Sedan - ndi magalimoto amtundu wanji komanso mitundu yanji

Atayamba kukagula galimoto yakeyake, chinthu choyamba chomwe woyendetsa galimoto amayang'ana ndi mawonekedwe amthupi. Mosakayikira, galimotoyo "iyenera kuyambitsa chidwi pakati pa onse omwe amawadziwa," koma choyambirira chimaperekedwa ku makalata omwe cholinga chagalimotoyo, m'malo molemekeza mafashoni. Mwina ndichifukwa chake amalonda wamba amasankha sedan. Ngakhale mizere yomveka ya tanthauzo ili pakadali pano ili yovuta kwambiri, zinthu zazikulu zidakalipobe. Ndipo ndi ziti - nkhaniyi idzafotokoza. 

Mu chisokonezo chomwe chakhala chikuchitika mzaka khumi zapitazi, ndizovuta kwambiri kudziwa mtundu wa mtundu uwu kapena mtunduwo. Ndipo kuti musalakwitse ndikusankha, mwiniwake wamtsogolo ayenera kudziwa zambiri zomwe zimawunikira momwe magalimoto akuyendera pamagawo ake, ndipo chifukwa chake - pazotheka.

Kuyambira pachiyambi pomwe ilowa mumsika wamagalimoto, sedan imakhalabe yotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ngakhale ogula aku Europe ali ndi zomwe amakonda. Sitikakamira kuti ichi ndiye chisankho chabwino kwambiri, chifukwa mawu ngati awa ndi olakwika pokhudzana ndi opanga ambiri apamwamba, masewera kapena magalimoto ang'onoang'ono.

Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri chogulitsa magalimoto a sedan chimachitika ku Russia komanso m'maiko omwe kale anali Soviet Union. Ndipo monga ziwerengero za 2019 zidawonetsera, Tesla Model 3 sedan idakhala mtundu wamagalimoto ogulitsa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Mbiri ya thupili imalankhula zakukwera ndi kutsika, komabe, imatha kukhala pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri.

Mfundo ndiyakuti, mwachidziwikire, ndi yothandiza, koma zomwe zimapangidwa ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa thupi lama coupe - tiyeni tiwone bwino.

Kodi sedan ndi chiyani

M'mawu achikale, thupi la sedan lili ndi magawo atatu owoneka, ndiye kuti, lagawika magawo atatu omveka bwino: nyumba ya injini, kanyumba ka driver ndi okwera, ndi thunthu lonyamula katundu. Ubwino waukulu wamagalimoto amtunduwu ndi awa:

• kocheperako komanso nthawi yomweyo mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, makamaka mumtundu wamtundu;

• zinthu zabwino mu salon kwa akulu anayi;

• kudzipatula pang'ono pamayendedwe amgalimoto;

• kutentha kwachangu kwanyumba yonyamula chifukwa chakupatukana ndi thunthu;

• kusakhala ndi fungo lochokera kunja kwa chipinda chonyamula katundu.

Poyamba, thupi loyenda la sedan limakhala ndi denga lathyathyathya m'litali yonse ya kanyumba ndi chipilala cha B chomwe chimateteza chitseko chakumbuyo ku skewing. Kutalika kwa thunthu la sedans yoyamba (kuyambira nthawi ya 50s mpaka 80s ya zaka makumi awiri ndi makumi awiri) sikunali kofanana ndi kukula kwa hood, mumitundu yamakono chipinda chonyamula katundu chidafupikitsidwa. 

Ngakhale magalimoto aku America, omwe akhala odziwika, akupangabe chidwi:

Ma sedan ali ndimakomo anayi okhala ndi mizere iwiri yamipando. Chachiwiri, ngati chikufunidwa komanso cha "kukula pang'ono", chimatha kukhala ndi akulu atatu kapena, mwina, akulu awiri ndi mwana. Pakadali pano mutha kupeza makope azitseko zisanu ndi chimodzi mu thupi lokulirapo, lomwe limatchedwa "limousines". 

Mbiri ya thupi la Sedan

Momwe dzina la mtunduwo lidawonekera - palibe amene adzakumbukire. Limodzi mwa matanthauzidwe ake likusonyeza kuti limachokera ku dzina la palanquin - zotchinga zotsekedwa zokhala ndi ma handles ndi mpando wampando (kuchokera ku Latin sedes), momwe anthu otchuka akhala "akuyendetsa" kuyambira kale. 

Malinga ndi malingaliro ena, dzina la thupilo lidaperekedwa polemekeza Sedan, mzinda waku France, womwe umadutsa malire ndi Belgium ndipo ndiwotchuka pakupanga ngolo zapamsewu zabwino. Pambuyo pake, koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX, kumayambiriro kwa mafakitale opanga magalimoto ambiri, magalimoto oyamba adawoneka ndi mtundu wa thunthu - bokosi lamatabwa lochotseka lomwe limamangiriridwa ndi malamba kumbuyo kwa chipinda chonyamula papulatifomu yaying'ono. Tsopano chipinda chonyamula katundu chakhala gawo lokhazikika la kapangidwe kake.

Kuyambira pachiyambi pomwe, thupi linali losiyana modabwitsa ndi mitundu ina chifukwa chokhala ndi denga lolimba, lomwe limadziwika pakati povundikira (kapena lokutidwa ndi nsalu yochotseka) ma dash / ma salon oyendera, oyendetsa misewu, ndi ma phaetoni. Koma mphindi iyi sinakhalepo mwayi wagalimoto. Ndikoyenera kukumbukira kuti mafelemu a magalimoto oyamba anali opangidwa ndi matabwa, omwe amachulukitsa kwambiri kulemera konse.

Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa matupi azitsulo pakupanga kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 30s mzaka zapitazi, zomwe zidathandizira kwambiri galimotoyi, ma sedan mwachangu amayamba kukwera makwerero opambana, poteteza malo awo motsutsana ndi ma coupon omwe akutuluka komanso magalimoto oyendetsa. Zowona, sizinali zopanda kuphatikizidwa pomenya nkhondo yolimbana ndi ma hardtops aku America, zomwe zidatenga kupambana kwakanthawi kochepa kapangidwe kachilendo. Koma omalizawa, ngakhale adatuluka modabwitsa, posakhalitsa adataya chidwi ndi anthu, omwe amakonda chitetezo cha sedan, chokhala ndi mafelemu azenera lazitseko ndi chipilala cha B. Sanapezeke muma hardtops.

Ma hatchback omwe amapezeka pamsika nthawi ina adachita mpikisano waukulu. Mitundu yatsopano yokhala ndi chidule chocheperako chakumbuyo, miyeso yochepetsedwa limodzi ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kwapambana gawo lalikulu la oyendetsa galimoto. Zotsatira zake, thupi la sedan limayenera kupikisana ndi wopikisana nawo m'modzi mwazigawozo - zitseko ziwiri. Tsopano wakhala kwathunthu mwayi wa hatchback.

Pakadali pano, ngakhale ali ndi gawo lamphamvu pamtengo wapakatikati, sedan iyenera kuwerengera kutchuka kwa ma SUV ndi ma crossovers. Ngakhale gawo ili likufunika kuchokera kwa kasitomala wolemera.

Kufunika kwa thupi lachitetezo kumalamulidwa ndi mipata ingapo yopambana:

• m'nyengo yophukira-yozizira, mkati mumatenthedwa mwachangu, chifukwa chodzipatula kunyumba ndi thunthu;

• chipinda chotseguka sichimakhudza kutaya kwanyumba;

• zenera lakumbuyo chifukwa cha "mchira" wautali silimayipitsidwa;

• kuwoneka kuchokera m'chipinda cha okwera kumakonzedwa bwino chifukwa cha mawindo apakale.

Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu yamakono ili ndi zida zapamwamba kwambiri ndipo zimapangidwa mu mayankho osangalatsa opanga.

M'mayiko osiyanasiyana, sedan amatchedwa mosiyana. M'mene timamvekera, mawu oti Sedan amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'maiko ambiri aku Europe: Portugal, Denmark, Poland, Turkey, Czech Republic, Sweden, etc., komanso America. Ku Germany, magalimoto onse otsekedwa amatchedwa Limousine, ndipo achi Japan ndi aku Britain amagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti Saloon pafupipafupi.

Mitundu yama sedan

Chifukwa chovutikira msika nthawi zonse, opanga magalimoto ambiri amapusitsana, kusewera ndi mitundu yazogulitsa zachikhalidwe ndikuzisintha kuti zigwirizane ndi zomwe thupi limafunikira kwambiri ndi ogula. Pofuna kusunga kanjedza, sedan iyeneranso kusintha mawonekedwe amtundu wamagalimoto. Lingalirani zosankha zonse zomwe zilipo lero.

Zakale za Sedan

Amasiyana pamakhalidwe akulu: mitundu itatu yakuwonera, yopatsa thupi mawonekedwe; kutalika kwa yunifolomu pamwamba pa chipinda chokwera; Kukhalapo kwa chipilala chapakati, chimagwira mwamphamvu thupi ndi zitseko zakumbuyo kuchokera ku skewing; mipando yokwanira inayi (ndikulakalaka kwambiri, imatha kukhala ndi anthu asanu).

Msika zoweta akuimira zopangidwa Moskvich 412, VAZ 2101 (Zhiguli), GAZ-24 (Volga).

Kutalika kwakutali

Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa mtundu wosowa wa Soviet wa "Seagull" GAZ-14 mu thupi loyenda ngati chitumbuwa cha nthumwi (yotambasulidwa mpaka 611,4 cm) sedan, yoperekedwa ndi L.I. Brezhnev, Secretary General wa CPSU Central Committee, polemekeza tsiku lobadwa ake. Misonkhano yamanja idamalizidwa kumapeto kwa 1976 ndipo idatsegula njira yopangira zazing'ono kuyambira 1977 mpaka 1988.

GAZ-14 sedan mu ulimi wake anali ndi kutulutsidwa kochepa, chonsecho, ndi 1114 okha magalimoto anasiya mzere wa msonkhano. Mbiri yasunga "X-ray" (yojambulidwa ndi wopanga V. N Nosakov), yomwe imawonetsa mwatsatanetsatane magalimoto athunthu ndi salon yokhala ndi zitseko zinayi, mawindo atatu ndi mizere iwiri yamipando yapamwamba nthawi imeneyo. 

Mipando ili patali bwino, choncho pali malo ambiri omasuka mu kanyumba. Chitsanzocho chikanatha kudutsa ma limousine mosavuta ngati chikadakhala ndi magalasi omwe amapezeka kumapeto, kulekanitsa mpando ndi woyendetsa kuchokera pampando wokwera.

Zitseko ziwiri

Sizilandiridwa pano kuti tikambirane zazanyumba zama khomo awiri, izi tsopano ndi za mitundu ina. Ndipo kumayambiriro kwa kukwera kwawo, inali zitseko ziwiri, tsopano Zaporozhets (ZAZ), Skoda Tudor kapena Opel Ascona C, omwe akupezeka panjira, akufunidwa kwambiri. 

Opel Rekord A (kumanzere pachithunzipa) ndi "Volga" (kumanja) anali atatchuka kale, zomwe kwa munthu wosadziwa zitha kumawoneka ngati mapasa, ngati sichikhala ndi zitseko zinayi mu chitsanzo cha GAZ.

Ma sedan okhala ndi zitseko ziwiri anali osangalatsa kwambiri kwa anthu omwe amalandira ndalama zochepa chifukwa adagulitsidwa pamitengo ya demokalase. Mtundu woyamba wazitseko ziwiri waku America wa Chevrolet Delray udawonekera mu 1958.

M'magulu amakono, kutengera thumba lakapangidwe kazinthu zazitseko ziwiri ndichizolowezi. Komanso, coupe imathanso kukhala ndi zitseko zinayi, ndipo ngakhale ikuwoneka mwamasewera, mwachangu, ambiri amatcha "chitseko chazitseko zinayi."

Thupi lolimba

Maonekedwe a "omwe adatheratu", omwe nthawi ina adachita mpikisano ndi mtsogoleri wazogulitsa, ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi Sedan, ngakhale ali owonjezera.

Ma hardtops nthawi zambiri amatchedwa zitseko zinayi (nthawi zina zitseko ziwiri) zomwe zidalowa mumsika waku America mzaka za m'ma 50-80. ndi malo ake omwe amagawika mitundu. Ngakhale kufanana kwazinthu zoyambira ndi Sedan, magalimoto amtunduwu anali ndi zosiyana zingapo, komanso zovuta zingapo:

• kusapezeka kwa mzati wa B kumachepetsa chitetezo ndikukakamizidwa kugwiritsa ntchito galimotoyo mumisewu yabwino;

• ngakhale chimango sichinapulumutse mbiri ya thupi, popeza popanda kuthandizira pakatikati, thupi limasinthidwa;

• mawindo am'mbali opanda mafelemu amawoneka bwino, koma popeza nthawi zambiri amakhala otsika, zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti olowerera alowe m'malo mwa wina kuti abe;

• kutchinjiriza phokoso m'kanyumbako kunalibe;

• malamba omata padenga la chipinda chonyamula sanasinthe kwenikweni.

Kukula kwakukulu kwa malonda a hardtop sedan kudabwera mzaka za m'ma 60 zapitazo, pambuyo pake chidwi cha anthu onse chidayamba kuzimiririka.

Zosintha

Dzina loyambirira mu zinenero zina, zolemba ndi matchulidwe osiyanasiyana, azimayi ndi amitundu osiyanasiyana dzina Hernandez. Anthu osiyanasiyana adabatiza mtunduwo m'njira zawo. A British / British amatcha Saloon. French, Romaniya, Italy - "Berlin".

Anthu aku Britain ndi America amatcha mitundu 4 yamakomo a Sedan "Fordor", ndi mitundu iwiri yazitseko - "Tudor" kapena "Koch". Europe ili ndi malingaliro akeawo, kwa iwo notchback ndi zomwe tinkakonda kuganizira zosokoneza kapena zolemetsa.

Liftback thupi  

Tinalandira kuchokera ku sedan 4 zitseko, ndi zofanana, koma zofupikitsidwa pang'ono kumbuyo. Denga pamwamba pa kanyumbayi ndilofanana msinkhu, koma likuyenda bwino mumtengo wogwira maso, pali mipando 4 m'kanyumbako.

Apa ndipomwe kufanana, mwina, kumatha, mikhalidwe ina imakhudzana kwambiri ndi kukweza ndi hatchback kapena station wagon. Chipinda chonyamula katundu chingapezeke kudzera pachikuto chagalasi lotseguka kumbuyo (mu sedan, chivundikirocho ndichitsulo chonse). Maonekedwe omwewo amthupi amakhala ndi ngodya zosalala pamakoma kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo komwe, komwe sikuli mu sedan.

Fastback

Mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 50 za m'zaka zapitazi, kubwerera m'mbuyo kunali gawo lofotokozedwa bwino la mitundu ya thupi, lokhala ndi mawonekedwe amisozi chifukwa cha kutsetsereka kwa denga moonekera pa thunthu; khoma lakumbuyo kumbuyo ndi chivindikiro chaching'ono chanyumba. Mwa muyezo, mutha kutenga bwinobwino "Pobeda" GAZ-M-20 (kumanzere) kapena GAZ-M-20V (kumanja) - galimoto yanthawi ya Soviet yopanga mndandanda wazosintha mu 1946 - 1958.

Pakadali pano, mizere yoyera ya gawoli idasokonekera, popeza mawonekedwe ake ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mitundu ina kuti kudabwitse ogula ndi mawonekedwe achilendo amitundu yakale. Izi ndichifukwa cha "masewera" amsika wamagalimoto, omwe akukhala ovuta kuwina.

Pakumasulira kwamakono kwa kubwerera m'mbuyo, munthu sayeneranso kumvetsetsa mtundu wina wa thupi, koma kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe ake pamapangidwe ena otchuka. Zodabwitsazi Tingaone pa siteshoni ngolo, hatchbacks, zochotsa, zitsanzo zambiri masewera, ndipo, kumene, sedans. 

Momwe mitundu yama sedan imasiyanirana ndi kalasi

Wonyamula aliyense wonyamula amakhala wamtundu wina womwe umakwaniritsa miyezo ya Economic Commission for Europe. Bungweli limayang'ana kwambiri kukula kwamagalimoto. Koma posankha, munthu sayenera kuiwala zakufuna kwa ogula, mtengo, wheelbase, injini kapena kukula kwa kanyumba, ndi zifukwa zina zofunika mokomera gawo la kalasi.

А

Gulu la sedan limakhala pafupifupi gridi yonse, kuyambira kalasi A mpaka F, kupatula zigawo za M, S, J ndi zojambula. Ambiri amanena kuti gulu "A" (makamaka laling'ono) silingakhale, chifukwa limaphatikizapo magalimoto okhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi mpaka mamita 3,6. Zikuwoneka kuti ndi kutalika koteroko, kulibe malo oti mungalumikize thunthu losiyana, koma mwachilengedwe pali ma supermini sedans. Mwachitsanzo, Citroen C1 kapena minicar waku Soviet "Zaporozhets" ZAZ 965, yemwe thunthu lake linali m'malo mwa hood:

В

Kalasi "B" imaphatikizapo magalimoto okhala ndi kutalika mpaka 4,1 mita, omwe amatchedwa "ochepa". Ku Russia, monga m'maiko ambiri padziko lapansi, gululi likufunika kwambiri, popeza magawo ang'onoang'ono nthawi zambiri amagulitsidwa pamtengo wotsika. Koma ku Russia, gawoli lakulitsidwa pamzera wamitengo yokhudzana ndi zida za salon ndi magalimoto "okongoletsa". Chifukwa chake, magalimoto omwe amapezeka kwa anthu ambiri, koma opitilira pang'ono kuchuluka kwa ku Europe (m'litali), amatchulidwa m'gulu B +, ngati njira yapakatikati pakati pa kalasi B ndi C. French compact Citroen C3 itha kuonedwa ngati mulingo wokwanira m'kalasi B:

С

Magalimoto okhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi osapitilira 4,4 mita ndi a gulu lotchedwa "C" yamagalasi (sing'anga tating'ono). Monga momwe zidalili ndi gulu la "B", nthumwi zina zama sedan pamiyeso imatha kupitilira pang'ono momwe amafotokozera ku Europe, koma zipirire molingana ndi kukula kwa wheelbase ndi thunthu la thunthu. Magalimoto otere amakhala pakatikati pakati pamagawo C ndi D ndipo amakhala mgulu la C +. Yemwe akuyimira gawo ili ndi French yaying'ono Citroen C4:

D

Ngati kutalika kwagalimotoyo kuli pamtunda wa 4,5 - 4,8 mita, ndiye kuti ndiye woyimira "D" wapakatikati, kuphatikiza, mwachitsanzo, banja la Citroen C5. Mawilo a gudumu a galimoto yotere ayenera kukhala mkati mwa mita 2,7, ndipo thunthu la thunthu liyenera kukhala kuchokera ku malita 400.

Dziko lirilonse limagwiritsa ntchito magawo osiyanasiyana kuti adziwe kalasiyo, koma miyezo ina imakhala yofanana pamakina onse. Mwachitsanzo, ku Japan, magalimoto amagawidwa mu mzere wa D pokhapokha kukula kwake: kutalika - kupitilira 4,7 m, kutalika - kuchokera 2 m, m'lifupi - kuchokera 1,7 m. Ndipo kwa aku America, kalasi D amatanthauza voliyumu ina ya kanyumba - 3,15 - 13,4 kiyubiki mita m.

Koma akatswiri ambiri amadziwika mgulu lagalimoto molingana ndi kuchuluka kwake kwa zida ndi kuthekera kwaukadaulo:

E

Maulendo okwera okwera okwera kwambiri okhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi kuchokera pa 4,8 mpaka 5,0 m ndi a gulu la "E". Awa ndi magalimoto akulu okhala ndi zida zapamwamba. Amakhulupirira kuti gululi limamaliza magalimoto osiyanasiyana omwe amalola wogulitsa payekha kuchita popanda thandizo la driver. M'magawo otsatirawa, udindo wawo umalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito woyendetsa, mosasamala za kupezeka kapena kupezeka kwa layisensi yoyendetsa kuchokera kwa mwini wagalimoto.

Chitsanzo chochititsa chidwi cha gulu "E" - Citroen DS 8 yokhala ndi zizindikiro zosintha mwachangu:

F

Chikhalidwe cha gulu lapamwamba "F" ndikutalika kwa thupi kupitilira mamitala asanu. Kuphatikiza apo, pagawo ili, galimoto ilibe zoletsa, koma pamalire oyenera kuyenda koyenda m'misewu. Kupanda kutero, idzangokhala nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale kapena chiwonetsero chabodza chazithunzi, chosayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga momwe amafunira.

Galimoto yapamwamba / yoyendetsa bwino iyenera kukhala ndi "zida" zapamwamba kwambiri: zida zamagetsi, zotchinga zamkati zapamwamba, zowonjezera, mwina ngakhale bala, ndi zina zambiri.

Ubwino wake ndi mitundu iti yam sedani ndi kalasi

Thupi la sedan ndilodziwika kwambiri chifukwa cha zabwino zake zambiri zomwe zimasiyanitsa ndi mitundu ina yomwe ili mgawo lomwelo. Mwachitsanzo, gulu la sedan A limafunikira kwambiri m'gululi, osati chifukwa chongofuna magalimoto abizinesi, pali zifukwa zina zomwe zimachitika mgulu lililonse.

1. Mtundu wamtundu wamthupi umasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwake, chifukwa chake, wogula amapatsidwa mwayi wokwaniritsa zokonda zosiyanasiyana:

2. Kuwoneka bwino kumatheka chifukwa cha mawindo akulu a kanyumba, komwe ndikofunikira poyimika magalimoto. Zikatero, dalaivala safunikira kugwiritsa ntchito masensa oyimika magalimoto - njira zothandizira kupaka, adzaimika bwino ngakhale kumbuyo, akuwona kuyenda kwa galimoto kudzera galasi lakumbuyo:

3. Mtunduwu wakhalapo pamsika kwazaka pafupifupi zana. Kuyambira pachiyambi, thupi limapanga nsanja yapadera, yomwe mwachilengedwe imasinthidwa ndimitundu ingapo yamagalimoto. Mfundoyi ndiyofunikira makamaka pakudalirika komanso chitetezo cha milanduyo. Ngati mitundu ina imagwiritsa ntchito sedan, ndiye kuti kuwerengera molakwika kumatha kulowa kapangidwe kake, koma sedan sichiwopsezedwa:

4. Mtundu wa thupili umathandizira pamafuta amafuta chifukwa chochepetsa kunenepa komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino. 

5. Malo okhala ocheperako, komanso kuthekera kosinthira mpando wokhala ndi mipando yolimba kumbuyo kumalimbikitsa ngakhale pamaulendo ataliatali. Kuphatikiza apo, magalimoto oyendetsa sedan amatha kugwira bwino kwambiri, chifukwa cha kapangidwe kamene kamagawa yunifolomu mtunda wonse wa wheelbase.

6. Poyamba, mitundu ya bajeti yomwe imawonetsedwa mgulu lililonse, kuwonjezera apo, sikutanthauza ndalama zambiri pakukonza magalimoto. Kupitilira MOT sikuyambitsa zovuta, popeza ziwalo zomwe zimayendetsa zotchipa zimakhala zotsika mtengo ndipo zimapezeka nthawi zonse pagawo lililonse.

7. Thunthu lake limakhala lotakasuka, mosasamala kanthu za gulu lake. Katundu wonyamula katundu amateteza fungo ndi phokoso kuti zisalowe mchipinda chonyamula. Ndipo kutalika kwakumbuyo kwakumbuyo kumathandizanso ngati mtundu wa khushoni womwe umagunda (kugundana kumbuyo) pakagwa ngozi.

Kusiyana pakati pa sedan ndi coupe

Kutsutsana kuti ndi mtundu uti wabwino ndiwosayenera monga kukakamira kuyera / kwakuda kuposa zina zonse. Imangokhala nkhani ya kukoma ndi zokonda. Mutha kungolankhula za mfundo zazikuluzikulu pakusintha kwaukadaulo, malingaliro owonera, ndi zina zambiri, kenako kusankha kumatsalira ndi woyendetsa.

Mpaka posachedwa, mitundu yonse iwiriyo idatanthauziridwa ndi kusiyanasiyana kowoneka bwino, ndikupatsa mtundu uliwonse wamitundu mitundu kalembedwe kake. Kuyambira pachiyambi pomwe, okonza mapulaniwo adatenga zitseko ziwiri zamagalimoto ngati maziko, koma chifukwa chakusintha kwazitseko zitatu pamsika, thupi lingafanane ndi sedan:

Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa Mercedes-Benz CLS (III generation fastback). Yemwe akuyimira "zitseko zinayi" ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, okonzera amakhala ndi "zinthu zodzikongoletsera" zamakono zokhala ndi mapangidwe olemera, koma mawonekedwe - pafupifupi sedan onse ali mthupi lomwelo lobwerera mwachangu.

Coupe yachikale ndi thupi lokhala ndi zitseko zitatu lomwe lili ndi saloon yosiyana ndi mipando iwiri yayikulu. Nthawi zambiri, mipando yowonjezerapo imawonjezeredwa, yokhala ndi malo ochepa (mpaka 93 cc), oyenera kwambiri kukhala ndi ana. Khomo lazonyamula katundu nthawi zambiri limakhala kulibe, khoma lakumbuyo limakhala lokhazikika.

Masewera olinganiza amathandizira mayankho osayembekezereka, monga "zitseko ziwiri". Ngakhale zili choncho "m'nthawi" m'mbuyomu. Matupi oyamba amtunduwu anali ndi matanthauzidwe athunthu: 2 ndi 4 zitseko. Tsopano, pamodzi ndi kusiyanasiyana kwama voliyumu atatu, padenga lofananira pakati pa kanyumba, kukhalapo kwa chipilala chapakati, iyi ndi mitundu yazitseko zinayi:

Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa Tesla Model 3 yokhala ndi mota wamagetsi, yomwe idalowa mumsika mu 2017. Pachitsanzo chake, munthu amatha kuwona kusinthika kwakusintha kwakale, kutengera zosowa za wogula.

Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa sedan ndi coupe ndikofupikitsanso kwa omalizira, omwe amakhala ndi mzere umodzi wokha wa mipando ya akulu, kapena ali ndi mawonekedwe a 2 + 2 (mipando yama polima). Kuphatikiza apo, coupe ili pafupi kwambiri ndi mtundu wamasewera.

Kusiyana pakati pa sedan ndi station wagon, hatchback

Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa sedan ndi hatchback ndi station wagon ndi mawonekedwe ake amitundu itatu. M'mawonekedwe, mbiriyo ikuwonetsa bonnet, denga ndi thunthu. M'kanyumba, gawo la okwera limasiyanitsidwa ndi gawo lolimba kuchokera kumalo onyamula katundu. Zowona, mumitundu yambiri, kumbuyo kwa sofa yakumbuyo (nthawi zambiri mu chiŵerengero cha 40 * 60), kotero kuti katundu wautali akhoza kunyamulidwa mu sedan.

Koma choyamba, sedan imayang'ana kwambiri kunyamula okwera komanso zinthu zochepa. Thupi lamtunduwu lili ndi zabwino izi potengera mayendedwe apaulendo:

• Kuwonjezeka kwa chitonthozo chifukwa cha kudzipatula kwathunthu kwa chipinda chokwera pamtunda (palibe phokoso kapena fungo lomwe limafalikira kuchokera ku thunthu ponyamula katundu);
• Thupi lamtundu uwu limakupatsani mwayi wokonzekera microclimate yoyambirira chifukwa chagawidwe lolimba lomwelo mu kanyumba;
• Thupi lamtundu uwu ndilokhazikika, lomwe limakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa kayendetsedwe ka galimoto;
• Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa madera omwe amatengera mphamvu (zigawo za injini ndi katundu), chitetezo m'galimoto ndichokwera kuposa zitsanzo zokhala ndi chipinda chophatikizira chonyamula katundu ndi chipinda chonyamula anthu.

Komatu thupi la mtundu umenewu linali lopanda mavuto ake. Choncho, chitonthozo chowonjezereka chimafuna kupanga thupi lalitali poyerekeza ndi hatchback yomweyo. Ngati mufananiza ndi ngolo yamasiteshoni, ndiye kuti sedan imataya kwambiri pochita.

Ma sedan othamanga kwambiri padziko lapansi

Lingaliro la liwiro ndi sedan siligwirizana pazifukwa chimodzi. Dalaivala sangathe kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse za injini chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa aerodynamics. Ma powertrain amphamvu komanso apamwamba kwambiri mu sedan amayikidwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kutchuka kuposa zochitika zamasewera.

Galimotoyo ikathamanga kwambiri, idzakhala yochepa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kuthamanga kwa masekondi 2.7, ngati Tesla Model S P1000D, sikungatchulidwe momasuka mwanjira iliyonse, chifukwa okwerawo amapanikizidwa kwenikweni pampando.

Ngati tilankhula za zitsanzo zomwe zili ndi injini yoyaka mkati mwachikale, osati galimoto yamagetsi, ndiye kuti mndandanda wa sedans wothamanga kwambiri umaphatikizapo:

• Mercedes Benz AMG;
• Porsche Panamera Turbo;
• BMW M760.

Ngati mukukonzekera kulipira sedan pa mpikisano, ndiye kuti m'kalasi mwake idzakhala yotsika kwa coupe kapena hatchback ndi makhalidwe omwewo.

Zabwino kwambiri m'kalasi

Ambiri mwa oimira magalimoto apamwamba amapangidwa mumtundu umodzi kapena mtundu wina wa sedan. Kalasi yayikulu, kalasi ya premium, zapamwamba komanso zofananira zamagalimoto apamwamba zimalandila ndendende thupi la sedan chifukwa cha kutchuka ndi kukongola kwa mawonekedwe.

Ma sedan otsatirawa ndi otchuka m'maiko a CIS:

• Lada Grant;
• Renault Logan;
• Toyota Camry;
• Skoda Octavia;
• Hyundai Solaris;
• Ford Focus;
• Volkswagen Polo;
• Nissan Almera.

Ndikoyenera kunena kuti pofuna kukopa ogula ambiri, opanga magalimoto akutulutsa chitsanzo chomwecho m'matupi osiyanasiyana. Chitsanzo cha izi ndi Ford Focus 3 kapena Hyundai Solaris, omwe amadziwikanso ndi matupi a sedan ndi hatchback.

Ndizosatheka kutchula sedan yabwino kwambiri. Chifukwa ndi nkhani ya kukoma. Kutchuka kwa chitsanzo chapadera kumakhudzidwa ndi kasinthidwe kake, maonekedwe a mtundu, ubwino wa machitidwe onse ndi misonkhano, komanso njira zothetsera.

Kanema pa mutuwo

Kanema wachidule uyu akufotokoza za ma sedan okongola komanso amphamvu kwambiri omwe amatha kupikisana ndi magalimoto ena amasewera:

Ma sedan othamanga kwambiri padziko lapansi 🚀

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi sedan iyi ndi chiyani? Sedan ndi mtundu wa thupi lomwe lili ndi mawonekedwe atatu - zinthu zitatu za thupi zimafotokozedwa bwino (hood, denga ndi thunthu). Nthawi zambiri amakhala 5-sedans.

Ma sedan ndi chiyani? 1) yapamwamba - yokhala ndi ma voliyumu atatu omveka bwino. 2) zitseko ziwiri. 3) limousine. 4) hardtop (palibe B-mzati). 5) okhala awiri, anayi kapena asanu.