Ma valve otsegula

Ma valve otsegula dzichitireni nokha - njira yosavuta, malinga ngati wokonda masewerawa anali ndi chidziwitso pantchito yokonza. Kuti mutseke mipando ya valve, mudzafunika zida ndi zipangizo zingapo, kuphatikizapo phala laling'ono, chipangizo chophwanyira mavavu, kubowola (screwdriver), palafini, kasupe yemwe amadutsa dzenje la mpando wa valve. Pankhani ya nthawi, kugaya mu mavavu a injini yoyaka mkati ndi njira yokwera mtengo, chifukwa kuti mutsirize, ndikofunikira kutulutsa mutu wa silinda.

Kodi kupumula ndi chiyani ndipo chifukwa chiyani kuli kofunikira

Kutsekera kwa ma valve ndi njira yomwe imatsimikizira kuti mavavu olowera ndi otulutsa mpweya amakwanira bwino m'masilinda a injini zoyatsira mkati pamipando yawo (chishalo). Childs, akupera ikuchitika pamene m'malo mavavu ndi atsopano, kapena pambuyo kukonzanso injini kuyaka mkati. Moyenera, ma valve opindika amapereka kulimba kwambiri mu silinda (chipinda choyaka). Izi, zimatsimikiziranso kupanikizika kwakukulu, mphamvu ya injini, ntchito yake yabwino komanso luso lamakono.

Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ngati simukugaya mu mavavu atsopano, ndiye kuti gawo limodzi la mphamvu za mpweya wowotchedwa lidzatayika mosayembekezereka m'malo mopereka mphamvu yoyenera ya injini yoyaka mkati. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kudzawonjezeka, ndipo mphamvu ya injini idzachepa. Magalimoto ena amakono ali ndi makina owongolera ma valve. Amangopera valavu, kotero palibe chifukwa chopera pamanja.

Zomwe zimafunikira pogaya

The lapping ndondomeko ikuchitika ndi yamphamvu mutu kuchotsedwa. Chifukwa chake, kuwonjezera pa zida zopangira mavavu, mwiniwake wagalimoto amafunikiranso chida chophwanyira mutu wa silinda. kawirikawiri, awa ndi makiyi wamba locksmith, screwdrivers, nsanza. Komabe, ndizofunikanso kukhala ndi wrench ya torque, yomwe idzafunika panthawi yokonzanso mutuwo. kufunikira kwake kumawonekera, popeza mabawuti okwera omwe ali ndi mutu pampando wake ayenera kumangirizidwa ndi mphindi inayake, yomwe imatha kutsimikiziridwa ndi wrench ya torque. Kutengera ndi njira iti yopangira ma valve omwe amasankhidwa - pamanja kapena makina (pambuyo pake pang'ono), zida zogwirira ntchito ndizosiyana.

ndi zomangirira ma valve omwe mwini galimoto angafune:

• Chosungira ma valve pamanja. M'mashopu agalimoto kapena m'malo ogulitsa magalimoto, zinthu zopangidwa kale zimagulitsidwa. Ngati pazifukwa zina simukufuna kapena simungagule chofukizira chotere, ndiye kuti mutha kupanga nokha. Momwe mungapangirenso izo zafotokozedwa mu gawo lotsatira. Chosungira valavu pamanja chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomangirira ma valve pamanja.
• Valve Lapping Paste. Nthawi zambiri, eni magalimoto amagula mankhwala opangidwa okonzeka, popeza pakali pano pali ndalama zambiri mu malonda a galimoto, kuphatikizapo pamitengo yosiyana. Muzovuta kwambiri, mutha kupanga chofananacho nokha kuchokera ku tchipisi ta abrasive.
• Kubowola kapena screwdriver ndi kuthekera kobwerera (kwa makina akupera). kawirikawiri, akupera ikuchitika mbali zonse za kasinthasintha, kotero kubowola (screwdriver) ayenera atembenuza onse mbali imodzi ndi zina. mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito kubowola pamanja, komwe kumatha kuzungulira mbali imodzi ndi ina.

• Hose ndi masika. Zipangizozi ndizofunikira pakubowoleza mwamakina. Kasupe ayenera kukhala wokhazikika pang'ono, ndipo m'mimba mwake ndi mamilimita awiri kapena atatu kuposa m'mimba mwake wa tsinde la valve. Mofananamo, payipi, kotero kuti akhoza kuikidwa pa matako pa ndodo. mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito kachingwe kakang'ono kuti muteteze. ndodo yayifupi yachitsulo imafunikanso m'mimba mwake yofanana ndi ndodo ya pisitoni, kuti igwirizane bwino ndi payipi ya rabala.
• Kerosene. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zotsukira ndipo kenako kuwunika mtundu wa lapping anachita.
• "Sharoshka". Ichi ndi chida chapadera chopangidwira kuchotsa zitsulo zowonongeka pampando wa valve. Zida zoterezi zimagulitsidwa zokonzeka m'magalimoto ogulitsa magalimoto. Pakadali pano, m'malo ogulitsa magalimoto mutha kupeza gawo ili pafupifupi injini iliyonse yoyaka mkati (makamaka yamagalimoto wamba).
• Nsanza. Pambuyo pake, ndi chithandizo chake, zidzakhala zofunikira kupukuta malo owuma (nthawi yomweyo manja).
• Zosungunulira. Zofunika kuyeretsa malo ogwirira ntchito.
• Scotch tepi. Ndi gawo lofunikira pochita imodzi mwa njira zoyeretsera zamakina.

Chida cha Valve Lapping

Ngati mwini galimoto alibe mwayi / chikhumbo kugula fakitale valavu akupera ndi manja ake (pamanja), chipangizo chofanana akhoza kupangidwa paokha pogwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano. Kwa ichi mudzafunika:

• Chubu chachitsulo chokhala ndi bowo mkati. Kutalika kwake kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 10 ... 20 masentimita, ndipo m'mimba mwake mwa dzenje lamkati la chubu liyenera kukhala 2 ... 3 mm lalikulu kuposa m'mimba mwake la tsinde la injini yoyaka moto.
• Kubowola kwamagetsi (kapena screwdriver) ndi kubowola zitsulo ndi mainchesi 8,5 mm.
• Kulumikizana kapena kuwotcherera gasi.
• Mtedza ndi bawuti ndi awiri a 8 mm.

Algorithm yopanga chipangizo chogaya ma valve idzakhala motere:

• Pogwiritsa ntchito kubowola patali pafupifupi 7 ... 10 mm kuchokera m'mphepete mwake, muyenera kubowola dzenje lalikulu lomwe lawonetsedwa pamwambapa.
• Pogwiritsa ntchito kuwotcherera, muyenera kuwotcherera mtedzawo ndendende pa dzenje lobowola. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kugwira ntchito mosamala kuti musawononge ulusi pa mtedza.
• Kokani bawuti mu nati kuti m'mphepete mwake ifike mkati mwa khoma la chubu moyang'anizana ndi dzenje.
• Monga chogwirira cha chubu, mutha kupindika mbali ina ya chitolirocho molunjika, kapena mutha kuwotcherera chidutswa chimodzi cha chitoliro kapena chitsulo china chilichonse chofanana ndi mawonekedwe (mowongoka).
• Tsegulani bawuti kumbuyo, ndipo ikani tsinde la valavu mu chubu, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito bawutiyo kulilimbitsa mwamphamvu ndi wrench.

Pakalipano, chipangizo chopangidwa ndi fakitale chofananacho chikhoza kupezeka m'masitolo ambiri a pa intaneti. Komabe, vuto ndi loti iwo ali okwera mtengo kwambiri. Koma ngati wokonda galimoto sakufuna kupanga njira yopangira yekha, mukhoza kugula chipangizo chopangira ma valve.

Njira Zopangira Ma Valve

Pali njira ziwiri zopera mavavu - pamanja ndi makina. Komabe, kuwotcha pamanja ndi ntchito yovuta komanso yowononga nthawi. Choncho, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira yotchedwa mechanized, pogwiritsa ntchito kubowola kapena screwdriver. Komabe, tidzasanthula njira imodzi ndi ina mwadongosolo.

Mosasamala kanthu za njira yomwe yasankhidwa, choyamba ndikuchotsa ma valve pamutu wa silinda (iyeneranso kuthetsedwa kale). Kuti muchotse ma valve pamutu wotsogolera wa mutu wa silinda, muyenera kuchotsa akasupe a valve. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito chipangizo chapadera, ndiyeno chotsani "crackers" m'mbale za akasupe.

Manual lapping njira

kuti akupera mavavu a injini kuyaka mkati galimoto, muyenera kutsatira aligorivimu pansipa:

• Pambuyo pochotsa valavu, muyenera kuyeretsa bwino kuchokera ku carbon deposits. Kuti muchite izi, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera zoyeretsera, komanso malo otsekemera kuti muchotse bwino zolengeza, mafuta, ndi dothi pamwamba.
• Ikani phala losalekeza la phala ku nkhope ya vavu (phala la coarse-grained limagwiritsidwa ntchito poyamba, ndiyeno phala losalala).

• Ngati chipangizo chodzipangira chokha chomwe chafotokozedwa pamwambapa chikugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye kuti m'pofunika kuyika valavu pampando wake, kutembenuzira mutu wa silinda, ndikuyika chogwirizira pa valve yomwe ili mu manja a valve ndi mafuta odzola ndi phala. ndiye muyenera kumangitsa bolt kuti mukonze valavu mu chitoliro mwamphamvu momwe mungathere.
• Ndiye muyenera atembenuza chipangizo lapping pamodzi ndi valavu alternately mbali zonse ndi theka kutembenukira (pafupifupi ± 25 °). Pakatha mphindi imodzi kapena ziwiri, muyenera kutembenuza valavu 90 ° molunjika kapena motsatana, kubwereza mayendedwe akumbuyo ndi kutsogolo. Valavu iyenera kugwedezeka, nthawi ndi nthawi kukankhira pampando, ndiyeno kuimasula, kubwereza ndondomekoyi mozungulira.
• Kuyika ma valve pamanja ndikofunikira kuchita mpaka matte imvi ngakhale monochromatic lamba kuonekera pa chamfer. M'lifupi mwake ndi pafupifupi 1,75 ... 2,32 mm kwa mavavu olowera, ndi 1,44 ... 1,54 mm kwa ma valve otulutsa mpweya. Pambuyo pakugudubuza, gulu la matte lakuda la kukula koyenera liyenera kuwoneka osati pa valve yokha, komanso pampando wake.
• Chizindikiro china chomwe munthu angaweruze mosalunjika kuti kukwapula kumatha kutha ndikusintha kamvekedwe kake. Ngati kumayambiriro kwa kusisita kudzakhala "chitsulo" komanso mokweza, ndiye kumapeto kwake phokoso lidzakhala lopanda phokoso. Ndiko kuti, pamene zitsulo sizimapukuta pazitsulo, koma zitsulo pamtunda wa matte. Childs, lapping ndondomeko amatenga 5-10 mphindi (malingana ndi mmene zinthu ndi mmene valavu limagwirira).
• Childs, lapping ikuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito phala la miyeso yosiyanasiyana ya tirigu. Choyamba, phala la coarse-grained amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiyeno bwino-grained. Algorithm yowagwiritsa ntchito ndi yofanana. Komabe, phala lachiwiri litha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha phala loyamba litatsukidwa bwino ndi kuuma.
• Pambuyo pa kupukuta, m'pofunika kupukuta bwino valavu ndi mpando wake ndi chiguduli choyera, ndipo mukhoza kutsuka pamwamba pa valve kuti muchotse zotsalira za phala pamwamba pake.
• Yang'anani mtundu wa lapping poyang'ana concentricity ya malo a valve disc ndi mpando wake. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito graphite yopyapyala ku chamfer ya mutu wa valve ndi pensulo. ndiye valavu yodziwika bwino iyenera kulowetsedwa mu dzanja lowongolera, kukanikizidwa pang'ono pampando, kenako kutembenuzika. Malingana ndi zizindikiro za graphite zomwe zimapezeka, munthu akhoza kuweruza kukhazikika kwa malo a valve ndi mpando wake. Ngati kupukutira kuli bwino, ndiye kuti kuchokera kutembenuka kumodzi kwa valavu madontho onse ogwiritsidwa ntchito adzafufutidwa. Ngati izi sizichitika, kugaya kuyenera kubwerezedwa mpaka zomwe zafotokozedwazo zikwaniritsidwa. Komabe, kufufuza kwathunthu kumachitidwa ndi njira ina, yomwe ili pansipa.
• Mukamaliza kuyika ma valve, malo onse ogwirira ntchito amatsukidwa ndi palafini kuti achotse phala lotsalira ndi dothi. Tsinde la valve ndi manja amathiridwa ndi mafuta a injini. kupitilira apo, mavavu amayikidwa pamipando yawo mumutu wa silinda.

Pokonza ma valve, muyenera kuchotsa zolakwika zotsatirazi:

• Madipoziti a mpweya pa chamfers amene sanatsogolere mapindikidwe chamfer (vavu).
• Carbon deposits pa chamfers, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti mapindikidwe. ndiko kuti, pamwamba pawo pali chopondapo, ndipo chithumwacho chinasanduka chozungulira.

Chonde dziwani kuti ngati poyamba valavu imatha kugwedezeka, ndiye kachiwiri ndikofunikira kupanga poyambira. Nthawi zina, lapping ikuchitika mu magawo angapo. Mwachitsanzo, kukwera movutikira kumachitika mpaka zipolopolo zonse ndi zokopa zichotsedwa pamwamba pa chogwiriracho. Nthawi zambiri, phala lokhala ndi ma grit osiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito popumira. Abrasive coarse imapangidwa kuti ichotse kuwonongeka kwakukulu, ndipo yabwino ndiyomaliza. Chifukwa chake, momwe ma abrasive amagwiritsidwira ntchito bwino, ndiye kuti ma valve amawunikiridwa bwino. Nthawi zambiri mapepala amakhala ndi manambala. Mwachitsanzo, 1 - yomaliza, 2 - yovuta. Ndikosafunika kuti phala la abrasive lifike pazinthu zina zamakina a valve. Ngati iye anafika kumeneko - kutsuka ndi palafini.

Mavavu okhala ndi kubowola

Ma valve okhala ndi kubowola ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri, yomwe mungapulumutse nthawi ndi khama. Mfundo yake ndi yofanana ndi kugaya pamanja. Ma algorithms kuti agwiritse ntchito ndi awa:

• Tengani ndodo yachitsulo yokonzeka ndikuyikapo payipi ya rabara ya m'mimba mwake yoyenera. Kuti mukonze bwino, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito clamp ya m'mimba mwake yoyenera.
• Konzani ndodo yachitsulo yomwe yatchulidwayo ndi payipi ya rabara yomwe yalumikizidwa mu chuck ya kubowola magetsi (kapena screwdriver).
• Tengani valavu ndikuyika kasupe pa tsinde lake, kenaka muyike pampando wake.
• Kukankhira pang'ono valavu kuchokera pamutu wa silinda, ikani phala laling'ono ku chamfer yake kuzungulira mbale yake.
• Ikani tsinde la valve mu payipi ya rabala. Ngati ndi kotheka, gwiritsaninso ntchito chomangira cha m'mimba mwake yoyenera kuti musamalire bwino.
• Kubowola pa liwiro lotsika yambani kugwetsa valavu pampando wake. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kusuntha mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo, momwe, kwenikweni, kasupe woyikapo amathandizira. Pambuyo pa masekondi pang'ono akuzungulira mbali imodzi, muyenera kusintha kubowola kuti mutembenuzire, ndikuzungulira mbali ina.
• Chitani njirayi mofanana, mpaka lamba wa matte awonekere pa thupi la valve.
• Mukamaliza lapping, mosamala misozi valavu ku zotsalira za phala, makamaka ndi zosungunulira. Komanso, m'pofunika kuchotsa phala osati chamfer cha valavu, komanso pampando wake.

Kuyika ma valve atsopano

Palinso kugwedeza kumodzi kwa mavavu atsopano pamutu wa silinda. Ma algorithms kuti agwiritse ntchito ndi awa:

• Kugwiritsa ntchito chiguduli ankawaviika zosungunulira, kuchotsa dothi ndi madipoziti pa chamfers mavavu onse atsopano, komanso pa mipando yawo (mipando). Ndikofunika kuti malo awo akhale oyera.
• Tengani chidutswa cha tepi ya mbali ziwiri ndikuyiyika pa mbale ya valve yopukutira (mmalo mwa tepi ya mbali ziwiri, mukhoza kutenga yokhazikika, koma choyamba pangani mphete ndikuyifinya kuti ikhale yosalala, potero. kusandutsa mbali ziwiri).
• Phatikizani nsonga ya ndodo ndi mafuta a makina, ndikuyiyika pampando womwe umayenera kugaya chipangizocho.
• Tengani valavu ina iliyonse yofanana ndikuyiyika mu chuck ya screwdriver kapena kubowola.
• Gwirizanitsani mbale za ma valve awiriwa kuti azigwirizana ndi tepi yomatira.
• Kukanikiza pang'ono pobowola kapena screwdriver pa liwiro lotsika, yambani kugaya. Chipangizocho chimazungulira valavu imodzi, ndiyeno, imatumiza mayendedwe ozungulira ku valve yopumira. Kuzungulira kuyenera kukhala kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo.
• Zizindikiro za kutha kwa ndondomekoyi ndi zofanana ndi zomwe tafotokozazi.

Chonde dziwani kuti injini zamakina amakono ambiri sizingagwirizane ndi ma valve. Izi ndichifukwa choti amapangidwa ndi aluminiyamu, ndipo ngati zinthu za injini zoyaka mkati zimawonongeka kwambiri, pali chiopsezo chosinthira pafupipafupi. Chifukwa chake, eni magalimoto amakono akunja ayenera kufotokozeranso zambiri izi kapena kufunafuna thandizo kugalimoto yamagalimoto.

Kumbukirani kuti mutatha kupukuta, simungasinthe mavavu m'malo, chifukwa valavu iliyonse imapangidwira payekha.

Momwe mungayang'anire malo a valve

Pamapeto pa kuphulika kwa ma valve, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana mtundu wa lapping. Izi zikhoza kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito imodzi mwa njira ziwiri.

Njira imodzi

Njira yomwe ili pansipa ndiyofala kwambiri, koma sizidzawonetsa nthawi zonse zotsatira zolondola ndi chitsimikizo cha 100%. Komanso, sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyang'ana momwe ma valve akupera mu ICE ali ndi valve ya EGR.

Chifukwa chake, kuti muchite cheke, muyenera kuyika mutu wa silinda kumbali yake, kuti mabowo a zitsime zomwe manifolds amalumikizidwa "kuyang'ana" mmwamba. Chifukwa chake, ma valve adzakhala mu ndege yopingasa, ndipo zovundikira zawo zidzayikidwa molunjika. Musanayambe kuyang'ana kuphulika kwa ma valve, m'pofunika kuyanika ma valve ndi chithandizo cha compressor kuti muwonetsetse kutuluka kwa mafuta pansi pawo (ndiko kuti, kuti khoma loyima likhale louma).

ndiye muyenera kuthira mafuta mu zitsime ofukula (ndipo palafini ndi bwino, popeza ali fluidity bwino). Ngati mavavu amapereka zolimba, ndiye anatsanulira palafini kuchokera pansi pawo si kutayikira kunja. Kukachitika kuti mafuta ngakhale pang'ono amachokera pansi pa ma valve, kugaya kwina kapena ntchito ina yokonza ndiyofunikira (malingana ndi momwe zinthu zilili ndi matenda). Ubwino wa njirayi ndikuti ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.

Komabe, njirayi ilinso ndi zovuta zake. Choncho, ndi chithandizo chake n'zosatheka kuyang'ana ubwino wa valavu akupera pamene injini yoyaka mkati ikugwira ntchito pansi pa katundu (kutuluka kwa mpweya pansi pa katundu). Komanso, sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa ma ICE omwe ali ndi valavu ya USR, chifukwa mapangidwe ake amatanthauza kukhalapo kwa ma valve ogwirizana mu silinda imodzi kapena zingapo zomwe mafuta amathiramo. Choncho, sizingatheke kuyang'ana zolimba motere.

Njira ziwiri

Njira yachiwiri yowonera momwe ma valve akupera ndi abwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi komanso odalirika, chifukwa amakulolani kuti muwone momwe mpweya umadutsa kudzera muzitsulo zomwe zili pansi pa katundu. Kuti muchite cheke choyenera, ndikofunikira kuyika mutu wa silinda "mozondoka", ndiko kuti, kuti ma valve (mabowo) akhale pamwamba, ndipo mabowo a zitsime zosonkhanitsa ali pambali. ndiye muyenera kuthira mafuta pang'ono (panthawiyi, zilibe kanthu kuti ndi iti, ndipo ngakhale momwe ziliri zilibe kanthu) muzitsulo za valve (mtundu wa mbale).

Tengani mpweya wa compressor ndikuugwiritsa ntchito kuti mupereke mpweya woponderezedwa kumbali bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kupereka mpweya wophatikizika potsegulira komanso potulutsa mpweya wambiri. Ngati kugwedeza kwa ma valve kunachitika ndi khalidwe lapamwamba, ndiye kuti mavuvu a mpweya sangatuluke pansi pawo ngakhale pansi pa katundu woperekedwa ndi compressor. Ngati pali thovu la mpweya, ndiye kuti palibe zothina. Kupanda kutero, kusanja sikunachitike bwino, ndipo ndikofunikira kuwongolera. Njira yomwe yafotokozedwa mugawoli ndiyothandiza kwambiri komanso yosunthika ndipo itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa ICE iliyonse.

Pomaliza

Mavavu a Lapping ndi njira yosavuta yomwe eni ake ambiri amatha kuthana nayo, makamaka omwe ali ndi luso lokonza. Chinthu chachikulu ndicho kukhala ndi zida ndi zipangizo zoyenera. Mutha kupanga phala lanu, kapena mutha kugula lopangidwa kale. Komabe, njira yachiwiri ndi yabwino. Kuti muwone momwe ma lapping amapangidwira, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito compressor ya mpweya yomwe imapereka kuyezetsa kutayikira pansi pa katundu, iyi ndi njira yabwinoko.