Zinthu zisanu zomwe zingafupikitse moyo wa injini

Makina amakono amapangidwa ndi cholinga chokwaniritsa mafuta ochulukirapo ndipo, nawo, amachepetsa mpweya woipa. Nthawi yomweyo, mawonekedwe a ogula samangoganiziridwa nthawi zonse. Zotsatira zake, kudalirika ndi ntchito ya injini yafupika. Mukamagula galimoto yatsopano, muyenera kuganizira zomwe wopanga akuyang'ana. Nawu mndandanda wazinthu zochepa zomwe zingachepetse moyo wa makina.

1 Ntchito chipinda chochuluka

Gawo loyamba ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yazipinda zogwiritsira ntchito yamphamvu. Makina osinthira awa adapangidwa kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa mpweya woyipa. Kuti akwaniritse zosowa za dalaivala wamakono, pamafunika mphamvu inayake (zaka mazana angapo zapitazo, anthu anali omasuka ndi ma ngolo). Koma ndi zonenepa zazing'ono, mphamvu imatheka kokha powonjezera kuchuluka kwa psinjika.

Kuwonjezeka kwa chizindikiro ichi kumakhudza magawo a silinda-pisitoni. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizosatheka kuwonjezera chizindikirochi kwamuyaya. Mafuta ali ndi nambala yake octane. Ngati akupanikizika kwambiri, mafuta amatha kuphulika nthawi isanakwane. Pakukula kwa chiŵerengero cha kupanikizika, ngakhale ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a katundu wa injini kumawirikiza. Pachifukwa ichi, njira zabwino kwambiri ndi injini za 4-cylinder zomwe zimakhala ndi malita 1,6.

Pisitoni yofupikitsidwa

Mfundo yachiwiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma pistoni ofupikitsidwa. Opanga akutenga gawo ili kuti achepetse (osachepera pang'ono) mphamvu yamagetsi. Ndipo yankho ili limapereka zokolola zambiri ndikuchita bwino. Ndikuchepa kwa m'mphepete mwa pisitoni ndi kutalika kwa ndodo yolumikizira, makoma amiyala amakumana ndi zovuta zambiri. M'magetsi othamanga kwambiri amkati, pisitoni yotere nthawi zambiri imawononga mphero yamafuta ndikuwononga galasi lamphamvu. Mwachilengedwe, izi zimabweretsa kuwonongeka.

3 Chopangira mphamvu

Pamalo achitatu ndikugwiritsa ntchito injini za turbocharged zokhala ndi voliyumu yaying'ono. Turbocharger yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, yomwe imazungulira kuchokera ku mphamvu yotulutsidwa ya mpweya wotulutsa mpweya. Chipangizochi nthawi zambiri chimatentha mpaka madigiri 1000 odabwitsa. Kuchulukira kwa injini kusuntha, m'pamenenso supercharger imatha.

Nthawi zambiri imagwera pafupifupi 100 km. Chombocho chimafunikiranso mafuta. Ndipo ngati woyendetsa galimoto alibe chizolowezi chowunika kuchuluka kwa mafuta, ndiye kuti injiniyo imatha kufa ndi njala yamafuta. Zomwe zili ndi izi, ndikosavuta kungoganiza.

4 Tenthetsani injini

Komanso, Dziwani kuti kunyalanyaza kwa Kutentha kwa injini m'nyengo yozizira. M'malo mwake, ma injini amakono amatha kuyamba osatenthetsa. Amakhala ndi zida zamafuta zatsopano zomwe zimapangitsa kuti injini zizizizira. Komabe, palinso chinthu china chomwe sichingakonzedwe ndi machitidwe aliwonse - mafuta amalimba mu chisanu.

Pachifukwa ichi, kuyimilira kuzizira, kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kuti pampu yamafuta ipope mafuta mu zida zonse za injini. Mukaika katundu wolemera popanda mafuta, ziwalo zake zina zimawonongeka msanga. Tsoka ilo, chuma ndichofunika kwambiri, ndichifukwa chake opanga makina amanyalanyaza kufunika kotenthetsa injini. Zotsatira zake ndizochepetsa moyo wogwira ntchito wa gulu la pisitoni.

5 «Yambani / Imani»

Chinthu chachisanu chomwe chidzafupikitse moyo wa injini ndi njira yoyambira / kuyimitsira. Anapangidwa ndi opanga makina aku Germany kuti "azitseke" injiniyo popanda kugwira ntchito. Injini ikamagwira ntchito pagalimoto yokhazikika (mwachitsanzo, pamaloboti kapena panjira njanji), mpweya wowopsa umangokhala meta imodzi. Pachifukwa ichi, utsi nthawi zambiri umapangidwa m'mizinda yayikulu. Lingaliro, kumene, limasewera mokomera chuma.

Vuto, komabe, ndikuti injini ili ndi moyo wake woyambira. Popanda ntchito yoyambira/yimitsa, idzayenda nthawi pafupifupi 50 pazaka 000 zautumiki, ndipo ndi pafupifupi 10 miliyoni. Injini ikayambika kaŵirikaŵiri, mbali zogundana zimatha msanga.