Akatswiri Otsika Kwambiri A Bass - Gawo 2

Ma Subwoofers sanali okhazikika nthawi zonse, sanali olumikizidwa nthawi zonse ndi makina owonera zisudzo kunyumba, ndipo sanali kuwatumikira nthawi zonse. Anayamba ntchito zawo muukadaulo wotchuka chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 80, m'makina a stereo olumikizidwa ndi ma amplifiers "okhazikika" m'malo molandila njira zambiri - nthawi ya zisudzo zakunyumba inali kuyandikira.

System 2.1 (subwoofer yokhala ndi ma satellites) inali njira ina yosinthira olankhula achikhalidwe (onaninso: ) popanda kufunikira kulikonse. Uyu amayenera kupatsa mphamvu ma subwoofer osefedwa otsika-pass komanso ma satelayiti osasefedwa apamwamba, koma katunduyu sali wosiyana konse ndi kusokoneza "kuwonedwa" ndi amplifier kuchokera ku chowuzira chanjira zambiri. dongosolo. Zimasiyana kokha ndi kugawanika kwa thupi lamagulu amitundu yambiri kukhala subwoofer ndi ma satellites, kumbali yamagetsi ndizofanana (ma subwoofers nthawi zambiri anali ndi mawoofers awiri olumikizidwa modziyimira pawokha panjira ziwiri, kapena wokamba mawu awiri).

Gulu la amplifier lomwe lili ndi gawo lowongolera limakhala kumbuyo nthawi zonse - sitiyenera kuyendera tsiku lililonse

Systems 2.1 adapeza kutchuka kwakukulu paudindo uwu (Jamo, Bose), adayiwalika pambuyo pake, chifukwa adaponderezedwa ndi omwe ali paliponse. machitidwe owonetsera nyumbao, kale mosalephera ndi subwoofers - koma yogwira. Ma subwoofers awa adalowa m'malo, ndipo ngati lero munthu akuganiza za 2.1 dongosolo lopangidwira kumvera nyimbo (nthawi zambiri), munthu amatha kuganizira za dongosolo lomwe lili ndi subwoofer yogwira ntchito.

Pamene iwo anawonekera mawonekedwe a multichannel i machitidwe owonetsera nyumba, adayambitsa njira yapadera yotsika - LFE. Mwachidziwitso, amplifier yake ikhoza kukhala pakati pa zokulitsa mphamvu zambiri za AV amplifier, ndiyeno subwoofer yolumikizidwa ingakhale yopanda pake. Komabe, panali mikangano yambiri mokomera kutanthauzira njira iyi mosiyana - amplifier iyi iyenera "kuchotsedwa" pa chipangizo cha AV ndikuphatikizidwa ndi subwoofer. Chifukwa cha izi, ndizoyenera kwambiri kwa iye osati mwa mphamvu zokha, komanso ndi makhalidwe. Mutha kuyikonza bwino ndikukwaniritsa mafupipafupi ocheperako kuposa ma subwoofer ofananirako ndi olankhula ofanana, gwiritsani ntchito fyuluta yotsika komanso yosinthika yotsika (yopanda pa mabasi oterowo ingakhale yopatsa mphamvu komanso yokwera mtengo), ndipo tsopano yonjezerani zina. . Pachifukwa ichi, multichannel amplifier (receiver) "amamasulidwa" kuchokera ku amplifier mphamvu, zomwe ziyenera kukhala zogwira mtima kwambiri (mu LFE channel, mphamvu ikufunika yomwe ikufanana ndi mphamvu zonse za njira zina zonse za dongosolo. ). !), zomwe zingakakamize kusiya lingaliro lokongola la mphamvu yomweyo kwa ma terminals onse omwe amaikidwa mu wolandila, kapena kuchepetsa mphamvu ya LFE channel, kuchepetsa mphamvu za dongosolo lonse. Pomaliza, imalola wogwiritsa ntchito kusankha subwoofer momasuka popanda kudandaula kuti afananize ndi amplifier.

Kapena mwina ndi nyimbo stereo system Kodi passive subwoofer ndiyabwino? Yankho ndi ili: Kwa makina ambiri / ma cinema, subwoofer yogwira ntchito ndiyabwinoko, lingaliro la dongosolo lotere ndilolondola m'mbali zonse, monga tafotokozera kale. Kwa makina a stereo / nyimbo, subwoofer yogwira ntchito imakhalanso yankho lomveka, ngakhale palibe mikangano yambiri yomwe ikugwirizana nayo. A passive subwoofer mu machitidwe oterowo amamveka pang'ono, makamaka tikakhala ndi amplifier yamphamvu (stereo), koma ndiye tiyenera kuganiza mozama komanso kupanga chinthu chonsecho. Kapena m'malo mwake, sitipeza makina okonzeka, okhazikika a 2.1 pamsika, kotero tidzakakamizika kuwaphatikiza.

Kodi tipanga bwanji magawano? Subwoofer iyenera kukhala ndi zosefera zochepa. Koma kodi tidzayambitsa fyuluta yokwera kwambiri ya okamba nkhani, yomwe tsopano idzakhala ngati ma satellite? Kuthekera kwa chisankho chotere kumadalira zinthu zambiri - bandwidth ya okamba awa, mphamvu zawo, komanso mphamvu ya amplifier ndi kuthekera kwake kugwira ntchito ndi otsika impedance; Zingakhale zovuta kuyatsa okamba ndi subwoofer nthawi imodzi (zopinga zawo zidzalumikizidwa mofanana ndipo zotsatira zake zidzakhala zochepa). Kotero ... choyamba, subwoofer yogwira ntchito ndi yabwino komanso yankho lachidziwitso chachilengedwe chonse, ndipo yosasunthika imakhala muzochitika zapadera komanso yodziwa bwino komanso yodziwa zambiri za machitidwe otere.

Kulumikizana kwa sipika

Zolumikizira zolemera kwambiri - zolowetsa za RCA, zokuzira mawu ndipo, kawirikawiri, kutulutsa kwa siginecha ya HPF (yachiwiri ya RCA)

Kulumikizana uku, komwe kunali kofunikira kwambiri kwa ma subwoofers, kwataya kufunikira kwake pakapita nthawi m'machitidwe a AV, komwe timapereka nthawi zambiri. Chizindikiro cha LFE chatsika ku socket imodzi ya RCA, ndipo "ngati" pali maulumikizidwe a stereo a RCA. Komabe, kulumikiza ndi chingwe choyankhulira kumakhala ndi ubwino wake ndi ochirikiza ake. Kulumikizana kwa zokuzira mawu kumakhala kofunika pamakina a stereo, onse chifukwa si ma amplifiers onse omwe amakhala ndi zotulutsa zotsika (kuchokera ku preamplifier) ​​​​komanso chifukwa cha mawonekedwe enaake. Koma mfundo siziri konse kuti ichi ndi chizindikiro chapamwamba; subwoofer sichimadya mphamvu kuchokera ku amplifier yakunja ngakhale ndi kugwirizana uku, chifukwa kulowetsedwa kwakukulu sikulola; Komanso, ndi kugwirizana kumeneku, mofanana ndi otsika (ku RCA zolumikizira), chizindikirocho chimakulitsidwa ndi mabwalo a subwoofer.

Chowonadi ndi chakuti ndi kugwirizana koteroko (kwamphamvu), chizindikiro ku subwoofer chimachokera ku zotsatira zomwezo (amplifier yakunja), ndi gawo lomwelo ndi "khalidwe" monga oyankhula akuluakulu. Mkangano uwu ndi wovuta, popeza chizindikirocho chimasintha amplifier ya subwoofer kupitilira apo, kuonjezerapo, gawoli likufunikabe kusinthidwa, koma lingaliro la kusasinthika kwa ma siginecha kupita kwa okamba ndi subwoofer kumakopa malingaliro ... zotuluka.

Gawo lamadzimadzi kapena gawo lodumphira?

Zida zofala kwambiri: mulingo ndi kusefera ndizosalala, magawo amadutsa; RCA ya stereo kuphatikiza zowonjezera za LFE

Zowongolera zazikulu zitatu zogwira ntchito za subwoofer zimakulolani kuti musinthe mulingo (voliyumu), malire apamwamba (chotchedwa chodulidwa) i gawo. Zoyamba ziwiri nthawi zambiri zimakhala zamadzimadzi, zachitatu - yosalala kapena yosalala (malo awiri). Kodi uku ndi kulolerana kwambiri? Opanga ambiri amasankha kuchita izi osati ma subwoofers otsika mtengo. Kukhazikitsa gawo lolondola, ngakhale kuli kofunikira kuti muyanjanitse bwino, ndi ntchito yosamvetsetseka komanso yosaiwalika ndi ogwiritsa ntchito. Ngakhale kuwongolera kosalala ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yosinthira subwoofer kumasetilaiti, kumapangitsa ntchitoyi kukhala yotopetsa kwambiri motero imakhala yovuta komanso yosasamalidwa. Koma poyang'anira mlingo ndi kusefa, ndi tsoka lenileni ... Povomereza kusagwirizana koteroko (kusinthana m'malo mwa knob), timalimbikitsa ogwiritsa ntchito kuti ayese m'njira yosavuta: ingodziwa kuti ndi malo otani omwe ali abwinoko (mabasi ambiri). kumatanthauza bwino gawo bwino), popanda kusaka kotopetsa kwa abwino ndi kuchuluka kwa zogwirira ntchito. Kotero ngati tili ndi ulamuliro wosalala, tiyeni tiyese malo osachepera kwambiri, i.e. mosiyana ndi 180 °, ndipo tidzawonadi kusiyana kwake. Pazovuta kwambiri, gawo lokhazikitsidwa molakwika limatanthawuza dzenje lakuya m'makhalidwe, ndipo kokha "kusinthidwa" kumatanthawuza kuchepetsa.

Kuwongolera kutali

Mpaka pano, ndi ochepa chabe a subwoofers omwe ali ndi zida kuwongolera kutali kudzera pa remote control - kwa iwo akadali chida chapamwamba, ngakhale chothandiza kwambiri, chifukwa kukhazikitsa subwoofer kuchokera kumalo omvera kumathandiza kwambiri kuti akwaniritse zotsatira zabwino. Ndibwino kuchita njira ina iliyonse kusiyana ndi kuthamanga mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo pakati pa mpando ndi subwoofer. Komabe, tikuyembekeza kuti kutali kudzakhala zida zoyambira, ndipo kuwongolera kwa subwoofer kudzakhala kosavuta komanso kolondola kwambiri chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito zida zam'manja - njira iyi ndiyotsika mtengo kuposa kuwonjezera kutali, komanso imatsegula kwambiri. zotheka zambiri.

Mosamala! Wokamba wamkulu!

Ma subwoofers akupezeka kuchokera oyankhula akuluakulu Mawoofers ndi pang'ono… owopsa. Kupanga zokuzira mawu si luso lalikulu - dengu lalikulu lalikulu ndi diaphragm sizimawononga ndalama zambiri, zimadalira kwambiri (ndipo kukula kwake) kwa maginito, komwe kumatsimikizira magawo ambiri ofunikira. Pamaziko awa, mwa kusankha koyenera kwa mapangidwe ena (coil, diaphragm), mphamvu, mphamvu, kutsika, kutsika, komanso kuyankha kwabwino kumamangidwa. Cholankhulira chachikulu ndi chofooka ndi tsoka, makamaka mu dongosolo bass reflex.

Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa chake anthu ena amasamala ndi mawoofer akuluakulu (m'zokweza mawu), nthawi zambiri amawadzudzula chifukwa "ochedwa", monga momwe zikuwonetsedwera ndi diaphragm yolemera kwambiri. Komabe, ngati dongosolo lolemera la oscillatory likuyambitsa "drive" yokwanira, ndiye kuti zonse zikhoza kukhala mu dongosolo, ponseponse mu chokweza mawu komanso mu subwoofer yogwira. Koma samalani - kufooka kwa maginito sikudzalipidwa ndi mphamvu yaikulu ya amplifier kapena mphamvu zake (panopa, ndi zina zotero), zomwe opanga ena amapereka. Pakalipano kuchokera ku booster ili ngati mafuta, ndipo ngakhale mafuta abwino kwambiri sangasinthe kwambiri ntchito ya injini yofooka.

Kabati yoyang'ana yomweyi, zokuzira mawu (kunja) ndi mazana a Watts amatha kutulutsa zotsatira zosiyana kwambiri, malingana ndi mphamvu ndi kasinthidwe ka makina opangira mawu.

Makamaka pankhani ya inverter ya gawo "yosweka" ndi maginito ofooka (ndi / kapena voliyumu yaying'ono kwambiri), kuyankha kwamphamvu sikungathe "kukonzedwa" ndi mphamvu yochokera ku amplifier, yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kukonza kuyankha pafupipafupi. , choncho, mu subwoofers yogwira ntchito - nthawi zambiri kuposa oyankhula - imagwiritsidwa ntchito thupi lotsekedwa. Koma bass reflex imanyengerera ndi mphamvu zake zapamwamba, imatha kusewera mokweza, mochititsa chidwi kwambiri ... ndipo kulondola kwa kuphulika sikofunikira kwambiri m'nyumba zowonetsera nyumba. Ndi bwino kukhala ndi zonse mwakamodzi, zomwe zimafuna chokweza (m'mbali zonse) chokweza mawu, mphamvu zambiri kuchokera ku amplifier ndi mpanda wokhala ndi voliyumu yabwino. Zonsezi zimawononga ndalama, kotero ma subwoofers akulu komanso abwino nthawi zambiri sakhala otsika mtengo. Koma pali "zifukwa", koma kuti muwapeze, sikokwanira kuyang'ana subwoofer kuchokera kunja, kuwerenga makhalidwe ake eni eni, kapena ngakhale kulumikiza ndikuyang'ana zoikamo zingapo mwachisawawa m'chipinda chodzidzimutsa. Ndibwino kuti mudziwe "zowona zolimba" ... mu mayesero athu ndi miyeso.

Grille - kuchotsa?

W zokuzira mawu zamagulu ambiri Vuto la zotsatira za chigoba pakukonza magwiridwe antchito ndizovuta kwambiri kotero kuti timaziganizira mumiyeso yathu poyerekeza momwe zinthu zilili (pamtunda waukulu) ndi popanda chigoba. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse kusiyana (kuwononga grille) kumakhala koonekeratu kuti timalimbikitsa kuchotsa, nthawi zina momveka bwino.

Pankhani ya subwoofers, sitidandaula ndi izi konse, chifukwa pafupifupi palibe grille yomwe imasintha magwiridwe antchito kwambiri. Monga tafotokozera nthawi zambiri, wamba gratings zimakhudza ma radiation osati kwambiri ndi zinthu zomwe chowuzira cholumikizira chimakwiriridwa, koma ndi chimango chomwe chida ichi chatambasulidwa. Kuchepetsa komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi minyewa yodziwika bwino ndi yaying'ono, koma mafunde ang'onoang'ono apakati komanso okwera kwambiri amawonekera kuchokera ku scaffolds, amasokoneza ndipo potero amapanga zina zosagwirizana. Pankhani ya ma subwoofers, mafunde otsika kwambiri omwe amapangidwa ndi iwo amakhala aatali kwambiri (poyerekeza ndi makulidwe a mafelemu), kotero iwo samawonekera kuchokera kwa iwo, koma "amayenda mozungulira" chopinga ngati m'mphepete mwa mafelemu. kabati, kufalikira momasuka komanso mbali zonse. Choncho, ma subwoofers amatha kusiyidwa bwino ndi ma grills, malinga ngati ... ali amphamvu komanso okhazikika bwino kuti asalowe mu kugwedezeka kwa ma frequency ndi ma voliyumu apamwamba, zomwe nthawi zina zimachitika.

Kutumiza opanda zingwe nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosankha, kumafuna kugula gawo lapadera, koma doko mu subwoofer likudikirira kale.

Omnidirectional

Tikamayesa ma subwoofers, sitiganizira zamayendedwe owongolera, chifukwa chake sitiyesa mawonekedwe opangira pamakona osiyanasiyana. Zimakhala zovuta kuyankhula za olamulira omwe muyeso umapangidwira, chifukwa ichi ndi chomwe chimatchedwa pafupi ndi munda - (monga momwe matalikidwe ake amaloleza). Mafupipafupi otsika chifukwa cha kutalika kwa mafunde, omwe ndi aakulu kwambiri kuposa kukula kwa woofer wamkulu ndi mpanda wake, amafalitsa omnidirectionally (spherical wave), chomwe ndicho chifukwa chachikulu chogwiritsira ntchito machitidwe a subwoofer ambiri. Kotero ziribe kanthu ngati subwoofer ikuloza mwachindunji kwa omvera kapena pang'ono kumbali, ikhoza kukhala pansi pa gulu ... zomwe sizikutanthauza kuti zilibe kanthu komwe ili .