Tanki yozindikira T-II "Lux"
Tanki yozindikira T-II "Lux"Pz.Kfw. II Ausf. L 'Luchs' (Sd.Kfz.123)
Chikopa cha thanki chimapangidwa popanda kupendekera kwa zida zankhondo. Mfuti yodziwikiratu ya 20 mm yokhala ndi migolo yotalika 55 imayikidwa mu turret yamitundu yambiri pogwiritsa ntchito chigoba cha cylindrical. Pamaziko a thanki iyi, chowotcha chamoto chodzipangira chokha (galimoto yapadera 122) chinapangidwanso. Tanki ya Lux inali galimoto yodziwika bwino yothamanga kwambiri komanso yokhoza kuyenda bwino, koma chifukwa chosowa zida ndi zida, inali ndi mphamvu zochepa zankhondo. thanki anapangidwa kuchokera September 1943 mpaka January 1944. Pazonse, akasinja 100 adapangidwa, omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo owunikira akasinja a tanki ndi magawo oyendetsa.
Mu July 1934, "Waffenamt" (dipatimenti ya zida) inapereka lamulo la chitukuko cha galimoto yankhondo yokhala ndi mizinga yokwana 20 mm yolemera matani 10. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 1935, makampani angapo, kuphatikizapo Krupp AG, MAN (chassis yekha), Henschel & Son (chassis yekha) ndi Daimler-Benz, anapereka zitsanzo za Landwirtschaftlicher Schlepper 100 (LaS 100) - thirakitala yaulimi. Ma prototypes a makina aulimi adapangidwa kuti ayesedwe ankhondo. thalakitala imeneyi amadziwikanso pansi pa mayina 2 cm MG "Panzerwagen" ndi (VK 6222) (Versuchkraftfahrzeug 622). Trakitala, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Panzerkampfwagen light tank, idapangidwa kuti igwirizane ndi tanki ya Panzerkampfwagen I ngati galimoto yokhala ndi zida zamphamvu zomwe zimatha kuwombera zipolopolo zankhondo ndi zipolopolo zoyaka moto. Krupp anali woyamba kupereka chitsanzo. Galimotoyo inali yokulirapo ya thanki ya LKA I (chifaniziro cha thanki ya Krupp Panzerkampfwagen I) yokhala ndi zida zowongolera. Makina a Krupp sanagwirizane ndi kasitomala. Kusankha kudapangidwa mokomera chassis yopangidwa ndi MAN ndi gulu la Daimler-Benz. Mu October 1935, chitsanzo choyamba anayesedwa osati zida, koma structural zitsulo. Waffenamt adalamula akasinja khumi a LaS 100. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa 1935 mpaka May 1936, MAN adamaliza dongosololi popereka magalimoto khumi omwe ankafunikira.
Chitsanzo cha thanki LaS 100 olimba "Krupp" - LKA 2 Pambuyo pake adalandira dzina lakuti Ausf.al. Tank "Panzerkampfwagen" II (Sd.Kfz.121) inali yokulirapo kuposa "Panzerkampfwagen" I, koma idakhalabe galimoto yopepuka, yopangidwira kwambiri zophunzitsira akasinja kuposa ntchito zankhondo. Amaonedwa ngati mtundu wapakatikati poyembekeza kulowa muutumiki wa akasinja a Panzerkampfwagen III ndi Panzerkampfwagen IV. Monga Panzerkampfwagen I, Panzerkampfwagen II inalibe kupambana kwakukulu, ngakhale inali thanki yaikulu ya Panzerwaffe mu 1940-1941. Zofooka kuchokera pamalingaliro a makina ankhondo, komabe, chinali sitepe yofunikira pakupanga akasinja amphamvu kwambiri. M'manja abwino, thanki yabwino yowunikira inali galimoto yodziwika bwino. Mofanana ndi akasinja ena, galimotoyo ya thanki ya Panzerkampfwagen II inakhala maziko osinthika ambiri, kuphatikizapo wowononga thanki ya Marder II, Howitzer yodziyendetsa yokha ya Vespe, Fiammpanzer II Flamingo (Pz. thanki ya amphibious ndi zida zodzipangira okha "Sturmpanzer" II "Njati".
Kufotokozera. Zida za thanki ya Panzerkampfwagen II zinkaonedwa kuti ndi zofooka kwambiri, sizinateteze ngakhale zidutswa ndi zipolopolo. Zida, mfuti ya 20-mm, idawonedwa kuti ndiyokwanira panthawi yomwe galimotoyo idayikidwa, koma idakhala yokalamba. Zipolopolo za mfutiyi zimatha kugunda zolinga zachilendo, zopanda zida. Pambuyo pa kugwa kwa France, nkhani yonyamula akasinja a Panzerkampfwagen II ndi mfuti za French 37 mm SA38 zidaphunziridwa, koma zinthu sizinapitirire kuyesedwa. Akasinja "Panzerkampfwagen" Ausf.A / I-Ausf.F anali ndi mfuti basi KwK30 L / 55, opangidwa pamaziko a FlaK30 odana ndi ndege mfuti. Kutentha kwa mfuti ya KwK30 L / 55 kunali 280 mozungulira mphindi imodzi. Mfuti ya Rheinmetall-Borzing MG-34 7,92 mm inali yophatikizidwa ndi cannon. Mfuti inayikidwa mu chigoba kumanzere, mfuti ya makina kumanja.
Mfutiyo inaperekedwa ndi zosankha zosiyanasiyana za TZF4 Optical sight. Pazosinthidwa koyambirira, padenga la turret panali chitseko cha mtsogoleri, chomwe chinasinthidwa ndi turret m'matembenuzidwe am'tsogolo. Turret yokhayo imayikidwa kumanzere kumanzere ndi kutalika kwa kutalika kwa chombocho. M'chipinda chomenyera nkhondo, zipolopolo 180 zinayikidwa muzithunzi za zidutswa 10 aliyense ndi makatiriji 2250 amfuti yamakina (matepi 17 m'mabokosi). Matanki ena anali ndi zida zophulitsira utsi. Ogwira ntchito pa thanki "Panzerkampfwagen" II anali ndi anthu atatu: mkulu / mfuti, loader / wailesi ndi dalaivala. Mkulu wa asilikali anali atakhala mu nsanja, wonyamula katundu anaima pansi pa chipinda chomenyera nkhondo. Kulankhulana pakati pa wolamulira ndi dalaivala kunkachitika pogwiritsa ntchito chubu cholankhula. Zida zamawayilesi zidaphatikiza cholandila cha FuG5 VHF ndi cholumikizira cha 10-watt. Kukhalapo kwa wailesi kunapatsa sitima yapamadzi ya ku Germany mwayi woposa adaniwo. Zoyamba "ziwiri" zinali ndi mbali yakutsogolo yozungulira ya hull, m'magalimoto apambuyo pake zida zam'mwamba ndi zapansi zidapanga ngodya ya madigiri 70. Mphamvu ya tanki ya tanki yoyamba inali malita 200, kuyambira kusinthidwa kwa Ausf.F, matanki okhala ndi mphamvu ya malita 170 anaikidwa. Akasinja opita ku North Africa anali ndi zosefera ndi mafani, chidule cha "Tr" (chotentha) chinawonjezedwa pamatchulidwe awo. Panthawi yogwira ntchito, "awiri" ambiri adamalizidwa, ndipo makamaka, chitetezo chowonjezera cha zida chinayikidwa pa iwo.
Kusintha kwaposachedwa kwa thanki ya Panzerkamprwagen II kunali Lux - Panzerkampfwagen II Auf.L (VK 1303, Sd.Kfz.123). Tanki yowunikira kuwalayi idapangidwa ndi mafakitale a MAN ndi Henschel (pang'ono pang'ono) kuyambira Seputembara 1943 mpaka Januware 1944. Anakonza kupanga magalimoto 800, koma 104 okha anamangidwa (deta amaperekedwanso pa 153 akasinja anamanga), nambala chassis 200101-200200. Kampani ya MAN inali ndi udindo wopanga chiboliboli, ziboliboli ndi ma turret superstructures anali kampani ya Daimler-Benz. "Lux" anali chitukuko cha thanki VK 901 (Ausf.G) ndi wosiyana ndi kuloŵedwa m'malo ake mu hull wamakono ndi galimoto. Thankiyo inali ndi injini ya 6-cylinder Maybach HL66P komanso ma transmission a ZF Aphon SSG48. Unyinji wa thanki anali matani 13. Cruising pa khwalala - 290 Km. Ogwira ntchito pa thankiyi ndi anthu anayi: mkulu, mfuti, woyendetsa wailesi ndi dalaivala. Zida zamawayilesi zidaphatikiza cholandila cha FuG12 MW ndi cholumikizira cha 80W. Kulankhulana pakati pa ogwira nawo ntchito kunkachitika pogwiritsa ntchito intercom ya tank.
Kuwala akasinja kuzindikira "Lux" ntchito onse kum'mawa ndi kumalire a Western monga mbali ya zida zankhondo reconnaissance mayunitsi a Wehrmacht ndi asilikali SS. Akasinja oti atumizidwe ku Eastern Front adalandira zida zowonjezera zakutsogolo. Magalimoto owerengeka anali ndi zida zowonjezera za wailesi. Anakonzedwa kuti akonzekeretse akasinja a Luks ndi mizinga ya 50 mm KWK39 L/60 (zida zankhondo za VK 1602 Leopard tank), koma zosinthika zokha ndi mizinga ya 20 mm KWK38 L/55 yokhala ndi moto wa 420-480. zozungulira pamphindi zidapangidwa. Mfutiyo inali ndi mawonekedwe a TZF6. Pali zambiri, zomwe, komabe, sizinalembedwe kuti akasinja 31 a Lux adalandira mfuti za 50-mm Kwk39 L / 60. Kumangidwa kwa magalimoto othamangitsira zida "Bergepanzer Luchs" kumayenera, koma palibe ma ARV omwe adamangidwa. Komanso, polojekiti ya mfuti yodziyendetsa yokha yolimbana ndi ndege yochokera pa galimoto yowonjezera ya thanki ya Luks sinakwaniritsidwe. VK 1305. ZSU imayenera kukhala ndi mfuti imodzi ya 20-mm kapena 37-mm Flak37 anti-ndege.
Kudyera masuku pamutu. "Awiri" anayamba kulowa asilikali m'chaka cha 1936 ndipo anakhalabe mu utumiki ndi mayunitsi German mzere woyamba mpaka kumapeto kwa 1942. Komabe, zimaganiziridwa kuti Anschluss wa Austria ndi Czechoslovakia adakhala milandu yoyamba yogwiritsira ntchito akasinja. Monga thanki yaikulu ya nkhondo, "awiri" adagwira nawo ntchito ya Polish ya September 1939. Pambuyo pa kukonzanso mu 1940-1941. Panzerwaffe, Panzerkampfwagen II akasinja adalowa muutumiki ndi mayunitsi ozindikira, ngakhale adapitilizabe kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati akasinja akulu ankhondo. Magalimoto ambiri adachotsedwa mu 1942, ngakhale akasinja a Panzerkampfwagen II adakumananso kutsogolo mu 1943. Mawonekedwe a "awiri" pabwalo la nkhondo adadziwika mu 1944, panthawi yofika ku Normandy, ndipo ngakhale mu 1945 (mu 1945, 145 "awiri" anali mu utumiki).
1223 Panzerkampfwagen II akasinja adagwira nawo nkhondo ndi Poland, panthawiyo "awiri" anali aakulu kwambiri pa panzerwaf. Ku Poland, asitikali aku Germany adataya akasinja 83 a Panzerkampfwagen II. 32 a iwo - mu nkhondo m'misewu ya Warsaw. Magalimoto 18 okha ndi omwe adagwira nawo ntchito ku Norway. 920 "awiri" anali okonzeka kutenga nawo mbali mu blitzkrieg kumadzulo. Pakuukira kwa asitikali aku Germany ku Balkan, akasinja 260 adakhudzidwa. Kuchita nawo Opaleshoni Barbarossa anapatsidwa akasinja 782, ambiri amene anavutika ndi akasinja Soviet ndi zida. Akasinja a Panzerkampfwagen II adagwiritsidwa ntchito kumpoto kwa Africa mpaka kudzipereka kwa mbali za Africa Corps mu 1943. Zochita za "awiri" kumpoto kwa Africa zidakhala zopambana kwambiri chifukwa cha kusinthika kwa zida komanso kufooka kwa zida zotsutsana ndi tanki za adani. Ndi akasinja 381 okha adatenga nawo gawo m'chilimwe cha asitikali aku Germany ku Eastern Front.
Mu Operation Citadel, ngakhale zochepa. 107 matanki. Pofika pa October 1, 1944, asilikali a Germany anali ndi akasinja 386 a Panzerkampfwagen II. Akasinja "Panzerkampfwagen" II anali mu utumiki ndi asilikali a mayiko ogwirizana ndi Germany: Slovakia, Bulgaria, Romania ndi Hungary. Pakadali pano, akasinja a Panzerkampfwagen II Lux amatha kuwoneka ku British Tank Museum ku Bovington, ku Munster Museum ku Germany, ku Belgrade Museum komanso ku Aberdeen Proving Ground Museum ku USA, ku French Tank Museum ku Samyur, thanki imodzi ili. ku Russia ku Kubinka. Tactical ndi luso luso thanki "Lux"
Zotsatira:
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Kukula kwa thanki kunayambika ndi MAN mu 1939 kuti alowe m'malo mwa thanki ya T-II. Mu September 1943, thanki latsopano anaikidwa kupanga siriyo. Mwachidziwitso, chinali kupitiriza kukula kwa akasinja a T-II. Mosiyana ndi zitsanzo zam'mbuyomu pamakina awa, makonzedwe osasunthika a mawilo apamsewu adatengedwa m'galimoto yapansi panthaka, ma roller othandizira adachotsedwa ndipo zotchingira zapamwamba zidagwiritsidwa ntchito. thanki inachitika molingana ndi masanjidwe mwachizolowezi kwa akasinja German: chipinda mphamvu anali kumbuyo, kumenyana chipinda pakati, ndi ulamuliro chipinda, kufala ndi mawilo galimoto anali patsogolo.
