Zowonongeka zotsika mtengo kwambiri

Zomwe zimakonda kuswa magalimoto amakono? Zinthu zambiri, koma pali zosokoneza zomwe zimatha kuwononga ndalama zambiri zapanyumba.

Nthawi lamba yopuma

Kugwiritsa ntchito lamba wa nthawi m'malo mwa unyolo kuli ndi ubwino wake wosatsutsika. Choyamba, iyi ndi njira yochepetsera phokoso, kachiwiri, ndiyopepuka, yachitatu, ndipo chofunika kwambiri, ndiyosavuta komanso yofulumira kusintha. Vuto loyambirira linali kukana kwa malamba otsika, omwe amayenera kusinthidwa ngakhale 60 zikwizikwi. km. Pakalipano, nthawi pakati pa zosintha zawonjezeka kwambiri ndipo ngakhale kufika 240 zikwi. km. Komanso n'zochepa kwambiri kuthyola lamba msanga. Koma ngati zitero, zotsatira zake zingakhale zoopsa.

Vuto la lamba wosweka nthawi limakhudza zomwe zimatchedwa kugunda kwa injini, momwe pisitoni imatha kukumana ndi mavavu. Kugunda kwawo, makamaka, kumapangitsa kuti ma valve apinde, poipa kwambiri, kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwathunthu kwa injini.

Mtengo wokonzanso udzadalira makamaka kukula kwa kuwonongeka. Kukonzanso kotsika mtengo kwa mutu kudzakwera mtengo, komwe, kuwonjezera pa mavavu opindika, maupangiri a valve adzasinthidwa (ma zloty mazana angapo + chida chatsopano cha nthawi). Koma camshaft imatha kuwonongeka. Mutha kupeza kuti m'malo mwa mutu ndiwotsika mtengo kwambiri. Dongosolo la crank-piston siliwonongeka nthawi zonse pomwe ma pistoni akumana ndi ma valve, koma samachotsedwa. Muzovuta kwambiri, zitha kuwoneka kuti gawo lonse lamagetsi liyenera kusinthidwa. Kutengera injini, mtengo wa kukonza ukhoza kuyambira 2 mpaka masauzande angapo. zloti.

Kodi mungapewe bwanji kulephera kwamtengo wapatali chifukwa cha lamba wosweka? Choyamba, nthawi zonse tsatirani malingaliro osintha lamba wanthawi. Izi zitha kukhala malire a makilomita kapena zaka, pambuyo pake m'malo mwake ndikofunikira. Pogula galimoto yogwiritsidwa ntchito popanda mbiri yakale, m'pofunika kusintha nthawi ya lamba. Chachiwiri, chosinthacho chiyenera kuperekedwa ku ntchito yomwe ingathe kutsimikizira ntchito yosinthira nthawi. Chachitatu, pewani zinthu zotsika mtengo. Ngati garaja ili ndi chidziwitso chothandizira magalimoto amtunduwu, tidzadalira zinthu zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa ndi zimango. Chachinayi, peŵani zinthu zimene lamba woyendera nthaŵi angadumphe, monga kuyendetsa galimoto chifukwa chonyada.

Dual misa gudumu

Mtundu wotchuka wa "dual-mass" kapena dual-mass flywheel ndi gawo la injini lomwe lakhudza masauzande a madalaivala a dizilo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'mainjini amakono a dizilo, komanso pamapangidwe ena a injini zamafuta. N’chifukwa chiyani timawagwiritsa ntchito? Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake, ma flywheel awiri-mass flywheel amachepetsa kugwedezeka ndi kugwedezeka komwe kumaperekedwanso kumafayilo ndikusunga kulemera kochepa. Chifukwa chake, imateteza gearbox kuti isawonongeke. Komano, otsika kulemera kwa gudumu bwino anachita ndi Kuwonjezera mpweya, choncho ali ndi zotsatira zabwino pa mphamvu ya galimoto.

Mapangidwe a ntchentche ya "single-mass" ndiyosavuta kwambiri padziko lapansi - ndi chidutswa chachitsulo chokhala ndi misa yosankhidwa bwino, yomangidwa ku crankshaft. Pankhani ya ma flywheels amitundu iwiri, mapangidwe ake amakhala ovuta kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, awa ndi magulu awiri olekanitsidwa ndi akasupe opangidwa mozungulira, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zinthu kumawonjezeka kwambiri. Gawo lomwe limayambitsa zolephera ndi damper ya vibration, ndiye kuti, zida zomwe tatchulazi za akasupe ndi zinthu zomwe zimayenderana. Ikhoza kulephera pambuyo pa makumi masauzande a makilomita, ndipo m'malo mwake sizingatheke. Zizindikiro zimaphatikizapo kugogoda poyambira, kugwedezeka, kugwedezeka, ndi kugogoda pamene mukusintha magiya. Ndege yapawiri-misala iyenera kusinthidwa kwathunthu, ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ndalama zowonjezera. Kutengera mtundu wa injini, gudumu lokha limawononga pakati pa PLN 1500 ndi PLN 6000. Kuwonjezera pa izi kunali kusintha kwa clutch ndi ntchito.

Kodi n'zotheka kuwonjezera moyo wa flywheel? Inde, ndikwanira kupeŵa kuyambira mwadzidzidzi, kugwedezeka kuchokera ku clutch kapena kusintha kwa gear yosalala. Si chinsinsi kuti wodekha kuyendetsa pa mtunda wautali pa chigawo ichi ndi bwino kuposa zoyendetsa galimoto m'mizinda.

Nozzles

Masiku ano, jekeseni wa dizilo ndi magawo ovuta omwe amayenera kugwira ntchito molimbika kwambiri. Malingana ndi mapangidwe kapena kupanga, nthawi zina zimakhala zosatheka kukonza. Zikatero, mwiniwakeyo amakumana ndi ndalama zambiri.

Mainjini ambiri amakono a dizilo amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya Common-Rail. Izi zimatchedwa njanji yothamanga kwambiri yomwe majekeseni amalumikizidwa. Atha kukhala ndi ma electromagnetic kapena piezoelectric control. Zoyambazo n'zosavuta kukonza, zotsirizirazo zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Kuwonongeka kwawo kumakhala koopsa kwambiri, chifukwa opanga nthawi zambiri sakonzekera kukonza. Popita ku seti ya nozzles zatsopano za ASO, nthawi zina mutha kukumana ndi kuchuluka kwa 20. PLN. Pafupifupi zaka ziwiri zapitazo, Denso, yemwe amapanga majekeseni a piezoelectric a injini za dizilo za ku Japan, adasintha ndondomeko yake ndipo tsopano mutha kupezanso majekeseni a piezoelectric kuchokera ku kampaniyi.

Zizindikiro za majekeseni otha amatha kukhala osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, kuyamba kovuta, kusagwira ntchito moyenera, utsi wakuda kapena kuzimitsa nokha ndizizindikiro za ndalama zomwe zikubwera. Mtengo wa kukonzanso jekeseni umadalira makamaka mapangidwe awo. Zotsika mtengo kwambiri ndi zamtundu wakale (kasupe), kubwezeretsanso komwe ku ulemerero wawo wakale kumawononga pafupifupi 200 zł pa seti. Majekeseni a pampu ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri, mitengo imayambira pafupifupi PLN 600 pa seti iliyonse. Kubwezeretsa magwiridwe antchito a Common-Rail jekeseni nthawi zambiri kumawononga PLN 2,5-3 zikwi. zloti. Komabe, kumbukirani kuti si nyumba zonse zomwe zingathe kutsitsimutsidwa.

Turbocharger

Turbocharging ikukhala chizolowezi mu injini zamagalimoto zamakono. Pafupifupi injini zonse za dizilo zomwe zimapangidwa lero, komanso kuchuluka kwa injini zamafuta, zidzakhala ndi turbocharger imodzi.

Turbocharger imalola kuti mpweya wochulukirapo upopedwe mu silinda kuposa momwe zimakhalira ndi injini yofunidwa mwachilengedwe, motero mafuta ochulukirapo pakazungulira. Zotsatira zake zimakhala mphamvu zambiri ndi kusamuka kochepa. Ma injini amakono amakonzedwanso kuti mapindikidwe a torque akhale athyathyathya mkati mwa rpm, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magetsi azitulutsa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochepa.

Turbocharger ndi zida za injini zodula kwambiri. Izi zimakhudzidwa ndi mapangidwe awo. Ziwalozo zimapangidwa mosamala kwambiri kuti rotor igwire ntchito mwachangu kwambiri, mpaka 200. rpm Izi zimafuna mafuta oyenera. Kusasamala kulikonse pankhaniyi kudzabweretsa zopinga zazikulu. Zizindikiro zakutha ndikugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ambiri a injini, utsi wabuluu, kutha mphamvu, kapena kuyimba mluzu mokweza.

Chiwerengero cha mautumiki omwe akukhudzidwa ndi kukonza ndi kukonzanso ma turbocharger ndiambiri. Mitengo yakhazikikanso pamlingo wina, ngakhale imatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi kapangidwe kake. Mitundu yosavuta kwambiri ya turbocharger yokhala ndi geometry yokhazikika imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamitengo yoyambira PLN 600 mpaka PLN 1200. Tikukamba za kusinthika kofunikira, komwe kumaphatikizapo kusokoneza makina opangira magetsi, kuyeretsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida zokonzera. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu, kuphatikiza kusinthidwa kwa shaft kapena turbine, kumawononga pakati pa PLN 1000 ndi PLN 2000. Zikatero, m'pofunika kudziwa ngati ndi bwino kugula chopangira injini wosinthika (mtengo PLN 1200-2000). Ngati tikuchita ndi ma variable geometry turbocharger (VGT), mtengo ukhoza kuwonjezeka ndi PLN 150-400 yowonjezera. Komabe, ma workshop apadera omwe ali ndi zida zoyenera ayenera kuthana ndi kukonza kwawo.

Momwe mungasamalire turbocharger kuti iziyenda bwino? Moyo wautumiki wa turbine wamba ndi pafupifupi 200. km. Komabe, kusayendetsa bwino komanso kusasamalira bwino kungathe kuchepetsa mtunda uwu kukhala mailosi 10 okha. km. Choyamba, kumbukirani kuti turbocharger imafuna mafuta abwino nthawi zonse. Kukalamba kwakukulu kwa mafuta sikuyenera kuloledwa, chifukwa izi zimabweretsa kuoneka kwa chinyezi mu dongosolo lopaka mafuta. Kumbukiraninso kusintha zosefera mpweya ndi mafuta pafupipafupi. Ponena za opareshoni yokha, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri ndikulola turbine "kuzizira" pambuyo poyenda molimba komanso osazimitsa injini nthawi yomweyo. Ngati tikufuna kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse za unit mphamvu, ndipo galimoto okonzeka ndi Start / Stop dongosolo, ndi bwino kuti zimitsani izo.