Lamba wanthawi kapena unyolo. Ndi chiyani chomwe chimagwira bwino ntchito?
Kodi ndikofunikira kuyang'ana galimoto kudzera pamtundu wamtundu wanthawi yoyendetsa? Mwina ayi, koma mutagula ndi bwino kuti mudziwe ngati lamba kapena unyolo umagwira ntchito pamenepo.
Kuyendetsa nthawi ndi nkhani yotentha kwambiri pamagalimoto ambiri omwe injini zake zimakhala ndi camshaft kapena ma camshaft. Unyolo wautali kapena lamba wosinthika wa nthawi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusamutsa mphamvu ku ma camshafts kuchokera ku crankshaft yakutali. Apa ndipamene mavuto amayambira. Malamba a nthawi amatha kuthyoka msanga chifukwa cha kuvala kwambiri kapena amatha kusweka chifukwa cha kulephera kwa zigawo zina. Unyolo wanthawi utha kutambasuka ndi "kulumpha" pa magiya, mwina chifukwa cha maulalo achitsulo osawoneka bwino, kapena chifukwa chakuvala kofulumira kapena kulephera kwa midadada yotsetsereka ya unyolo ngati ma tensioners ndi ma mufflers.
Mulimonsemo, kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa galimoto kumatha kuchitika ngati kuyendetsa kuli kotchedwa "slip-on". "Kugundana" uku ndikuthekera kwa ma pistoni kugundana ndi ma valve pamene kuzungulira kwa crankshaft sikunagwirizane bwino ndi kuzungulira kwa camshaft kapena camshafts. Lamba wothamanga kapena unyolo umalumikiza crankshaft ndi camshaft kapena camshafts, kuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu izi zikugwirizana bwino. Ngati lamba wathyoka kapena unyolo wanthawi "udumphira" pamagiya, mutha kuyiwala za kulunzanitsa, ma pistoni amakumana ndi ma valve ndipo injini "yawonongeka".
Kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kumadalira makamaka pa liwiro la injini yomwe lamba kapena unyolo unalephera. Ndiwokulirapo, kumtunda kwa liwiro lomwe kulephera kunachitika. Zabwino kwambiri, zimatha kukhala ndi ma valve opindika, poyipa kwambiri, okhala ndi mutu wa silinda wowonongeka, mizere yong'ambika kapena yopindika, komanso zomangira zomangira. Mtengo wa kukonza makamaka zimadalira kukula kwa "cataclysm" yomwe yadutsa mu injini. Muzochitika zochepa kwambiri, PLN 1000-2000 ndi yokwanira, muzochitika "zapamwamba" ndalamazi ziyenera kuchulukitsidwa ndi 4, 5 kapena 6 pamene tikuchita ndi galimoto yapamwamba. Choncho, pogula, ndi bwino kudziwa ngati galimoto yomwe mukugula ili ndi "kugundana" kwa injini, ndipo ngati ndi choncho, ndi nthawi yanji yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito komanso ngati ingayambitse vuto. Kale poyang'ana koyamba, mutha kufunsa ngati pali vuto lililonse ndi kuyendetsa nthawi komanso ngati kungathe kupirira mtunda woperekedwa ndi wopanga. M'magalimoto ambiri, makamaka omwe ali ndi malamba a nthawi, zigawo za nthawi ziyenera kusinthidwa mwamsanga kuposa momwe buku la fakitale likunenera. Osanyalanyaza zofunikira zotere, ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito ma zloty mazana angapo pagalimoto yatsopano yanthawi kuposa masauzande angapo ma pistoni atakumana ndi ma valve.
Akonzi amalimbikitsa:
Kuwonjezeka kwa chindapusa kwa madalaivala. Chinasintha n’chiyani?
Tikuyesa galimoto yokongola yabanja
Makamera othamanga anasiya kugwira ntchito. Nanga bwanji chitetezo?
Kawirikawiri, malamba a nthawi amatha kuyambitsa mavuto. Gulu laling'ono chabe la magalimoto omwe ali ndi unyolo wosakhazikika wa nthawi kapena mizere yotsetsereka yomwe imalumikizana nawo, kulephera kwake kumabweretsa "kumasulidwa" kwa unyolo. Ndiye malamba a nthawi amagwiritsidwa ntchito chiyani? Tiyeni tibwerere ku mbiriyakale. Ma injini amagalimoto oyamba okhala ndi ma camshaft apamwamba adawonekera kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1910. Magawo amphamvu a nthawiyo anali ataliatali chifukwa cha pisitoni yayitali, motero mtunda wapakati pa camshaft ndi crankshaft yomwe imatha kuthamangitsidwa unali wochuluka. Vutoli linathetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimatchedwa "royal" shafts ndi magiya aang'ono. "Royal" camshaft drive inali yodalirika, yolondola komanso yolimba, koma yolemera komanso yokwera mtengo kupanga. Chifukwa chake, pazosowa zamagalimoto otchuka okhala ndi camshaft yapamwamba, adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito tcheni chotsika mtengo komanso chopepuka, ndipo ma shafts "achifumu" adapangidwira magalimoto amasewera. Kale mu XNUMX, maunyolo oyendetsa nthawi yokhala ndi shaft "pamwamba" anali okhazikika ndipo adakhala choncho pafupifupi theka la zana.
Unyolo wanthawi yokhala ndi magiya umabisika mkati mwa injini, imatha kuyendetsa zida zake zothandizira monga pampu yamafuta, pampu yozizirira kapena pampu ya jakisoni (injini za dizilo). Monga lamulo, ndizokhazikika komanso zodalirika, ndipo zimatha nthawi yonse ya injini (pali, mwatsoka, kupatulapo). Komabe, imakonda kutalika komanso kunjenjemera, chifukwa chake imafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito cholumikizira ndi zingwe zotsetsereka zomwe zimagwira ntchito yowongolera komanso yoletsa mawu. Mzere umodzi wodzigudubuza (wosaoneka masiku ano) ukhoza kuyendetsedwa mpaka 100 km.
makina awiri mzere akhoza kugwira ntchito bwino ngakhale 400-500 zikwi Km. Unyolo wa mano umakhala wolimba kwambiri komanso nthawi yomweyo umakhala chete, koma ndi wokwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa maunyolo odzigudubuza. Ubwino waukulu wa unyolo wanthawi yayitali ndikuti umachenjeza wogwiritsa ntchito galimoto zamavuto omwe akubwera. Pamene unyolo sags kwambiri, imayamba "kusisita" ndi injini nyumba, khalidwe rattling kumachitika. Ichi ndi chizindikiro choti muyenera kupita ku garaja. Unyolo sukhala wolakwa nthawi zonse, nthawi zina zimakhala kuti tensioner kapena sliding bar iyenera kusinthidwa.
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Makampani opanga mankhwala, omwe adakula kwambiri pambuyo pa nkhondo, pogwiritsa ntchito mafuta osaphika otsika mtengo, adapatsa mafakitale, kuphatikizapo makampani opanga magalimoto, mapulasitiki ochulukirapo komanso amakono. Iwo anali ndi ntchito zambiri, pamapeto pake adapezanso njira yawo yoyendetsera nthawi. Mu 1961, galimoto yoyamba yopangidwa ndi misa idawonekera ndi lamba wa mano otanuka kulumikiza crankshaft ndi camshaft (Glas S 1004). Chifukwa cha zabwino zambiri, njira yatsopanoyi idayamba kupeza otsatira ambiri. Kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma XNUMX, malamba okhala ndi mano mu makina amagiya akhala otchuka ngati maunyolo. Lamba wanthawi, wopangidwa ndi polyurethane, neoprene kapena mphira wapadera komanso wolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi wa Kevlar, ndiwopepuka kwambiri. Imayendanso mwakachetechete kuposa unyolo. Sichifuna mafuta, choncho amakhala kunja kwa galimoto nyumba ndipo mosavuta pansi pa chigwa nyumba. Itha kuyendetsa zida zambiri kuposa dera (kuphatikiza alternator, A/C compressor). Komabe, lamba ayenera kutetezedwa bwino ku dothi ndi mafuta. Komanso silipereka chenjezo lililonse kuti likhoza kusweka pakamphindi.
Monga mukuwonera, unyolo wanthawi ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri komanso yotetezeka pachikwama chanu. Komabe, ndizovuta kutengera kugula kwagalimoto ndi kukhalapo kwake kuchokera ku hood. Mutha kukhala ndi lamba wokhala ndi mano pakuyendetsa nthawi, koma muyenera kuyang'ana nthawi zonse momwe lambayo alili ndikumvera upangiri wa amakanika odziwa zambiri.
