Russian odana ndi ndege dongosolo Sosna

Pine pa Marichi. Pambali ya mutu wa optical-electronic, mumatha kuona zophimba zachitsulo zomwe zimateteza magalasi ku ndege ya gasi ya injini ya rocket. Mapulatifomu osinthidwa kuchokera ku BMP-2 adayikidwa pamwamba pa njanji.

Kumapeto kwa nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse, gulu latsopano la ndege zankhondo zinatulukira. Awa anali magalimoto omenya opangidwa kuti azithandizira ankhondo awo omwe ali pamzere wakutsogolo, komanso kumenyana ndi adani apansi panthaka. Kuyambira lerolino, mphamvu zawo zinali zopanda pake, koma zinawonetsa kukana modabwitsa kuwonongeka - anali amodzi mwa makina oyambirira okhala ndi zitsulo. Wosunga rekodiyo adabwerera ku eyapoti kwawo atawombera pafupifupi 200.

Mphamvu ya stormtroopers ku Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse inali yokwera kwambiri, ngakhale kutsimikiziridwa kwa Hans-Ulrich Rudl kuwonongedwa kwa akasinja oposa XNUMX kuyenera kuonedwa kuti ndikokokomeza kwambiri. Pa nthawi imeneyo, pofuna kuteteza iwo, makamaka zida zolemera kwambiri ndi mfuti zazing'ono zotsutsana ndi ndege zinagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimaganiziridwabe ngati njira yothandiza yolimbana ndi ma helikopita komanso ngakhale ndege zotsika. Anthu onyamula zida zankhondo zoyenda molunjika mpaka pansi ndi vuto lomwe likukulirakulira. Pakali pano, mivi yowongoka ndi zowulukira zimatha kuomberedwa kuchokera patali kwambiri kuposa kuchuluka kwamfuti zazing'ono, ndipo kuthekera koponya mivi yomwe ikubwera ndikosatheka. Chifukwa chake, magulu ankhondo apansi amafunikira zida zotsutsana ndi ndege zokhala ndi mitundu ingapo kuposa zida zapamwamba kwambiri zapamlengalenga. Ntchitoyi imatha kugwiridwa ndi mfuti zapakatikati zolimbana ndi ndege zokhala ndi zida zamakono kapena zoponya zapamtunda.

Mu Soviet Union, chitetezo cha ndege cha asilikali apansi chinali chofunika kwambiri, kuposa dziko lina lililonse. Nkhondo itatha, zida zake zamagulu osiyanasiyana zidapangidwa: chitetezo chachindunji chinali 2-3 km yamphamvu yowombera moto, mzere wopitilira muyeso wa chitetezo chapansi panthaka udalekanitsidwa ndi 50 km kapena kupitilira apo, ndipo pakati pa izi monyanyira panali chimodzi " gawo lapakati”. Echelon yoyamba poyamba inali ndi mapasa ndi quadruple 14,5 mm ZPU-2 / ZU-2 ndi ZPU-4 mfuti, ndiyeno 23 mm ZU-23-2 mfuti ndi zokwera za m'badwo woyamba (9K32 Strela-2, 9K32M "Strela- 2M"), wachiwiri - oyambitsa rocket 9K31 / M "Strela-1 / M" okhala ndi kuwombera mpaka 4200 m ndi zida zodzipangira okha ZSU-23-4 "Shilka". Pambuyo pake, Strela-1 idasinthidwa ndi maofesi a 9K35 Strela-10 okhala ndi kuwombera mpaka 5 km ndi zosankha zachitukuko chawo, ndipo, potsiriza, kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 80, 2S6 Tunguska yodziyendetsa yokha ya rocket-artillery mounts ndi 30 - mm zida zankhondo. mapasa ndi zida zisanu ndi zitatu za rocket zokhala ndi ma 8 km osiyanasiyana. Wosanjikiza wotsatira anali mfuti wodziyendetsa yekha 9K33 Osa (kenako 9K330 Tor), wotsatira - 2K12 Kub (kenako 9K37 Buk), ndi osiyanasiyana kwambiri anali 2K11 Krug dongosolo, m'malo mu 80s ndi 9K81 S-300V.

Ngakhale kuti Tunguska inali yapamwamba komanso yothandiza, inali yovuta kupanga komanso yokwera mtengo, kotero iwo sanalowe m'malo mwa awiriawiri a m'badwo wapitawo Shilka / Strela-10, monga momwe zinalili mu mapulani oyambirira. Rockets kwa Strela-10 anali amakono kangapo (zoyambira 9M37, kukweza 9M37M / MD ndi 9M333), ndipo kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma kuyesera kuti m'malo mwawo ndi 9M39 mivi ya 9K38 Igla zida zonyamula. Mitundu yawo inali yofanana ndi 9M37/M, chiwerengero cha mivi yokonzekera kukhazikitsidwa chinali chowirikiza kawiri, koma lingaliro ili limalepheretsa mbali imodzi - mphamvu ya warhead. Chabwino, kulemera kwa Igla warhead ndi kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa mivi ya 9M37 / M Strela-10 - 1,7 motsutsana ndi 3 kg. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mwayi wogunda chandamale umatsimikiziridwa osati kokha ndi chitetezo champhamvu ndi phokoso la wofunafuna, komanso ndi mphamvu ya nkhondo, yomwe imakula molingana ndi lalikulu la misa yake.

Ntchito pa mzinga watsopano wa gulu lalikulu la 9M37 la Strela-10 complex linayambika m'nthawi ya Soviet. Kusiyanitsa kwake kunali njira yolozera. Asitikali aku Soviet adaganiza kuti ngakhale zida zoponya zolimbana ndi ndege zopepuka, kupita kumalo otentha kunali njira "yachiwopsezo chachikulu" - zinali zosatheka kuneneratu nthawi yomwe mdaniyo adzakhazikitse m'badwo watsopano wa zida zojambulira zomwe zingapangitse kuwongolera kotere. zoponya zosagwira ntchito konse. Izi zinachitika ndi zida za 9M32 za 9K32 Strela-2 zovuta. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 60 ndi 70 ku Vietnam, zinali zogwira mtima kwambiri, mu 1973 ku Middle East zidakhala zogwira mtima, ndipo patapita zaka zingapo mphamvu yawo inatsikira pafupifupi zero, ngakhale pa nkhani ya 9M32M missile yowonjezera. khazikitsa Strela- 2M. Kuphatikiza apo, panali njira zina padziko lapansi: kuwongolera wailesi ndi kuwongolera kwa laser. Yoyamba nthawi zambiri inkagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma roketi akuluakulu, koma panali zosiyanirapo, monga chitoliro chonyamulika cha ku Britain. Chitsogozo chotsatira mtengo wowongolera laser chidagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba pakuyika kwa Swedish RBS-70. Yotsirizira ankaona kuti zingamuthandize kwambiri mu USSR, makamaka chifukwa cholemera pang'ono 9M33 Osa ndi 9M311 Tunguska mizinga anali malangizo wailesi. Njira zosiyanasiyana zowongolera mizinga zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poteteza mpweya wamitundu ingapo zimasokoneza kulimbana ndi adani.