Mvetsetsani gulu la njinga zamapiri ku Openstreetmap
Zamkatimu
Mapu a OSM Open Steet Map, omwe amakhala ndi mamembala opitilira 5000 patsiku, amalola kusinthidwa kwa mamapu a OSM opangidwira kukwera njinga zamapiri komanso mayendedwe abwino okwera njinga zamapiri.
Choperekachi chimatsatira mfundo yofanana ndi kugawana njira ("gpx" kugawanika): kufalitsa ndi kugawana njira, kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa magalimoto ndi kupitiriza kukhalapo kwawo; zimakwaniritsa kuwulutsa kwa "gpx" yanu pa UtagawaVTT.
Mamapu a OSM amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi malo ambiri okwera njinga zamapiri kapena malo okwera mapiri, ngati mapu kapena mayendedwe apanjira, monga OpenTraveller yomwe imapereka mamapu osiyanasiyana akumbuyo kuchokera ku OSM, ambiri opanga GPS amapereka mapu a OSM a GPS yawo (Garmin, TwoNav, Wahoo, etc… .), Chitsanzo china cha MOBAC chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi wopanga mamapu amapiritsi, GPS… (MAPS NDI GPS - MUNGASANKHA BWANJI?)
Aliyense wa ife atha kuthandizira pakukula kwa gululi powonjezera kapena kusintha njira zomwe timayenda pafupipafupi kuti tizijambula pamwala.
Zida ziwiri zopezeka kwa aliyense zolemeretsa nkhokwe iyi, mkonzi wa OSM ndi JOSM. Kuphatikiza pa sitepe yoyambira ndi zida ziwirizi, woyambitsayo ayenera kudziwa bwino malingaliro amtundu wa mayendedwe.Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso pa intaneti, woyambitsayo sangathe kudziwa mwachangu momwe angadziwire njira yanjinga yamapiri kuti ikhale yolondola. kuwonetsedwa pamapu.
Cholinga cha mizere yotsatirayi ndikuwonetsa njira zowonetsera kuti ndizokwanira kungolowetsa magawo awiri kuti OSM iwonetsere misewu yoyenera kukwera njinga zamapiri, magawo ena amalemeretsa ntchitoyo koma sizofunikira. .
Intaneti imayikanso wophunzira patsogolo pamagulu osiyanasiyana, ofanana kapena ochepa koma osiyana. Magulu awiri akulu ndi "IMBA" ndi "STS", omwe amakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Open Street Map imalola njira iliyonse kupatsidwa gulu la STS ndi / kapena gulu la IMBA.
Malo abwino oyambira ndikuyamba kuthandizira ndi mkonzi wa OSM ndikudikirira mpaka mutadziwa bwino OSM kuti mugwiritse ntchito JOSM, yomwe ndi yovuta kwambiri koma imapereka zina zambiri.
SAKE SINGLE (STS)
Dzina lakuti "njira imodzi" limasonyeza kuti njira yanjinga yamapiri ndi njira yomwe anthu ambiri sangayendemo. Chithunzi chodziwika bwino cha njanji imodzi ndi njira yopapatiza yamapiri yomwe imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi ngolo ndi oyenda. Njira yabwino yopitira patsogolo pa "njanji imodzi" ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito njinga yamapiri yomwe ili ndi foloko imodzi yoyimitsidwa, komanso kuyimitsidwa kwathunthu.
Dongosolo la mayendedwe ndi la okwera mapiri, sikelo ya UIAA ndi ya okwera, ndipo sikelo ya SAC Alpine ndi ya okwera.
Miyeso yowerengera idapangidwa kuti ipereke chidziwitso chazovuta za kupita patsogolo, ndiko kuti, mulingo wodziwira "cyclicality".
Gululi ndi lothandiza posankha njira, kulosera momwe zinthu zidzayendere, powunika luso loyendetsa.
Chifukwa chake, gulu ili limalola:
- Payekha kuti apindule kwambiri ndi dera losinthidwa ndi luso lawo. *
- Kwa kalabu, mayanjano, opereka chithandizo pakupanga njira kapena chiwembu chopangidwira mulingo womwe ukufunidwa, monga gawo la kukwera, mpikisano, ntchito ya gulu, Magulu a njinga zamapiri ndi chizindikiro chofunikira chomwe chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa, koma chimadziwika ndi mabungwe ovomerezeka.
Makhalidwe a zovuta
Magulu a magulu, omwe amagawidwa m'magulu asanu ndi limodzi (kuchokera ku S0 mpaka S5), akuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa zovuta, zimachokera ku vuto laumisiri limene munthu ayenera kukumana nalo poyendetsa galimoto pamsewu.
Kuti akwaniritse gulu lonse komanso lokhazikika, mikhalidwe yabwino imaganiziridwa nthawi zonse, mwachitsanzo, kuyendetsa pamsewu wowonekera bwino komanso nthaka youma.
Mlingo wovuta womwe umachitika chifukwa cha nyengo, liwiro komanso kuyatsa sikungaganizidwe chifukwa cha kusiyana kwakukulu komwe kumayambitsa.
S0 - yosavuta kwambiri
Uwu ndiye mtundu wosavuta kwambiri wa njanji, womwe umadziwika ndi:
- Otsetsereka pang'ono mpaka pang'ono,
- Pansi poterera komanso mozungulira mofatsa,
- Palibe zofunikira zapadera paukadaulo woyendetsa.
S1 ndi yosavuta
- Uwu ndiye mtundu wa njanji yomwe mungafunike kuyembekezera.
- Pakhoza kukhala zotchinga zazing'ono monga mizu kapena miyala,
- Pansi ndi kutembenuka kumakhala kosakhazikika, ndipo nthawi zina kumakhala kocheperako,
- Palibe zokhota zolimba
- Kutsetsereka kwakukulu kumakhalabe pansi pa 40%.
S2 - pakati
Kuvuta kwa njira kumawonjezeka.
- Miyala ikuluikulu ndi mizu zimayembekezeredwa,
- Kaŵirikaŵiri pamakhala dothi lolimba pansi pa mawilo, tokhala ndi mabere.
- Kutembenuka kolimba
- Kutsika kwakukulu kumatha kufika 70%.
S3 - zovuta
Timatchula gululi ngati njira zosinthira zovuta.
- Miyala ikuluikulu kapena mizu yayitali
- Kutembenuka kolimba
- Malo otsetsereka
- Nthawi zambiri muyenera kudikirira clutch
- Kukhazikika kwanthawi zonse mpaka 70%.
S4 - zovuta kwambiri
M'gululi, njanjiyi ndi yovuta komanso yovuta.
- Maulendo aatali komanso ovuta okhala ndi mizu
- Mipata yokhala ndi miyala ikuluikulu
- Ndime zochulukirachulukira
- Kutembenuka mokuthwa ndi kukwera kotsetsereka kumafuna luso lapadera lokwera.
S5 - zovuta kwambiri
Uwu ndiye mulingo wovuta kwambiri, womwe umadziwika ndi malo ovuta kwambiri.
- Dothi losamatirira bwino, lotsekedwa ndi miyala kapena zinyalala,
- Kutembenuka kolimba komanso kolimba
- Zopinga zazitali ngati mitengo yakugwa
- Malo otsetsereka
- Mtunda waung'ono wamabuleki,
- Njira yokwera njinga yamapiri imayesedwa.
Kuyimira zovuta misinkhu
Popeza pali mgwirizano wokhudzana ndi mawonekedwe a cyclic a njira ya VTT kapena njira, mwatsoka, zitha kudziwidwa kuti zithunzi kapena mawonekedwe a magawowa amatanthauziridwa mosiyana malinga ndi wosindikiza makhadi.
Tsegulani mapu amisewu
Malo osungiramo zojambula za Open Street Map amakupatsani mwayi wowonetsa mayendedwe ndi mayendedwe oyenera kukwera njinga zamapiri. Khalidweli limapangidwa ndi lingaliro la fungulo (tag/mawonekedwe), limagwiritsidwa ntchito powonetsa njira ndi mayendedwe pamapu ochokera ku OSM, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zida zodzipangira okha kupanga ndikusankha njira yopezera "gpx" fayilo ya nyimbo (OpenTraveller).
OSM imapatsa wojambula zithunzi mwayi woti alowetse makiyi angapo omwe angasonyeze mayendedwe ndi mayendedwe oyenera kukwera njinga zamapiri.
Mndandanda "wautali" wa makiyiwa ukhoza kuopseza wojambula zithunzi.
Tebulo ili m'munsiyi likuwonetsa makiyi akulu kuti muwunikire makiyi awiri zofunika ndi zokwanira gulu lofunika phiri njinga... Makiyi awiriwa amatha kuwonjezeredwa ndi kukwera kapena kutsika.
Makiyi ena owonjezera amakupatsani mwayi wopatsa dzina, kupereka cholemba, ndi zina zambiri. Kachiwiri, mukakhala "odziwa bwino" mu OSM ndi JOSM, mwina mukufuna kukulitsa "osakwatiwa" omwe mumakonda powatchula kapena kuvotera.
Lumikizani ku OSM VTT France
| Mphindi | tanthauzo | chachikulu | |
|---|---|---|---|
| msewu = | Njira Track | X | Njira kapena njira |
| ft = | - | Zofikira anthu oyenda pansi | |
| njinga = | - | Ngati zilipo panjinga | |
| wide = | - | Tsatirani m'lifupi | |
| pamwamba = | - | Mtundu wa dothi | |
| kusalala = | - | Mkhalidwe wapamtunda | |
| trail_visibility = | - | Njira yowonekera | |
| mtb: sikelo = | 0 6 mpaka | X | Njira yachilengedwe kapena njira |
| mtb: sikelo: imba = | 0 4 mpaka | X | Bike park track |
| mtb: sikelo: kukwera = | 0 5 mpaka | ? | Kuvuta kwa kukwera ndi kutsika kuyenera kuwonetsedwa. |
| mtunda = | <x%, <x% ou вверх, вниз | ? | Kuvuta kwa kukwera ndi kutsika kuyenera kuwonetsedwa. |
mtb: makwerero
Ili ndiye fungulo lomwe limatanthawuza gulu lomwe lidzagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwonetsa zovuta zanjira "zachilengedwe" zoyenera kukwera njinga zamapiri.
Popeza kuti zovuta za kutsika ndizosiyana ndi zovuta kukwera njinga zamapiri, kiyi iyenera kuchitidwa kuti "kukwera" kapena "kutsika".
Mawonekedwe a malo enieni kapena ovuta kwambiri kuwoloka malire
Kuwunikira malo panjira yomwe ikuwonetsa zovuta zina, zitha "kuwunikira" poyika mfundo pomwe pali vuto. Kuyika mfundo pa sikelo yosiyana ndi njira yomwe ili kunja kwa njirayi kumasonyeza malo ovuta kwambiri kuti mulambalale.
| tanthauzo | mafotokozedwe | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| OSM | IMBA | ||
| 0 | - | Mwala kapena dothi loumbika popanda zovuta. Iyi ndi nkhalango kapena njira ya m'dziko, yopanda mabampu, yopanda miyala kapena mizu. Matembenuzidwewo ndi otakata ndipo otsetsereka ndi opepuka mpaka pang’ono. Palibe luso lapadera loyendetsa ndege lomwe likufunika. | S0 |
| 1 | - | Zotchinga zing'onozing'ono monga mizu ndi miyala yaing'ono ndi kukokoloka kungapangitse zovutazo. Dziko lapansi likhoza kumasuka m'malo. Pakhoza kukhala matembenuzidwe olimba popanda chopini chatsitsi. Kuyendetsa kumafuna chidwi, palibe luso lapadera. Zopinga zonse zimadutsa panjinga yamapiri. Pamwamba: zotheka kumasuka, mizu ing'onoing'ono ndi miyala, Zopinga: zopinga zazing'ono, mabampu, mizati, ngalande, mitsinje chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa nthaka, malo otsetsereka: | S1 |
| 2 | - | Zopinga monga miyala ikuluikulu kapena miyala, kapena nthawi zambiri malo otayirira. Pali zozungulira zazitali za hairpin. Pamwamba: nthawi zambiri imakhala yotayirira, mizu yayikulu ndi miyala, Zopinga: zosokoneza zosavuta ndi mafunde, otsetsereka: | S2 |
| 3 | - | Ndime zambiri zokhala ndi zopinga zazikulu monga miyala ndi mizu yayikulu. Ma studs ambiri ndi ma curve ofatsa. Mutha kuyenda pamalo oterera komanso pamiyala. Pansi pakhoza kukhala poterera kwambiri. Kukhazikika kosalekeza komanso kuyendetsa bwino kwambiri ndikofunikira. Pamwamba: Mizu yambiri ikuluikulu, kapena miyala, kapena nthaka yoterera, kapena talus wamwazikana. Zopinga: Zofunika. Kutsetsereka:> 70% Zigongono: Zopapatiza zatsitsi. | S3 |
| 4 | - | Zotsetsereka kwambiri komanso zovuta, ndimezi zimakhala ndi miyala ikuluikulu ndi mizu. Nthawi zambiri zimabalalika zinyalala kapena zinyalala. Maulendo otsetsereka kwambiri okhala ndi mipiringidzo yakuthwa kwambiri komanso kukwera kotsetsereka komwe kungapangitse chogwiriracho kukhudza pansi. Kuyendetsa galimoto kumafunika, mwachitsanzo, kuyendetsa gudumu lakumbuyo kudzera pazitsulo. Pamwamba: Mizu ikuluikulu yambiri, miyala kapena dothi loterera, zinyalala zamwazikana. Zopinga: Zovuta kuzigonjetsa. Kutsetsereka:> 70% Zigono: Zolemba. | S4 |
| 5 | - | Chotsetsereka kwambiri komanso chovuta, chokhala ndi minda yayikulu ya miyala kapena zinyalala ndi kugumuka kwa nthaka. Njinga yamapiri iyenera kuvalidwa pokwera mtsogolo. Zosintha zazifupi zokha zimalola kuthamanga ndi kutsika. Mitengo yakugwa imatha kupanga kusintha kotsetsereka kukhala kovuta kwambiri. Ochepa chabe okwera njinga zamapiri amatha kukwera pamlingo uwu. Pamwamba: miyala kapena dothi loterera, zinyalala / njira yosagwirizana yomwe imawoneka ngati mayendedwe okwera mapiri (> T4). Zopinga: Kuphatikiza kwa masinthidwe ovuta. Otsetsereka:> 70%. Zigongono: Zowopsa pazidendene zopindika ndi zopinga. | S5 |
| 6 | - | Mtengo woperekedwa kumayendedwe omwe nthawi zambiri siwogwirizana ndi ATV. Ndi akatswiri oyesera okha omwe angayesetse kuyang'ana malo awa. Kupendekeka nthawi zambiri kumakhala> 45 °. Iyi ndi njira yopita kumapiri (T5 kapena T6). Ndi thanthwe lopanda zipsera zooneka pansi. Zolakwika, zotsetsereka, mipanda yopitilira 2 m kapena miyala. | - |
mtb: sikelo: kukwera
Ichi ndi chinsinsi chodzaza ngati wojambula zithunzi akufuna kufotokoza zovuta za kukwera kapena kutsika.
Pachifukwa ichi, muyenera kutsimikizira njira ya njirayo ndikugwiritsa ntchito kiyi yotsetsereka kuti pulogalamu yoyendetsera njirayo ikhale ndi vuto lakuyenda njira yoyenera.
| tanthauzo | mafotokozedwe | denga | Zopinga | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moyenne | zapamwamba | |||
| 0 | Mwala kapena nthaka yowuma, zomatira zabwino, zopezeka kwa aliyense. Mutha kukwera ndikutsika ndi 4x4 SUV kapena ATV. | <80% | <80% | |
| 1 | Mwala kapena nthaka yolimba, kukopa kwabwino, kusatsetsereka, ngakhale kuvina kapena kuthamanga. Njira yotsetsereka ya nkhalango, njira yosavuta yoyendamo. | <80% | Zopinga zapaokha zomwe zingathe kupeŵedwa | |
| 2 | Malo okhazikika, osayalidwa, otsukidwa pang'ono, amafunikira kupondaponda nthawi zonse komanso moyenera. Ndi luso labwino komanso thupi labwino, izi zimatheka. | <80% | <80% | Miyala, mizu, kapena miyala yotuluka |
| 3 | Zosintha zapamtunda, zosokoneza pang'ono, kapena zotsetsereka, miyala, nthaka kapena mafuta. Kuyenda bwino kwambiri komanso kuyenda pafupipafupi kumafunika. Maluso abwino oyendetsa kuti musayendetse ATV kukwera. | <80% | <80% | Miyala, mizu ndi nthambi, miyala pamwamba |
| 4 | Njira yotsetsereka kwambiri, mayendedwe oyipa, otsetsereka, mitengo, mizu ndi matembenuzidwe akuthwa. Oyendetsa njinga zamapiri odziwa zambiri adzafunika kukankha kapena kupitiliza njirayo. | <80% | <80% | Miyala yodula, nthambi zazikulu pamtunda, miyala kapena nthaka yotayirira |
| 5 | Amakankhira kapena kunyamula aliyense. |
mtb: makwerero: imba
International Mountain Bike Association (IMBA) imadzinenera kuti ndi mtsogoleri wapadziko lonse lapansi pazachitetezo cha njinga zamapiri komanso bungwe lokhalo ku United States lodzipereka kwathunthu kwa osakwatira komanso mwayi wawo.
Piste Difficulty Assessment System yopangidwa ndi IMBA ndiye njira yayikulu yowunika zovuta zaukadaulo za ma pistes osangalatsa. IMBA piste rating rating system imatha:
- Thandizani ogwiritsa ntchito kupanga zosankha mwanzeru
- Limbikitsani alendo kuti agwiritse ntchito njira zoyenera malinga ndi luso lawo.
- Sinthani Zowopsa ndi Kuchepetsa Kuvulaza
- Limbikitsani zochitika zanu zakunja kwa alendo osiyanasiyana.
- Thandizo pakukonzekera njira ndi machitidwe otentha
- Dongosololi lidatengera kuyika chizindikiro kwa piste komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi padziko lonse lapansi. Njira zambiri zamanjira zimagwiritsa ntchito machitidwe amtunduwu, kuphatikiza ma netiweki amayendedwe apanjinga zamapiri m'malo ochitirako tchuthi. Dongosololi limagwira ntchito bwino kwa okwera njinga zamapiri, komanso limagwiranso ntchito kwa alendo ena monga okwera ndi okwera pamahatchi.
Kwa IMBA, gulu lawo limagwira ntchito m'njira zonse, pomwe OSM imasungidwa malo okwerera njinga. Ichi ndiye fungulo lomwe limatanthawuza dongosolo lamagulu lomwe lidzagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwonetsa zovuta za misewu m'mapaki anjinga "BikePark". Oyenera kukwera njinga zamapiri m'misewu yokhala ndi zopinga zopanga.
Kuwunika njira zamagulu a IMBA ndikokwanira kumvetsetsa malingaliro a OSM, gululi ndilovuta kugwiritsa ntchito njira za nyama zakuthengo. Tiyeni tingotenga chitsanzo cha muyeso wa "Malatho", omwe akuwoneka kuti akugwira ntchito panjira zopangira njinga zopangira.
