Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito turbocharger ndi mapangidwe ake

Turbocharger (turbine) ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto kukakamiza mpweya kulowa m'masilinda a injini yoyatsira mkati. Pankhaniyi, turbine imayendetsedwa ndi kutuluka kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya. Kugwiritsa ntchito turbocharger kumakupatsani mwayi wowonjezera mphamvu ya injini mpaka 40% ndikusunga kukula kwake kophatikizana komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta otsika.

Momwe makina opangira magetsi amapangidwira, mfundo ya ntchito yake

Turbocharger yokhazikika imakhala ndi:

1. Nyumba. Zopangidwa kuchokera kuchitsulo chosamva kutentha. Ili ndi mawonekedwe a helical okhala ndi machubu awiri omwe amawongoleredwa mosiyanasiyana omwe amaperekedwa ndi ma flanges kuti akhazikitsidwe mu dongosolo la pressurization.
2. Magudumu a turbine. Imasintha mphamvu ya utsi kukhala kuzungulira kwa shaft yomwe imakhazikika mokhazikika. Zopangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zosamva kutentha.
3. Compressor gudumu. Imalandira kasinthasintha kuchokera pa gudumu la turbine ndikupopera mpweya mu masilinda a injini. Compressor impeller nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi aluminiyamu, yomwe imachepetsa kutaya mphamvu. Ulamuliro wa kutentha m'derali uli pafupi ndi wamba ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zosagwira kutentha sikofunikira.
4. Chophimba cha turbine. Amagwirizanitsa mawilo a turbine (compressor ndi turbine).
5. Ma bere omveka bwino kapena mayendedwe a mpira. Zofunika kulumikiza kutsinde mu nyumba. Mapangidwewo amatha kukhala ndi chothandizira chimodzi kapena ziwiri (zotengera). Zotsirizirazi zimakongoletsedwa ndi makina opangira mafuta ambiri.
6. valavu yodutsa. PAmapangidwa kuti aziwongolera kutuluka kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya womwe umagwira pa gudumu la turbine. Izi zimakulolani kuti muwongolere mphamvu yowonjezera. Vavu yokhala ndi pneumatic actuator. Udindo wake umayendetsedwa ndi injini ECU, yomwe imalandira chizindikiro kuchokera ku sensa yothamanga.

Mfundo yaikulu yogwiritsira ntchito turbine mu injini ya mafuta ndi dizilo ili motere:

• Mipweya yotulutsa mpweya imalunjikitsidwa ku nyumba ya turbocharger komwe imagwira pamasamba a turbine.
• Gudumu la turbine limayamba kuzungulira ndikuthamanga. Kuthamanga kwa turbine kumathamanga kwambiri kumatha kufika 250 rpm.
• Pambuyo podutsa pa gudumu la turbine, mpweya wotulutsa mpweya umatulutsidwa mu dongosolo lotayira.
• Chowuzira cha kompresa chimazungulira mu kulunzanitsa (chifukwa chili pamtunda womwewo ngati turbine) ndikuwongolera mpweya woponderezedwa kupita ku intercooler kenako kupita ku injini zochulukirapo.

Makhalidwe a turbine

Poyerekeza ndi makina opangira makina oyendetsedwa ndi crankshaft, ubwino wa turbine ndikuti sichimakoka mphamvu kuchokera ku injini, koma imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kuchokera kuzinthu zake. Ndi zotsika mtengo kupanga komanso zotsika mtengo kugwiritsa ntchito.

Ngakhale mwaukadaulo wa turbine ya injini ya dizilo imakhala yofanana ndi injini yamafuta, imakhala yofala kwambiri mu injini ya dizilo. Mbali yaikulu ndi modes ntchito. Chifukwa chake, zida zochepa zosagwira kutentha zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa injini ya dizilo, popeza kutentha kwa gasi kumachokera ku 700 ° C mu injini za dizilo komanso kuchokera ku 1000 ° C mu injini zamafuta. Izi zikutanthauza kuti sizingatheke kukhazikitsa turbine ya dizilo pa injini yamafuta.

Kumbali inayi, machitidwewa amakhalanso ndi milingo yosiyana yowonjezereka. Pankhaniyi, ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti mphamvu ya turbine imadalira miyeso yake ya geometric. Kuthamanga kwa mpweya wowomberedwa m'masilinda ndi kuchuluka kwa magawo awiri: 1 kuthamanga kwa mumlengalenga kuphatikiza mphamvu yochulukirapo yopangidwa ndi turbocharger. Itha kukhala kuchokera ku 0,4 mpaka 2,2 atmospheres kapena kupitilira apo. Popeza mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito turbine mu injini ya dizilo imalola kuti gasi wotulutsa mpweya wambiri atengedwe, mapangidwe a injini yamafuta sangathe kukhazikitsidwa ngakhale mu injini za dizilo.

Mitundu ndi moyo wautumiki wa ma turbocharger

Choyipa chachikulu cha turbine ndi "turbo lag" yomwe imapezeka pa liwiro lotsika la injini. Zimayimira kuchedwa kwa nthawi poyankha kusintha kwa liwiro la injini. Pofuna kuthana ndi vutoli, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma turbocharger yapangidwa:

• Twin-scroll system. Mapangidwewa amapereka njira ziwiri zolekanitsa chipinda cha turbine ndipo, chifukwa chake, kutuluka kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya. Izi zimatsimikizira kuyankha mwachangu, kuchita bwino kwambiri kwa turbine ndikuletsa kutsekeka kwa madoko otulutsa mpweya.
• Turbine yokhala ndi geometry yosinthika (nozzle yokhala ndi geometry yosinthika). Mapangidwe awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu injini za dizilo. Amapereka kusintha kwa gawo lolowera ku turbine chifukwa cha kusuntha kwa masamba ake. Kusintha kozungulira kozungulira kumakupatsani mwayi wosinthira kutulutsa kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya, potero kusintha liwiro la mpweya wotulutsa mpweya komanso kuthamanga kwa injini. Mu injini zamafuta, ma turbine a geometry osinthika nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'magalimoto amasewera.

Kuipa kwa ma turbocharger ndi kufooka kwa turbine. Kwa injini zamafuta, izi ndi pafupifupi makilomita 150. Komano, gwero chopangira injini ya injini dizilo ndi yaitali pang'ono ndi pafupifupi makilomita 000. Ndi kuyendetsa kwanthawi yayitali pa liwiro lalikulu, komanso kusankha kolakwika kwa mafuta, moyo wautumiki ukhoza kuchepetsedwa kawiri kapena katatu.

Kutengera momwe turbine imagwirira ntchito mu petulo kapena injini ya dizilo, magwiridwe antchito amatha kuyesedwa. Chizindikiro choyang'ana ndikuwoneka kwa utsi wa buluu kapena wakuda, kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya injini, komanso mawonekedwe a mluzu ndi phokoso. Kuti mupewe kuwonongeka, ndikofunikira kusintha mafuta, zosefera mpweya ndikukonza nthawi zonse.