Kusiyana pakati pa injini zolakalaka mwachilengedwe ndi ma turbocharged

Momwe galimoto imagwirira ntchito> Kusiyana pakati pa injini zolakalaka mwachilengedwe ndi ma turbocharged

Uwu ndi mutu womwe wakhala wofunikira kwambiri kuyambira pomwe adayambitsa makina ang'onoang'ono. Chifukwa chake uwu unali mwayi woti tilembe nkhani kuyesa kumveketsa bwino nkhaniyi, ndiye tiyeni tiwone zinthu zonse zomwe zimasiyanitsa ma injini omwe amangofuna mwachilengedwe kuchokera ku ma turbocharged.

Werenganinso: Ntchito ya Turbocharger.

Mfundo yayikulu

Popeza si nonse amene muli akatswiri pamakina, tiyeni tiwone mwachangu zomwe mwachibadwa zimafuna komanso zochulukira.

Choyamba, tiyeni timveketse kuti mawuwa amatanthauza, choyamba, kutengeka kwa mpweya, kotero sitisamala za ena onse. Injini yofunidwa mwachilengedwe imatha kuganiziridwa ngati injini "yokhazikika", kutanthauza kuti imapumira kunja kwa mpweya chifukwa cha mayendedwe obwerezabwereza a ma pistoni, omwe amakhala ngati mapampu oyamwa apa.

Injini yochulukirachulukira imagwiritsa ntchito makina owonjezera omwe amawongolera mpweya wochulukirapo kulowa mu injini. Choncho, kuwonjezera pa kuyamwa mpweya ndi kayendedwe ka pistoni, timawonjezera mothandizidwa ndi compressor. Pali mitundu iwiri:

• Yoyendetsedwa ndi mphamvu ya injini = kompresa - supercharger
• Kutulutsa mpweya kumayendetsedwa = turbocharger.

Turbo injini = mphamvu zambiri

Chowonadi choyamba: injini ya turbocharged imakhala yamphamvu kwambiri. Zoonadi, mphamvuyi imachokera ku kuyaka kwa ma cylinders, ndikofunikira kwambiri, m'pamenenso silinda "imayenda" ndipo motero, galimotoyo imakhala yamphamvu kwambiri. Ndi turbo, mutha kufinya mpweya wambiri mu masilindala kuposa opanda. Ndipo chifukwa timatha kutumiza zowonjezera zowonjezera (mpweya komanso makamaka kachigawo kakang'ono ka oxygen komwe kaliko), tikhoza kutumiza mafuta ambiri. Chifukwa chake, timakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zowotcha pozungulira, motero timakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri. Mawu akuti "kuwonjezera" ndi ofunika kwambiri, timatseka injini ndi mpweya ndi mafuta, "timayika" momwe tingathere muzitsulo.

458 Italia ili ndi 4.5 yolakalaka mwachilengedwe yokhala ndi 570 hp.

488 GTB (m'malo) imayendetsedwa ndi injini ya 4.0 yomwe imapanga 100 hp. zambiri (kotero, ndi 670). Chifukwa chake, tili ndi injini yaying'ono komanso mphamvu zambiri (ma turbines awiri, imodzi pa banki ya silinda). Ndi vuto lalikulu lililonse, opanga amatibweretsera ma turbines awo. Izi zachitikadi m'mbuyomu, ndipo ndizotheka kuti adzasiyidwanso mtsogolomo (pokhapokha ngati magetsi alowa m'malo otentha), ngakhale pali mwayi wochepa muzochitika za "nyengo". Ndale ".

Injini ya turbo yocheperako

Injini yofunidwa mwachilengedwe imakoka mpweya wochulukirapo ikanyamula ma revs, motero mphamvu yake imawonjezeka pamayendedwe, chifukwa ndipamene imadya mpweya ndi mafuta ambiri. Injini ya turbo imatha kukhala ndi mpweya wambiri komanso mafuta pamayendedwe otsika chifukwa turbo imadzaza ma silinda ndi mpweya "wopanga" (mpweya womwe umawonjezedwa mlengalenga womwe umakokedwa mwachilengedwe ndi kayendedwe ka masilinda). Kuchuluka kwa okosijeni, mafuta ochulukirapo amatumizidwa pa liwiro lotsika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu zambiri (uwu ndi mtundu wa alloying).

Komabe, dziwani kuti ma compressor oyendetsedwa ndi injini (charger yoyendetsedwa ndi crankshaft) amalola injini kukakamizidwa ndi mpweya ngakhale pamunsi pa rpm. Turbocharger imayendetsedwa ndi mpweya wotuluka mu tailpipe, kotero sichitha kuchita bwino pa rpms yotsika kwambiri (kumene kutuluka kwa mpweya sikofunikira kwambiri).

Komanso dziwani kuti turbocharger sangathe kugwira ntchito mofanana pa liwiro lonse, "oyendetsa" a turbines sangathe kugwira ntchito mofanana malinga ndi mphamvu ya mphepo (motero kuthamanga ndi kutuluka kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya). Zotsatira zake, turbo imagwira ntchito bwino pakanthawi kochepa, chifukwa chake mphamvu ya butt kick. Kenako tili ndi mayankho awiri: turbocharger yosinthika ya geometry yomwe imasintha kutsetsereka kwa zipsepse, kapena kuwonjezera pawiri kapena katatu. Tikakhala ndi ma turbine angapo, wina amasamalira liwiro lotsika (kuyenda pang'ono, chifukwa chake ma turbos ang'onoang'ono omwe amasinthidwa ndi "mphepo"), ndipo winayo amasamalira kuthamanga kwambiri (zambiri, ndizomveka kuti kuyenda ndikofunikira kwambiri pa izi. mfundo. pamenepo). Ndi chipangizochi, timapeza mathamangitsidwe amtundu wa injini yofunidwa mwachilengedwe, koma ndikugwira kwambiri komanso ma torque (pakusuntha kofanana, inde).

Kugwiritsa ntchito? Zimatengera …

Izi zikutifikitsa pa mfundo yofunika kwambiri ndi mikangano. Kodi injini ya turbocharged imadya zochepa? Ngati muyang'ana manambala a opanga, mukhoza kunena kuti inde. Komabe, kwenikweni, nthawi zambiri zonse ndi zabwino kwambiri, ndipo ma nuances ayenera kukambirana.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa opanga kumadalira kuzungulira kwa NEDC, kutanthauza momwe magalimoto amagwiritsidwira ntchito: kuthamanga pang'onopang'ono komanso kuthamanga kwapakati kochepa.

Pamenepa, ma injini a turbocharged ali pamwamba chifukwa sagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ...

M'malo mwake, mwayi waukulu wa injini yotsika ya turbo ndi kukula kwake kochepa. Galimoto yaying'ono, momveka bwino, imadya zochepa kuposa zazikulu.

Tsoka ilo, injini yaying'ono imakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa chifukwa sichikhoza kutenga mpweya wambiri ndipo motero imawotcha mafuta ambiri (popeza zipinda zoyaka moto zimakhala zochepa). Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito turbocharger imapangitsa kuti zitheke kuonjezera kusamuka kwake ndikubwezeretsanso mphamvu zomwe zinatayika panthawi ya shrinkage: tikhoza kuwonetsa mpweya wochuluka kwambiri kuposa kukula kwa chipindacho, chifukwa turbocharger imatumiza mpweya wopanikizika, womwe umalowa mumlengalenga. malo ochepa (amakhazikikanso ndi chotenthetsera kutentha kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwake). Mwachidule, titha kugulitsa ma 1.0 ndi kupitilira 100bhp, pomwe popanda turbo amatha kukhala pafupifupi makumi asanu ndi limodzi, kotero sangagulitsidwe pamagalimoto ambiri.

Monga gawo la NEDC homologation, timagwiritsa ntchito magalimoto othamanga kwambiri (kuthamanga kwapang'onopang'ono pa revs), kotero timathera ndi injini yaing'ono yomwe imayenda mwakachetechete, momwemo siidya kwambiri. Ngati ndikuyendetsa 1.5-lita ndi 3.0-lita mbali ndi mbali pamunsi ndi ma revs ofanana, ndiye kuti 3.0 idzadya zambiri.

Chifukwa chake, ma revs otsika, injini ya turbocharged imagwira ntchito mwachilengedwe chifukwa sidzagwiritsa ntchito turbocharging (mipweya yotulutsa mpweya ndi yofooka kwambiri kuti itsitsimutse).

Ndipo ndipamene ma injini a turbo amanyenga dziko lawo, amadya pang'ono pa liwiro lotsika poyerekeza ndi mlengalenga, popeza pafupifupi amakhala ochepa (zochepa = zochepa zogwiritsira ntchito, ndikubwereza, ndikudziwa).

Komabe, pakugwiritsa ntchito kwenikweni, nthawi zina zinthu zimapita kutali kwambiri! Zowonadi, pokwera nsanja (kotero tikamagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mosiyana ndi kuzungulira kwa NEDC), turbo imakankhira mkati ndikuyamba kutsanulira mpweya waukulu kwambiri mu injini. Tsoka ilo, mpweya wochuluka, umafunikanso kulipidwa kwambiri potumiza mafuta, omwe amaphulika kwenikweni.

Chifukwa chake tingobwerezanso: Opanga achepetsa kukula kwa ma motors kuti azitha kuyendetsa bwino kuzungulira kwa NEDC motero amatsitsa magwiritsidwe ntchito. Komabe, kuti apereke mphamvu yofanana ndi "injini zazikulu zakale", adawonjezera turbocharger (kapena supercharger). Panthawi yozungulira, turbocharger imayenda pang'onopang'ono ndipo imabweretsa mphamvu yowonjezera pang'ono chifukwa cha kukula kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya (mpweya wotulutsa mpweya umatenga malo ochulukirapo kuposa osakaniza omwe amalowa mu injini, kukulitsa uku kumayendetsedwa ndi turbine), yomwe imatsogolera. kuti mugwiritse ntchito pang'ono, chifukwa injini ndi yaying'ono, ndikukumbutsani (ngati tifanizira ma voliyumu awiri ofanana ndi opanda turbocharging, ndiye kuti ndi turbocharging idzadya momveka bwino). Ndipotu, anthu amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse za galimoto yawo ndipo motero amapangitsa kuti turbo igwire ntchito molimbika. Injini imapopedwa ndi mpweya, motero iyeneranso "kudzazidwa" ndi mafuta: kugwiritsa ntchito kumakwera kwambiri, ngakhale ndi injini zazing'ono ...

Kwa ine, nthawi zina ndimawona ndi mantha kuti ambiri a inu simukukondwera ndi kumwa kwenikweni kwa injini zazing'ono zamafuta (odziwika bwino 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, etc.). Anthu ambiri akabwera kuchokera ku dizilo, kugwedezeka kumakhala kofunika kwambiri. Ena amagulitsa ngakhale galimoto yawo nthawi yomweyo ... Choncho samalani pogula injini yaing'ono ya petulo, sikuti nthawi zonse imagwira ntchito zodabwitsa.

Kusamveka bwino?

Ndi injini ya turbo, dongosolo lotulutsa mpweya ndilovuta kwambiri ... Ndipotu, kuwonjezera pa zokopa ndi fyuluta ya particulate, tsopano tili ndi turbine yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi kutuluka kwa mpweya wotuluka. Zonsezi zikutanthauza kuti tikuwonjezerabe chinthu chomwe chimatchinga mzere, kotero timamva phokoso lochepa. Kuonjezera apo, rpm ndi yotsika, kotero injini ikhoza kufuula mokweza kwambiri.

F1 ndiye chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri chomwe chilipo, ndi chisangalalo cha owonera chomwe chachepetsedwa kwambiri (kumveka kwa injini kunali chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu, ndipo kwa ine, ndimaphonya ma V8 olakalaka kwambiri!).

Apa titha kuwona bwino lomwe kuti turbo ndiyotsekeka pang'ono pamlingo wotulutsa ... (zochulukitsa kumanja ndi turbo kumanzere)

FERRARI / V8 ATMO VS V8 TURBO! Sankhani imodzi!

Spotter (GE Supercars) adakugwirirani ntchito kuti mufananize. Dziwani, komabe, kuti kusiyana kumawonekera kwambiri pamagalimoto ena (makamaka F1), chifukwa Ferrari adatsimikiza kuti turbo idzalanga kuvomereza pang'ono momwe kungathekere, kukakamiza akatswiri kuti agwire ntchito yayikulu. Mosasamala kanthu, tili ndi 9000 rpm pa 458 ndi 8200 rpm pa 488 GTB (komanso podziwa kuti pa liwiro lomwelo 488 imapanga phokoso lochepa).

Turbocharged underspeed?

Inde, ndi ma turbines awiri omwe amasonkhanitsa mitsinje yotulutsa mpweya ndikutumiza mpweya woponderezedwa ku injini, pali malire apa: sitingathe kuwapangitsa kuti onse azizungulira mofulumira kwambiri, ndiyeno timakhala ndi kukoka pa mlingo wotulutsa mpweya, womwe sitichita. kukhala ndi injini yolakalaka mwachilengedwe (turbo imasokoneza). Zindikirani, komabe, kuti turbine yomwe imatumiza mpweya woponderezedwa ku injini imayendetsedwa pakompyuta kudzera mu valve yodutsa ya bypass valve, kotero tikhoza kuletsa kutuluka kwa mpweya woponderezedwa ku injini (ichi ndi gawo la zomwe zimachitika). imapita munjira yotsekereza, valavu yodutsa imamasula kukakamiza konse kumlengalenga osati ku injini.

Chifukwa chake, zonsezi zili pafupi ndi zomwe tawona m'ndime yapitayi.

Inertia yayikulu?

Pazifukwa zomwezo, timapeza ma motors okhala ndi inertia yambiri. Zimachepetsanso chisangalalo ndi chidwi chamasewera. Ma turbines amakhudza kuyenda kwa mpweya wobwera (kulowetsa) ndi kutuluka (kutulutsa mpweya) ndipo, chifukwa chake, kumayambitsa inertia ina pokhudzana ndi kuthamanga kwachangu ndi kutsika kwake. Komabe, samalani kuti mapangidwe a injini amakhalanso ndi chikoka chachikulu pa khalidweli (injini mu V-malo, lathyathyathya, pamzere, etc.).

Zotsatira zake, mukamayimitsa mpweya, injini imathamanga (ndikunena za liwiro) ndikutsika pang'onopang'ono ... Ngakhale mafuta amayamba kukhala ngati injini za dizilo, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi turbocharged kwa nthawi yaitali ( mwachitsanzo, M4 kapena Giulia Quadrifoglio, ndipo awa ndi ochepa chabe.

Ngati izi sizili zovuta kwambiri m'galimoto ya aliyense, ndiye mu supercar - 200 euros - zambiri! Akale omwe ali mumlengalenga ayenera kutchuka m'zaka zikubwerazi.

Phokoso lotulutsa mpweya Alfa Romeo Giulia Quadrifoglio Verde QV Carabinieri | Police Supercar

Rendezvous pa sekondi ya 20 kuti mumve inertia ya mota ili yofewa kwambiri, sichoncho?

Kuyankha mochedwa

Chotsatira china ndi chakuti kuyankha kwa injini sikukhala kochititsa chidwi. Ferrari nawonso amapita kutali kusonyeza kwa makasitomala angathe kuti zonse zachitika kuchepetsa injini kulabadira, ngakhale 488 GTB kukhala turbocharged.

Wolemekezeka?

Osati kwenikweni ... Kodi supercharger ingapangitse bwanji injini kukhala yocheperako? Ngati anthu ambiri amaganiza mosiyana, ine, kumbali yanga, ndikuganiza kuti sizomveka, koma mwina ndikulakwitsa. Kumbali ina, zingamupangitse kukhala wosakongola, yomwe ili nkhani ina.

Kudalirika: turbo pa theka la mast

Uwu ndi malingaliro opusa komanso onyansa. Magawo ambiri mu injini, ndiye kuti chiwopsezo cha kusweka chimakulirakulira ... (mazana masauzande akusintha pamphindi!) ...

Komanso, akhoza kupha injini dizilo chifukwa mathamangitsidwe: umayenda pa mlingo wa kunyamula mafuta, mafuta anayamwa mu injini ndi kuwotcha chakumapeto. Ndipo popeza kuti injini za dizilo sizimayatsidwa molamulidwa, injiniyo sayenera kuzimitsidwa! Zomwe muyenera kuchita ndikuwona galimoto yake ikufa kwambiri komanso utsi wotuluka).

Ndemanga zonse ndi mayankho

chatha ndemanga yolemba:

Phil HAKE (Tsiku: 2021, 05:22:08)

Mumalemba kuti mwaphonya injini za V8 mu Fomula 1, koma madalaivala omwe adakumana ndi nthawi yoyamba ya turbocharging, ndiye V8, V10, V12 3500cc. Cm, kenako 3 cc. Onani, akuti ndi injini za 3000cc V2 zokha zomwe zidasowa. Onani Laughingly powerful, ndilo lingaliro langa.

Ine. 1 Zotsatira (izi) ku ndemanga iyi:

• Admin WOTSATIRA MALO (2021-05-24 15:16:25): Chenjerani ndi zobisika, ndikukayika kuti analibe mphamvu ... Choyamba, samagundanso matako a V10, koma chifukwa chakuti ali mumlengalenga amalangidwa ndi kulephera. pa low rpm...

  Wokwera aliyense angakonde kumva kukomoka pang'ono pansi pa turbo yodzaza ndi ma revs onse. Injini ya turbocharged ndiyosakwiyitsa kwambiri potengera mawu (CF Vettel) ndipo pamilingo yamagetsi iyi imakhala yovuta ku mita (komanso yocheperako).

  Mwachidule, turbo ndi yabwino m'moyo wamba, mumsewu waukulu ...

(Positi yanu idzawonekera pansi pa ndemanga pambuyo pakutsimikizira)

Lembani ndemanga

Kodi mumakonda ma turbo?