizapo kulowetsa ndikusintha mauthenga omwe amatumizidwa pakati pa magulu awiri popanda kudziwa kwawo.
Njira ina yodzitchinjiriza motsutsana ndi maso msakatuli. Tinatchula zowonjezera zotsutsana ndi kufufuza kwa iwo. Komabe, njira yabwino kwambiri ndikusinthira osatsegula m'malo mwa Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer, Safari, ndi Opera. Pali njira zina zambiri, mwachitsanzo: Avira Scout, Brave, Cocoon kapena Epic Privacy Browser.
Aliyense amene sakufuna kuti mabungwe akunja atolere zomwe talowetsa mubokosi losakira ndipo akufuna kuti zotsatira zizikhala "zosasefedwa" aganizire njira ina ya Google. Ndi, mwachitsanzo, za. DuckDuckGo, ndiko kuti, injini yosakira yomwe siyisonkhanitsa zambiri za wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ndipo sichimapanga mbiri ya wogwiritsa ntchito, kukulolani kuti musefe zotsatira zomwe zikuwonetsedwa. DuckDuckGo imawonetsa aliyense - mosasamala kanthu za malo kapena zochitika zam'mbuyomu - maulalo omwewo, osankhidwa kuti agwirizane ndi mawu oyenera.
Lingaliro linanso ixquick.com - omwe adawalenga amati ntchito yawo ikadali injini yosakira yokhayo yomwe siyilemba nambala ya IP ya wogwiritsa ntchito.
Zomwe Google ndi Facebook amachita ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri deta yathu. Mawebusaiti onsewa, omwe panopa akulamulira pa Intaneti, amalimbikitsa ogwiritsa ntchito kuti awapatse zambiri momwe angathere. Ichi ndi chinthu chawo chachikulu, chomwe amagulitsa kwa otsatsa m'njira zambiri. mbiri zamakhalidwe. Chifukwa cha iwo, otsatsa amatha kukonza zotsatsa kuti zigwirizane ndi zokonda zathu.
Anthu ambiri amamvetsetsa bwino izi, koma alibe nthawi ndi mphamvu zokwanira kuti asiyane ndikuyang'anira nthawi zonse. Sikuti aliyense akudziwa kuti zonsezi zitha kugwedezeka mosavuta patsamba lomwe limapereka kufufutidwa kwa akaunti nthawi yomweyo pamawebusayiti ambiri (kuphatikiza). Chochititsa chidwi cha JDM ndi jenereta yodziwika bwino - zothandiza kwa aliyense amene sakufuna kulembetsa ndi deta yeniyeni ndipo sadziwa za bio yabodza. Kudina kumodzi ndikokwanira kuti mupeze dzina latsopano, surname, tsiku lobadwa, adilesi, malowedwe, mawu achinsinsi, komanso kufotokozera mwachidule komwe kumatha kuyikidwa mu "za ine" chimango pa akaunti yopangidwa.
Monga mukuonera, pankhaniyi, intaneti imathetsa bwino mavuto omwe sitingakhale nawo popanda iwo. Komabe, pali chinthu chabwino pankhondo iyi yachinsinsi komanso mantha okhudzana nawo. Kuzindikira zachinsinsi komanso kufunika koziteteza kumapitilira kukula. Chifukwa cha zida zaukadaulo zomwe tafotokozazi, titha, ngati tikufuna (ndipo ngati tikufuna), tiyimitsa bwino kulowerera kwa "anthu oyipa" m'miyoyo yathu ya digito.
