Kugawidwa kwa injini za 4-stroke

camshaft yowongolera ma valve

Wopangidwa ndi ma valve ndi camshafts imodzi kapena zingapo, kugawa ndi mtima wa injini ya 4-stroke. Ndi pa izo kuti ntchito ya njinga yamoto zachokera.

Kuti muwongolere kutsegulira ndi kutseka kwa ma valve, camshaft imagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiko kuti, chingwe chozungulira chomwe ma eccentrics adayikidwapo, chomwe chimakankhira ma valve kuti amire ndikutsegula nthawi ikafika. Valavu sikuti nthawi zonse imayendetsedwa mwachindunji ndi camshaft (fuse). Zowonadi, zonse zimatengera malo awo achibale. Pa injini zoyamba za 4, ma valve adayikidwa kuchokera kumbali, kumutu, kumbali ya silinda. Ndiye iwo opareshoni mwachindunji ndi camshaft, amene anali pafupi ndi olamulira crankshaft.

Gasi yoyendetsedwa ndi gasi, yomwe idaperekedwa ku Milan mu 2007, njinga yamoto yofananira yokhala ndi injini yoyezera valavu yam'mbali. Yankho losavuta kwambiri komanso lophatikizana lokumbukira zakale lomwe lili ndi njinga yamoto pang'ono kapena kulibe kuyambira pomwe Harley Flathead adayimilira mu 1951.

Kuyambira zopindika m'mbali mpaka pamwamba ...

Dongosolo, lomwe ndi losavuta kwambiri, linali ndi vuto la chipinda choyaka "chokhotakhota", popeza ma valve anafika pafupi ndi silinda. Izi zidakhudzidwa ndi magwiridwe antchito a injini ndipo ma valve otsogolera adayikidwa mwachangu. Mawuwa amachokera ku kumasulira, popeza mutu wa silinda umatchedwa "mutu" m'zinenero zambiri zakunja: mwachitsanzo, Chingerezi, Chijeremani, Chitaliyana. Mu specifications, ndipo nthawi zina mwachindunji pa crankcases, mukhoza kuona English chidule "OHV", kutanthauza "Header mavavu", mavavu pamutu. Chidulechi tsopano chatha, chomwe chimangopezeka pa makina otchetcha udzu ngati malo ogulitsa ...

Mutha kuchita bwino ...

Choncho, kuti chipinda choyatsirako chikhale chophatikizika, mavavuwo ankapendekeka kuti awabwezere ku ofukula kwa silinda ndi pisitoni. Kenako tinakambirana za injini za "fuck". Kuwotcha kwawonjezera kuchita bwino. Komabe, popeza camshaft inakhalabe pamalo omwewo, ndodo zazitali zinayenera kuikidwa kuti zigwiritse ntchito mavavu, ndiyeno ma rocker (scalmers) anayenera kuikidwa kuti atembenuzire kumtunda kwa makamera ndi kukankhira komwe kumatsitsa ma valve.

M'mbuyomu, kufalikira kwamtunduwu kunkagwiritsidwabe ntchito makamaka pa njinga zamoto za Chingerezi (60s-70s) ndi Italy (Moto Guzzi).

OHV kenako OHC

Yankho limodzi la ACT (head camshaft) likadali loyenera ma silinda amodzi omwe samathamanga kwambiri, monga 650 XR pano.

Komabe, kulemera ndi chiwerengero cha zigawo zosuntha zachulukitsa kawiri kuwonongeka kwa kufufuza mphamvu. Zowonadi, ma valve othamanga amatseguka ndikutseka, amatha kukhala otseguka kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti injiniyo idzaze, motero ma torque ake ndi mphamvu. Momwemonso, injiniyo imathamanga mofulumira, "kuphulika" kumapereka kwambiri ndipo, motero, kumakhala kwamphamvu kwambiri. Koma misa, pokhala mdani wa mathamangitsidwe, machitidwe olemera ndi ovuta awa sakanatha kukhala ogwira ntchito mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo. Ndipotu, tinali ndi lingaliro lokweza camshaft mumutu wa silinda (pamutu monga chonchi ...) kuti tichotse tsinde lalitali komanso lolemera la rocker. Mu Chingerezi tikukamba za "Inverted camshaft", yomwe imalembedwa mwachidule ndi OHC. Ukadaulo udakalipobe ngati Honda (ndi Aprilia) akugwiritsabe ntchito nthawi zonse, ndikusintha kotchedwa "Unicam".

Unik

Unicam ya Honda ili ndi ACT imodzi yokha yomwe imayang'anira mwachindunji ma valve olowera, pomwe ang'onoang'ono, motero ma valve otulutsa opepuka amagwiritsa ntchito otsetsereka.

Sabata yamawa tidzayang'anitsitsa pawiri ACT ...

Bokosi: Kodi Valve Panic ndi chiyani?

Zimenezi n’zofanana ndi zimene zimachitika gulu lankhondo likawoloka mlatho. Mlathowu umasangalatsa mawonekedwe a mlathowo pa liwiro lofanana ndi mawonekedwe ake ake. Izi zimabweretsa kuyenda kwakukulu kwa mlatho ndipo, pamapeto pake, chiwonongeko chake. Ndi chimodzimodzi ndi kugawa. Pamene kutsekemera kwafupipafupi kwa camshaft kumafika pafupipafupi kwa valve yotsegula ndi kutseka njira, dongosolo limapeza yankho. Izi zimatsogolera kumayendedwe osayendetsedwa a valve omwe satsatiranso mbiri ya camshaft. M'malo mwake, samatsekanso pisitoni ikakwera ... ndipo bing, imagunda, ndikupangitsa injini kugwa. Kutsika kwa chiwerengero cha kugawa, kumapangitsa kuti mafupipafupi ake awonekere ndipo motero amachoka pa liwiro la injini (i.e. liwiro lomwe lingathe kuzungulira). Mtengo wa CQFD.