Zida zolumikizira mathirakitala

Kuyanjana kwa kinematic ndi mphamvu zamalumikizidwe oyendetsa sitima yapamsewu ndi ngolo ikuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chokokera (mkuyu 1).

Zipangizo zolumikizira thirakitala (TSU) zimakhala ndi njira yolumikizira yochotsa, chinthu chonyowa komanso kukonza magawo.

Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka makina olumikizirana otayika, zida zokokera zimagawidwa kukhala:

• crochet (zingwe ndi malupu),
• mapini (malupu awiri),
• mpira (mpira-loop pair).

Chida chonyowa chimagwiritsa ntchito akasupe a coil, zinthu za rabara ndi akasupe a mphete.

Zofala kwambiri pamasitima apamsewu okhala ndi ma trailer ndi ma hook-ndi-joint hitch.

Chithunzi 1 - Zipangizo zolumikizira thirakitala: 1 - wolandila; 2 - thupi la actuator; 3 - kukonza lever; 4 - chivundikiro cha kingpin; 5 - chivundikiro cha nyumba yamakina; 6 - masika; 7 - khungu; 8 - kuyendetsa galimoto; 9 - pini yapakati; 10 - chishalo cha kingpin chapakati; 11 - locknut; 12 - fuse block; 13 - fyuzi yokha decoupling; 14 - kapu ya mtedza wa mbedza yakumapeto; 15 - mtedza; 16 - thupi la chipangizo chokokera; 17- choyimitsira chipangizo chokokera; 18 - chivundikiro cha chipangizo chokokera; 19 - mbedza ya ratchet loko; 20 - latch; 21 - gwero

Kuwombera mbedza yagalimoto ya KamAZ-5320 (mkuyu 2) imakhala ndi mbedza 2, ndodo yomwe imadutsa mabowo kumbuyo kwa membala wa chimango, chomwe chimakhala ndi kulimbikitsanso. Ndodo imalowetsedwa mu thupi lalikulu la cylindrical 15, lotsekedwa kumbali imodzi ndi kapu yotetezera 12, mbali inayo ndi casing 16. Chinthu cha mphira chotanuka (shock absorber) 9, chomwe chimachepetsa katundu wodabwitsa poyambitsa galimoto malo okhala ndi ngolo yochokera kumalo komanso poyendetsa msewu wosagwirizana, ili pakati pa ma washer awiri 13 ndi 14. Nati 10 imapereka kukakamiza koyambirira kwa mphira woyimitsa 9. Patsinde 3 kudutsa mbedza, yotsekedwa ndi pawl 4, yomwe imalepheretsa kuti chingwe cholumikizira chisachoke ku mbedza.

Chithunzi 2 - mbedza yokoka: 1 - oiler; 2 - mbedza; 3 - chingwe cha latch mbedza; 4 - latch latch; 5 - nsonga ya ratchet; 6 - dzira; 7 - mtedza; 8 - unyolo wa zikhomo za cotter; 9 - zinthu zotanuka; 10 - mbedza-nati; 11 - pini ya cotter; 12 - chivundikiro chotetezera; 13, 14 - ochapira; 15 - thupi; 16 - chivundikiro cha nyumba

Kugunda thirakitala ndi ngolo:

• ananyema ngolo yokhala ndi mabuleki oimika magalimoto;
• tsegulani latch ya mbedza;
• khazikitsani kalavani ya ngolo kuti diso lakutsogolo likhale pamlingo wofanana ndi mbedza yokokera galimoto;
• kukweza galimotoyo mosamala mpaka mbedza yokokera itakhazikika pa ngoloyo;
• ikani chingwe chokokera pa mbedza, kutseka latch ndikuyikonza ndi ratchet;
• kulumikiza ngolo mu soketi ya galimoto;
• kulumikiza zovekera payipi dongosolo pneumatic kalavani ndi zoyenerera lolingana dongosolo pneumatic galimoto;
• kulumikiza ngolo ku galimoto ndi chingwe chitetezo kapena unyolo;
• tsegulani ma valve otsekera oyendetsa ma pneumatic a ma trailer brake system omwe amaikidwa pagalimoto (waya imodzi kapena waya awiri);
• ananyema ngolo yokhala ndi mabuleki oimika magalimoto.

Chowotcha chomangika chimasiyana ndi kamangidwe ka mbeza kachipangizo kamene kamagunda.

The detachable-coupling mechanism of the pivot hinge (mkuyu 3) imakhala ndi mphanda 17 ("receiver"), pivot 14 ndi bolt. Nsalu yotchinga pa thupi imakhala ndi chogwirira 13, shaft, lamba 12 ndi kasupe wa katundu 16. Mphanda imagwirizanitsidwa ndi ndodo 5 kupyolera muzitsulo 10, zomwe zimapereka kusinthasintha koyenera kwa kufalitsa mu ndege yowongoka. M'malo aulere, njira yolumikizirana yomwe imatha kusungidwa imagwiridwa ndi choyimitsa mphira 11 ndi kasupe 9.

Chithunzi 3 - Chojambula chozungulira: 1 - mtedza; 2 - chiwongola dzanja; 3, 7 - flanges; 4 - mphira chinthu; 5 - ndodo; 6 - thupi; 8 - chivundikiro; 9 - masika; 10 - ndodo axis; 11 - chimbudzi; 12 - malo; 13 - chogwirira 14 - kingpin; 15 - chiwongolero chowongolera; 16, 18 - akasupe; 17 - mphanda; 19 - fuse

Musanalumikize thirakitala ndi ngolo, latch "imakhomeredwa" ndi chogwirira 13, pomwe pini 14 imagwiridwa ndi cholumikizira 12 chapamwamba. Spring 16 imatsitsidwa. Mapeto am'munsi a kingpin 14 amatuluka pang'ono kuchokera kumtunda wa 17 wa foloko. Kalavani ya hitch loop imalowa mu kalozera wa foloko 15 pamene nsalu yotchinga imatsitsidwa. Chingwe cha 12 chimatulutsa hinge yapakati 14, yomwe, pansi pa mphamvu yokoka ndi masika 16, imasunthira pansi, kupanga mbedza. Kugwa kwa kingpin 14 kuchokera ku dzenje lobwereza kumalepheretsedwa ndi fuse 19. Pochita chinkhoswe, chipika chobwereza chimalowa mphanda ya TSU ndikukankhira pansi ngati cone pansi pa kingpin 14, chomwe chimathandiza kukweza mtunda waufupi komanso kumasula phawl ( goli ) 12 kwa mfumu.

Mphamvu ndi kuyanjana kwa kinematic kwa maulalo oyendetsa sitima yapamsewu yachishalo kumaperekedwa ndi gudumu lachisanu (mkuyu 4).

Chithunzi 4 - Terekita yagalimoto: 1 - galimoto yamoto; 2 - mtanda membala wa chishalo chipangizo; 3 - chithandizo chamankhwala; 4 - mbale yaikulu; 5 - mafuta; 6 - mbali ya maso a chishalo; 7 - thumba laling'ono; 8 - chishalo chotsetsereka chipangizo; 9 - siponji yakumanzere; 10 - kunyamula pamwamba pa mbale yoyambira; 11 - chala cha spongy; 12 - pini ya cotter; 13 - mafuta; 14 - pini yolumikiza chogwirira; 15 - mzere wa chitetezo bar; 16 - fyuzi yodzipatula yokha ya njira yolumikizirana; 17 - kasupe ratchet locking khafu; 18 - nsonga ya nkhonya yokhoma; 19 - kutseka cam masika; 20 - galu clenched nkhonya; 21 - kutseka nkhonya; 22 - nsonga ya nkhonya yokhoma; 23 - chogwirira cha loko chogwirira; 24 - siponji kumanja; 25 - mbande; 26 - chithandizo; 27 - manja akunja; 28 - manja amkati; 29 - nsonga za hinge

Kuphatikizika kwa magudumu achisanu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza ndi kutulutsa thirakitala kuchokera ku semi-trailer, komanso kusamutsa katundu wokwera kwambiri kuchokera ku semi-trailer kupita kugalimoto ndikuyenda kuchokera ku thirakitala kupita ku semi-trailer.

Chipangizochi chimapereka kulumikiza kwa semi-automatic ndi kulumikiza thalakitala yokhala ndi semi-trailer. Kalavaniyo ili ndi mbale yoyambira yokhala ndi pivot (mkuyu 5). The awiri a padziko ntchito pini mfumu ndi normalized ndi ofanana 50,8 ± 0,1 mm.

Chithunzi 5 - Semi-trailer kingpin yolumikizana ndi thalakitala yachisanu ndi matayala

Kulumikizana kwa gudumu lachisanu (mkuyu 4) kumayikidwa pa chimango cha thirakitala pogwiritsa ntchito mabatani awiri 3 olumikizidwa ndi membala wa mtanda 2. Mabokosi 3 ali ndi zingwe zomwe chishalocho chimayikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe ziwiri 25, zomwe ndi mbale yoyambira. 10 yokhala ndi mbali ziwiri 6.

Maso am'mbali 6 a chishalocho amalumikizidwa mwamphamvu ndi nkhwangwa 29 za hinges 25, zomwe zimapereka malingaliro ena a chishalo mundege yotalikirapo. Axles 29 atembenuza momasuka mu mphira-zitsulo bushings 27 ndi 28. Njira imeneyi amapereka ena longitudinal kukondera kwa theka-kalavani pa kayendedwe, komanso pang'ono yopingasa ndingaliro (mpaka 3º), kutanthauza kuti amachepetsa katundu wamphamvu opatsirana ndi kalavani ka semi-trailer kupita ku chimango cha thirakitala. Shafts 29 amatetezedwa ku kayendedwe ka axial potseka mbale 4. Oiler 5 imayikidwa pa shaft ndipo njira imapangidwira kuti ipereke mafuta ku mphira ndi zitsulo zachitsulo 27.

Pansi pa mbale yoyambira 10 pampando pali njira yolumikizirana. Zimapangidwa ndi manja awiri 9 ndi 24 ("masiponji"), chotchinga chotsekera 21 chokhala ndi tsinde ndi kasupe 19, latch yokhala ndi kasupe 17, chingwe chotsegulira 23 ndi fuse yodzikongoletsera 16 yokhazikika pa mbale yoyambira 10. pogwiritsa ntchito zikhomo 11 ndipo amatha kuzungulira mozungulira, kutenga malo awiri ovuta kwambiri (otseguka kapena otsekedwa). Chogwirira loko 21 chilinso ndi malo awiri owopsa: kumbuyo - zogwirira ntchito zatsekedwa, kutsogolo - zogwirira ntchito zimatsegulidwa. Spring 19 ya ndodo imatsutsana ndi kayendetsedwe ka chogwirira 21 kupita patsogolo. Ndodo yotseka nkhonya 21 imadutsa pa bala lodziphulika 16. Motero.

Ndodo ya fusible 16 imayikidwa pa axis 15 ndi kuthekera kwa kuzungulira kwake kukonza kapena kumasula ndodo.

Musanalumikize thirakitala ku kalavani, barani yodzitchinjiriza yodziyimira yokha imayikidwa pamalo "otsegulidwa", omwe amamasula chowongolera chowombera.

Kuti mugunde thirakitala ndi semi-trailer, tembenuzirani chowongolera chowongolera kutsogolo komwe galimoto imayendera. Pamenepa, chogwirira chotsekera chidzatsekedwa kutsogolo ndi latch. Dalaivala amayika thirakitala m'njira yoti semi-trailer kingpin idutse pakati pa malekezero opindika a mpando ndikupitilira pakati pa zogwirira. Popeza chogwiriracho chimangiriridwa pamalo otsekeredwa, pini ya mfumu ikalowetsedwa mumphako wa zogwirira, zogwirira ntchito zimatseguka.

nkhonya imatulutsidwa kuchokera ku fixation ndi latch, imakhala ndi nsana wake motsutsana ndi zogwira ndikuzigwira poyera. Ndi kusuntha kwina kwa mbali yakumbuyo ya thirakitala, kingpin imagwira zogwirira ntchito kuti zitseke, ndipo chogwiriracho, pansi pa kasupe, chimalowa m'mitsempha yamakona a zogwirira ntchito ndikukhala kumbuyo, komwe imatsimikizira loko yake yodalirika. Kutseka kwachitika, ndikofunikira kukonza ndodo yoyamba potembenuza fuse yodzitsegula yokha kuti ikhale "yotsekedwa".

Kuti ayambe kusuntha ndi semi-trailer, dalaivala ayenera: kukweza zodzigudubuza (kapena masilinda) a chipangizo chothandizira semi-trailer; kulumikiza mitu ya pneumatic system ya thirakitala ndi theka-trailer; kulumikiza mawaya amagetsi; tulutsani ma trailer oyimitsa magalimoto

Asanatulutse sitima yapamsewu, dalaivala amathyola semi-trailer ndi ma brake system, amatsitsa ma roller (kapena masilinda) a chipangizo chothandizira, amadula mitu yolumikizira ya pneumatic system ndi mapulagi a zingwe zamagetsi.

Kuti muchotse, ndikofunikira kutembenuzanso fuseti ndi chowongolera chowongolera, kenako, mugiya yoyamba, yendetsani thirakitala patsogolo. Popeza trunnion idzasunthidwa kupita kutsogolo ndikutsekedwa ndi latch, kalavaniyo kingpin imatuluka momasuka pamapako opindika.

Kuonjezera mphamvu yonyamula sitima yapamsewu, zida zofupikitsa zolumikizira ma telescopic zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimakhazikika pakuchepetsa mtunda pakati pa thirakitala ndi kalavani panthawi yoyenda mozungulira ndikuwonjeza pokhota ndikuwongolera.

Kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu zonyamulira masitima apamsewu kumalumikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa ma axles ndi kutalika kwake konse. Komabe, izi zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa kayendetsedwe ka sitima yamsewu ndikuthamanga kwa matayala.

Kugwiritsa ntchito ma axle ndi ma wheel axles kumachepetsa zovuta izi. Ndizosavuta kupanga ndipo zimafuna ndalama zochepa zopangira ndi kukonza.

Mu ma axle awiri ndi atatu a semi-trailers, chitsulo cham'mbuyo chimazungulira pansi pa zochitika zapamsewu zomwe zimachitika mumsewu kumagudumu ake pozungulira.

Ma axles omveka amawonjezera kutalika kokweza komanso pakati pa mphamvu yokoka ya semi-trailer. Chifukwa chake, ma axles okhala ndi mawilo odzipangira okha afalikira.