Zochita za mercury compounds
Metallic mercury ndi mankhwala ake ndi poizoni kwambiri kwa zamoyo. Izi ndizowona makamaka pamagulu omwe amasungunuka kwambiri m'madzi. Kusamala kwambiri kuyenera kuchitidwa poyesa kuphatikiza kwa chinthu chapaderachi (mercury ndiye chitsulo chokhacho chomwe chimakhala chamadzimadzi kutentha). Kutsatira mfundo zoyambira za kemist? zidzakulolani kuti muzichita zoyeserera zingapo ndi mankhwala a mercury.
Pakuyesa koyamba, timapeza aluminium amalgam (yankho lachitsulo ichi mumadzimadzi a Mercury). Mercury (II) yankho Hg nitrate (V) Hg (NO3)2 ndi chidutswa cha waya wa aluminiyamu (chithunzi 1). Ndodo ya aluminiyamu (yotsukidwa bwino ya madipoziti) imayikidwa mu chubu choyesera ndi yankho la mchere wosungunuka wa mercury (chithunzi 2). Patapita nthawi, tikhoza kuona kutulutsidwa kwa thovu la mpweya kuchokera pamwamba pa waya (zithunzi 3 ndi 4). Pambuyo pochotsa ndodo mu yankho, zimakhala kuti dongo likukutidwa ndi zokutira zofewa, ndipo kuwonjezera apo, tikuwonanso mipira yazitsulo zazitsulo (zithunzi 5 ndi 6).
Chemistry - chidziwitso chophatikiza mercury
M'mikhalidwe yabwinobwino, pamwamba pa aluminiyumu amakutidwa ndi wosanjikiza wokwanira wa aluminium oxide.2O3amalekanitsa bwino zitsulo ku zikoka zaukali chilengedwe. Pambuyo poyeretsa ndi kumiza ndodo mu yankho la mchere wa mercury, ma Hg ions amachotsedwa2+ aluminiyumu yogwira ntchito kwambiri
Mercury yomwe imayikidwa pamwamba pa ndodo imapanga amalgam ndi aluminiyamu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti oxide isagwirizane nayo. Aluminiyamu ndi chitsulo chogwira ntchito kwambiri (chimachita ndi madzi kuti chitulutse haidrojeni - ming'oma ya gasi imawonedwa), ndipo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake ngati chinthu chopangidwa ndi kotheka chifukwa cha zokutira wandiweyani wa oxide.
Pakuyesa kwachiwiri, tiwona ammonium NH ions.4+ pogwiritsa ntchito Nessler's reagent (wasayansi waku Germany Julius Nessler anali woyamba kuigwiritsa ntchito posanthula mu 1856).
Yesani momwe ma hops ndi mercury mankhwala amachitira
Kuyesa kumayamba ndi mvula ya mercury(II) iodide HgI.2, mutasakaniza njira za potaziyamu iodide KI ndi mercury (II) nitrate (V) Hg (NO3)2 (chithunzi 7):
Kutsika kofiira kwa Orange-HgI2 (chithunzi 8) kenako amathandizidwa ndi yankho la potaziyamu iodide kuti apeze sungunuka wosakanikirana wa formula K.2HGI4 ? Potaziyamu tetraiodercurate (II) (Chithunzi 9), chomwe ndi Nessler's reagent:
Ndi chigawo chotsatira, timatha kuzindikira ayoni ammonium. Mayankho a sodium hydroxide NaOH ndi ammonium chloride NH adzafunikabe.4Cl (chithunzi 10). Pambuyo powonjezera mchere wochepa wa ammonium ku reagent ya Nessler ndi alkalizing sing'anga ndi maziko amphamvu, timawona mapangidwe achikasu-lalanje amtundu wa chubu choyesera. Zomwe zikuchitika pano zitha kulembedwa motere:
Zomwe zimapangidwira mercury zimakhala ndi zovuta:
Mayeso ozindikira kwambiri a Nessler amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azindikire ammonium ammonium kapena ammonia m'madzi (monga madzi apampopi).
