Kupanganso zida zamagalimoto - kumakhala kopindulitsa liti? Wotsogolera
Kuphatikiza pa zida zoyambira komanso zosinthira, zida zomwe zidapangidwanso zimapezekanso pamsika wam'mbuyo. Kodi mungakhulupirire zigawo zoterezi ndipo ndizopindulitsa kuzigula?
Mbiri ya kubwezeretsedwa kwa magawo a magalimoto ndi pafupifupi yakale monga mbiri ya galimoto yokha. Munthawi ya upainiya wamakampani opanga magalimoto, kupanganso inali njira yokhayo yokonzetsera galimoto.
Zaka zambiri zapitazo, kupanganso zida zamagalimoto kunkachitika makamaka ndi amisiri ndi mafakitale ang'onoang'ono. Patapita nthawi, izi zinasamalidwa ndi nkhawa zazikulu, zomwe zimatsogoleredwa ndi opanga magalimoto ndi zida zamagalimoto.
Pakalipano, kukonzanso kwa zida zotsalira kuli ndi zolinga ziwiri: zachuma (gawo lopangidwanso ndi lotsika mtengo kuposa latsopano) ndi chilengedwe (sitiwononga chilengedwe ndi ziwalo zosweka).
Kusinthana mapulogalamu
Chifukwa cha chidwi cha nkhawa zamagalimoto pakukonzanso magawo agalimoto makamaka chifukwa chofuna kupeza phindu. Koma, mwachitsanzo, Volkswagen, yomwe yakhala ikupanganso zida zosinthira kuyambira 1947, idayamba ntchitoyi pazifukwa zomveka. M’dziko limene munali nkhondo, munalibe zida zopangira zinthu zokwanira.
Masiku ano, opanga magalimoto ambiri, komanso makampani odziwika bwino a magawo, amagwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimatchedwa mapulogalamu olowa m'malo, i.e. kungogulitsa zigawo zotsika mtengo pambuyo pa kubadwanso, malinga ndi kubwereranso kwa gawo lomwe linagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mbali remanufacturing ndi njira imene opanga magalimoto kupikisana ndi opanga otchedwa m'malo. Makampani amatsindika kuti katundu wawo ndi wofanana ndi chinthu chatsopano cha fakitale, ali ndi chitsimikizo chofanana, ndipo ndi otchipa kusiyana ndi gawo latsopano. Mwanjira iyi, opanga magalimoto amafuna kusunga makasitomala omwe amasankha magalasi odziyimira pawokha.
Onaninso: Mafuta, dizilo kapena gasi? Tinawerengera ndalama zoyendetsera galimoto
Chitsimikizocho ndi cholimbikitsanso kwa makasitomala amakampani ena opangiranso. Ena mwa iwo amayendetsa mapulogalamu apadera omwe amalimbikitsa ogwiritsa ntchito kusintha gawo lowonongeka ndi lopangidwanso kapena kugula lomwe latha ndikulikweza.
Komabe, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe munthu amene akufuna kugula gawo lokonzedwanso pansi pa pulogalamu yosinthira ayenera kukwaniritsa. Magawo oti abwezedwe akuyenera kukhala olowa m'malo mwa chinthu chopangidwanso (mwachitsanzo, zida zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito zikuyenera kukhala zofananira ndi zomwe zidapangidwa mufakitale yagalimoto). Ayeneranso kukhala osawonongeka komanso osawonongeka chifukwa cha kusonkhanitsidwa kosayenera.
Komanso, kuwonongeka kwa mawotchi komwe sikuli chifukwa cha kayendetsedwe kabwino ka galimoto, mwachitsanzo, kuwonongeka chifukwa cha ngozi, kukonza zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi luso la wopanga, ndi zina zotero, ndizosavomerezeka.
Ndi chiyani chingapangidwenso?
Zigawo zingapo zamagalimoto zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito zimatha kusinthidwanso. Palinso omwe sali oyenera kusinthika, chifukwa ali, mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi (dziko loyaka moto). Zina sizimasinthidwanso chifukwa chofuna kusunga chitetezo (mwachitsanzo, zinthu zina za braking system).
Zigawo za injini ndi zowonjezera nthawi zambiri zimapangidwanso, monga masilinda, pistoni, majekeseni, mapampu a jakisoni, zida zoyatsira, zoyambira, ma alternators, ma turbocharger. Gulu lachiwiri ndi kuyimitsidwa ndi kuyendetsa zigawo. Izi zikuphatikizapo rocker arms, dampers, akasupe, zikhomo, tayi ndodo mapeto, driveshafts, gearboxes.
Onaninso: Choyimitsira pagalimoto: kuchotsa nkhungu ndikusintha zosefera
Chofunikira chachikulu kuti pulogalamuyo igwire ntchito ndikuti zigawo zomwe zabwezedwa ziyenera kukonzedwa. Bweretsaninso misonkhano ndi zowonongeka chifukwa cha kuvala kwa zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso ziwalo zowonongeka kwambiri chifukwa cha kulemetsa kosiyanasiyana, kusinthika ndi kusintha kwa mapangidwe chifukwa cha kusintha kwa malo ogwira ntchito.
Zimalipira ndalama zingati?
Zigawo zokonzedwanso ndizotsika mtengo 30-60 peresenti kuposa zatsopano. Zonse zimadalira chinthu ichi (chovuta kwambiri, ndipamwamba mtengo) ndi wopanga. Zida zopangidwanso ndi opanga magalimoto nthawi zambiri zimawononga ndalama zambiri.
Onaninso: N’chifukwa chiyani galimotoyo imasuta kwambiri? Kodi kuyendetsa ndalama ndi chiyani?
Kugula zida zopangidwanso kumakopa makamaka kwa eni magalimoto okhala ndi jakisoni wamba wa njanji kapena injini za dizilo za mayunitsi. Ukadaulo wovuta wa machitidwewa umapangitsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kuzikonza mumsonkhano. Mosiyana ndi izi, zida zatsopano ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zida za injini ya dizilo zopangidwanso zikhale zotchuka kwambiri.
Mitengo yoyerekeza ya magawo osankhidwa opangidwanso
jenereta: PLN 350 - 700
Njira zowongolera: PLN 150-200 (popanda hydraulic booster), PLN 400-700 (yokhala ndi hydraulic booster)
zokhwasula-khwasula: PLN 300-800
turbocharger: PLN 2000 - 3000
ma crankshafts: PLN 200 - 300
zida za rocker: PLN 50 - 100
mtengo woyimitsidwa kumbuyo: PLN 1000 - 1500
Ireneusz Kilinowski, Auto Centrum Service ku Słupsk:
- Magawo opangidwanso ndi ndalama zopindulitsa kwa eni galimoto. Mitundu yazigawo izi ndi theka la mtengo wa zatsopano. Zigawo zokonzedwanso zimakhala zovomerezeka, nthawi zambiri mofanana ndi zida zatsopano. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti opanga ambiri amalemekeza chitsimikiziro pokhapokha gawo lopangidwanso likayikidwa ndi masitolo ovomerezeka okonzekera. Mfundo ndi yakuti wopanga gawolo akufuna kuonetsetsa kuti chinthuchi chinayikidwa motsatira ndondomeko. Zida zokonzedwanso zimabwezeretsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa fakitale, koma palinso magawo otsika opangidwanso pamsika kuchokera kumakampani omwe sagwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya fakitale. Posachedwapa, ogulitsa ambiri ochokera ku Far East awonekera.
Wojciech Frölichowski
