Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito chiwongolero chowongolera ndi hydraulic booster

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito chiwongolero chowongolera mphamvu imachokera ku mphamvu yanthawi yochepa ya kupanikizika komwe kumapangidwa ndi mpope pa silinda, yomwe imasuntha choyikapo mbali yoyenera, kuthandiza dalaivala kuyendetsa galimoto. Chifukwa chake, magalimoto okhala ndi chiwongolero champhamvu amakhala omasuka kwambiri, makamaka akamayendetsa liwilo lotsika kapena kuyendetsa m'malo ovuta, chifukwa choyikapo chotere chimatenga katundu wambiri kuti atembenuze gudumu, ndipo woyendetsa amangopereka malamulo, osataya mayankho. panjira..

Chiwongolero chamakampani onyamula anthu kwanthawi yayitali chasintha mitundu ina yazida zofananira chifukwa chaukadaulo wake, zomwe tidakambirana apa (Momwe chiwongolero chimagwirira ntchito). Koma, ngakhale kuphweka kwa mapangidwewo, mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito chiwongolero chowongolera ndi hydraulic booster, ndiko kuti, hydraulic booster, sichimvekabe kwa eni ake ambiri.

Chiwongolero chowongolera - mwachidule mwachidule

Kuyambira kukubwera kwa magalimoto oyambirira, maziko a chiwongolero chakhala chochepetsera zida ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha gear, chomwe chimatembenuza mawilo akutsogolo agalimoto m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Poyamba, inali mzati wokhala ndi bipod pansi, kotero kuti mapangidwe ovuta (trapezoid) amayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusamutsira mphamvu yokondera kuzitsulo zowongolera zomwe mawilo akutsogolo adatsekedwa. Ndiye anatulukira pachivundikirocho, komanso gearbox, amene anatumiza mphamvu kutembenukira kwa kuyimitsidwa kutsogolo popanda nyumba zina, ndipo posakhalitsa mtundu wa chiwongolero ichi m'malo ndime kulikonse.

Koma choyipa chachikulu chochokera ku mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito chipangizochi sichingagonjetsedwe. Kuchulukitsa kwa chiwongolero cha magiya kunapangitsa kuti zitheke kutembenuza chiwongolero, chomwe chimatchedwanso chiwongolero kapena chiwongolero, mopanda mphamvu, koma kukakamiza kutembenuka kochulukirapo kusuntha chowongolero kuchokera kumanja kwambiri kupita kumanzere kwambiri kapena mosemphanitsa. Kuchepetsa chiwongolero cha zida kunapangitsa kuti chiwongolerocho chikhale chokulirapo, chifukwa galimotoyo idachita mwamphamvu kwambiri ngakhale kusintha pang'ono kwa chiwongolero, koma kuyendetsa galimoto yotere kumafunikira mphamvu yayikulu komanso kupirira.

Kuyesera kuthetsa vutoli kwachitika kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 50, ndipo ena mwa iwo anali okhudzana ndi ma hydraulics. Liwu lakuti "hydraulics" palokha linachokera ku liwu lachilatini lakuti hydro (hydro), lomwe limatanthauza madzi kapena mtundu wina wa chinthu chamadzimadzi chofanana ndi madzi ake ndi madzi. Komabe, mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1951s m'zaka zapitazi, chirichonse chinali chochepa pa zitsanzo zoyesera zomwe sizikanatha kuikidwa mu kupanga zochuluka. Kupambanaku kudabwera mu XNUMX pomwe Chrysler adayambitsa chiwongolero choyamba chamagetsi (GUR) chomwe chidagwira ntchito limodzi ndi gawo lowongolera. Kuyambira pamenepo, mfundo wamba ntchito chowongolera hayidiroliki chiwongolero kapena ndime sizinasinthe.

Chiwongolero choyamba chamagetsi chinali ndi zolakwika zazikulu, izi:

• injini yodzaza kwambiri;
• analimbitsa chiwongolero kokha pa sing'anga kapena mkulu liwiro;
• pa liwiro la injini, zidapangitsa kuti pakhale kuthamanga kwambiri (kupanikizika) ndipo dalaivala adasiya kulumikizana ndi msewu.

Choncho, chiwongolero cha hydraulic chomwe chimagwira ntchito nthawi zambiri chinawonekera kumapeto kwa XXI, pamene chowotcha chinali kale chiwongolero chachikulu.

Momwe hydraulic booster imagwirira ntchito

Kuti mumvetse mfundo ya kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka hydraulic chiwongolero, m'pofunika kuganizira zinthu zomwe zikuphatikizidwamo ndi ntchito zomwe amachita:

• mpope;
• valve kuchepetsa kuthamanga;
• thanki yowonjezera ndi fyuluta;
• silinda (hydraulic silinda);
• wogawa.

Chilichonse ndi gawo la hydraulic booster, chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito koyenera kwa chiwongolero chamagetsi kumatheka pokhapokha zigawo zonse zikugwira bwino ntchito yawo. Kanemayu akuwonetsa mfundo zonse zogwirira ntchito ngati izi.

Kodi chiwongolero chamagetsi chagalimoto chimagwira ntchito bwanji?

Pump

Ntchito ya makinawa ndi kuyendayenda kosalekeza kwamadzimadzi (hydraulic mafuta, ATP kapena ATF) kudzera mu chiwongolero cha mphamvu ndi kupanga mphamvu inayake yokwanira kutembenuza mawilo. Pampu yoyendetsera mphamvu imalumikizidwa ndi lamba ku pulley ya crankshaft, koma ngati galimotoyo ili ndi hydraulic booster yamagetsi, ndiye kuti ntchito yake imaperekedwa ndi injini yamagetsi yosiyana. Ntchito ya mpope imasankhidwa kotero kuti ngakhale ikugwira ntchito imatsimikizira kusinthasintha kwa makina, ndipo kupanikizika kowonjezereka komwe kumachitika pamene kuthamanga kumawonjezeka kumalipidwa ndi valavu yochepetsera mphamvu.

Pampu yowongolera mphamvu imapangidwa ndi mitundu iwiri:

• lamella;
• zida.

pompa chiwongolero cha mphamvu

Mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wake, mpope wowongolera mphamvu umagwira ntchito potengera gawo lakale la steamer wheel propulsion unit. Lamellar imodzi imakhala yovuta kwambiri kupanga, koma ndi chithandizo chake mungathe kusintha machitidwe ndi kupanikizika komwe kumapangidwa ndi gululi chifukwa cha kufalikira kosiyana kwa mbale za propeller, zomwe ndizofunikira pamakina omwe ali ndi makina oyendetsa magetsi ovuta. Komano, mpope wa giya ndi mpope wamba wamafuta, momwe mano a giya amasunthira madzimadzi amadzimadzi kupita kumalo otuluka, ndipo magwiridwe antchito ndi kukakamiza komwe kumapangidwa kumadalira kuthamanga kwa injini.

Pa magalimoto okwera omwe ali ndi kuyimitsidwa kwa hydraulic, pampu imodzi imatsimikizira kugwira ntchito kwa machitidwe onse awiri - chiwongolero cha mphamvu ndi kuyimitsidwa, koma imagwira ntchito mofanana. Zimasiyana ndi zomwe zimachitika nthawi zonse mu mphamvu zowonjezera.

Kupanikizika kwa valavu

Gawo ili la hydraulic booster limagwira ntchito pa mfundo ya valavu yodutsa, yomwe imakhala ndi mpira wotseka ndi kasupe. Panthawi yogwira ntchito, pampu yoyendetsera mphamvu imapanga kuyendayenda kwamadzimadzi ndi kuthamanga kwina, chifukwa ntchito yake ndi yapamwamba kuposa kutulutsa kwa hoses ndi zinthu zina. Pamene liwiro la injini likuwonjezeka, kupanikizika mu kayendetsedwe ka mphamvu kumawonjezeka, kumachita kupyolera mu mpira pamasika. Kuuma kwa kasupe kumasankhidwa kuti valavu itsegule pamtundu wina, ndipo m'mimba mwake mwa njirayo imalepheretsa kutuluka kwake, kotero kuti kugwira ntchito sikuyambitsa kutsika kwakukulu. Vavu ikatsegula, gawo lina la mafuta limadutsa dongosolo, lomwe limakhazikika pamlingo wofunikira.

valavu yochepetsera mphamvu yowongolera mphamvu

Ngakhale kuti valavu yochepetsera kuthamanga imayikidwa mkati mwa mpope, ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri cha hydraulic booster, chifukwa chake imakhala yofanana ndi njira zina. Kusagwira kwake ntchito kapena kulakwitsa kwake sikungowononga chiwongolero chamagetsi, komanso chitetezo chamsewu pamsewu, ngati chingwe chamagetsi chikuphulika chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwambiri kwa ma hydraulic, kapena kutayikira kumawonekera, zomwe galimotoyo imachita potembenuza chiwongolero chidzasintha, komanso wosadziwa. munthu amene amayendetsa ziwopsezo sathana ndi kasamalidwe. Chifukwa chake, chipangizo cha chiwongolero chokhala ndi hydraulic booster chimatanthawuza kudalirika kwakukulu kwa kapangidwe kake lonse ndi chinthu chilichonse.

Tanki yowonjezera ndi fyuluta

Panthawi yowongolera mphamvu, madzimadzi amadzimadzi amayendetsedwa mokakamiza kudzera mu chiwongolero champhamvu ndipo amakhudzidwa ndi kukakamiza komwe kumapangidwa ndi mpope, komwe kumabweretsa kutentha ndi kukulitsa mafuta. Tanki yowonjezera imatenga mopitirira muyeso wa nkhaniyi, kotero kuti voliyumu yake mu dongosolo imakhala yofanana nthawi zonse, zomwe zimachotsa kuthamanga kwa kuthamanga komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha. Kutentha kwa ATP ndi kuvala kwa zinthu zopaka kumabweretsa kuoneka kwa fumbi lachitsulo ndi zonyansa zina mumafuta. Kulowa mu spool, yomwe imakhalanso yogawa, zinyalalazi zimatseka mabowo, kusokoneza ntchito ya chiwongolero cha mphamvu, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kuyendetsa galimoto. Pofuna kupewa chitukuko cha zochitika zotere, fyuluta imamangidwa mu chiwongolero cha mphamvu, chomwe chimachotsa zinyalala zosiyanasiyana kuchokera kumadzimadzi ozungulira a hydraulic.

Silinda

Gawo ili la hydraulic booster ndi chitoliro, mkati mwake muli gawo la njanji ndi pistoni ya hydraulic yomwe imayikidwapo. Zisindikizo zamafuta zimayikidwa m'mphepete mwa chitoliro kuti ATP isathawe mphamvu ikakwera. Mafuta akalowa mu gawo lofananira la silinda kudzera m'machubu, pisitoni imayenda molowera kwina, kukankhira choyikapo, ndikudutsamo, ikugwira ndodo zowongolera ndi zowongolera.

chiwongolero champhamvu

Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kachiwongolero kamphamvu kameneka, ziwongolero zimayamba kusuntha ngakhale zida zoyendetsa zisanasunthe choyikapo.

Wofalitsa

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito chiwongolero chamagetsi ndikupereka mwachidule ma hydraulic fluid panthawi yomwe chiwongolerocho chikutembenuzidwa, kotero kuti chiwongolerocho chidzayamba kuyenda ngakhale dalaivala asanayesetse. Kupereka kwakanthawi kochepa kotereku, komanso kukhetsa madzi ochulukirapo kuchokera ku silinda ya hydraulic, kumaperekedwa ndi wogawa, omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa spool.

Kuti mumvetse mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito chipangizo ichi cha hydraulic, sikofunikira kuti tingochiganizira m'gawo, komanso kusanthula bwino momwe chimagwirira ntchito ndi zina zonse zoyendetsera mphamvu. Malingana ngati malo a chiwongolero ndi ziwongolero zimagwirizana wina ndi mzake, wogawayo, yemwe amadziwikanso kuti spool, amalepheretsa kutuluka kwa madzi mu silinda kuchokera kumbali zonse, kotero kuti kupanikizika mkati mwazitsulo zonsezo ndi zofanana ndipo zimatero. osakhudza njira yozungulira ma rims. Pamene dalaivala atembenuza chiwongolero, chiŵerengero chaching'ono cha chochepetsera chiwongolero sichimulola kuti atembenuze mawilo mofulumira popanda kuyesetsa kwambiri.

Wogulitsa mphamvu

Ntchito ya wogawira mphamvu ndi kupereka ATP ku silinda ya hydraulic pokhapokha ngati malo a chiwongolero sichikugwirizana ndi malo a mawilo, ndiye kuti, pamene dalaivala atembenuza chiwongolero, wogawayo amayamba kugwira ntchito ndi mphamvu. yamphamvu kuti achite pa chiwongolero knuckles ya kuyimitsidwa. Kukhudzidwa kotereku kuyenera kukhala kwakanthawi kochepa ndipo kumadalira kuchuluka kwa dalaivala yemwe adatembenuza chiwongolero. Ndiko kuti, choyamba hydraulic silinda ayenera kutembenuzira mawilo, ndiyeno dalaivala, zinayendera amalola kugwiritsa ntchito khama pang'ono kutembenuka, koma nthawi yomweyo "kumva msewu".

Galimoto ikagunda mtundu wina wa bampu, gudumu lakutsogolo, osachepera pang'ono, koma limasintha njira yozungulira, yomwe imatsogolera kukhudza njanji. Ngati kukhudzidwa kotereku kuli kokwanira kuti muthane ndi kulimba kwa torsion bar, ndiye kuti kusagwirizana kumachitika, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti gawo lina la ATF limalowa mbali ina ya silinda ya hydraulic, yomwe imalipiritsa kugwedezeka koteroko ndipo chiwongolero sichimatero. kuwuluka mmanja mwa dalaivala. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, amamva kusuntha kupyolera mu chiwongolero ndikumvetsetsa kuti galimotoyo yadutsa malo osagwirizana, zomwe zimamuthandiza kuti ayankhe mwamsanga kusintha kwa magalimoto.

Momwe ntchito

Kufunika kwa opaleshoni yotereyi inali imodzi mwamavuto omwe amalepheretsa kupanga ma hydraulic boosters m'galimoto, chifukwa nthawi zambiri m'galimoto chiwongolero ndi zida zowongolera zimalumikizidwa ndi tsinde lolimba, lomwe silimangotengera mphamvu ku ziwongolero, koma imaperekanso woyendetsa galimotoyo ndi ndemanga kuchokera pamsewu. Kuti ndithane ndi vutoli, ndimayenera kusinthiratu makonzedwe a shaft yolumikiza chiwongolero ndi zida zowongolera. Wogawa adayikidwa pakati pawo, maziko ake omwe ndi mfundo ya torsion, ndiko kuti, ndodo yotanuka yomwe imatha kupindika.

Dalaivala akatembenuza chiwongolero, chowongoleracho chimapindika pang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyana pakati pa malo a chiwongolero ndi mawilo akutsogolo. Panthawi ya kusagwirizana koteroko, spool yogawa imatsegulidwa ndipo mafuta a hydraulic amalowa mu silinda, yomwe imasuntha chiwongolero m'njira yoyenera, motero imathetsa kusagwirizana. Koma, kutuluka kwa spool distributor ndi kochepa, kotero kuti ma hydraulics samasintha kwathunthu zoyesayesa za dalaivala, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mwamsanga muyenera kutembenuka, ndipamenenso dalaivala ayenera kutembenuza chiwongolero, chomwe chimapereka mayankho ndi mayankho. amakulolani kumva galimoto pamsewu

chipangizo

Kuti mugwire ntchito yotere, ndiye kuti, kuthira ATP mu silinda ya hydraulic ndikuyimitsa kuperekerako pambuyo poti kusagwirizanaku kuthetsedwa, kunali kofunikira kuti pakhale makina ovuta kwambiri a hydraulic omwe amagwira ntchito molingana ndi mfundo yatsopano ndipo ili ndi:

• torsion bar yolumikizidwa ndi giya yoyendetsa, yomwe imapereka kusagwirizana pakutembenuza chiwongolero;
• mkati mwa spool;
• mbali yakunja ya spool.

Zigawo zamkati ndi zakunja za spool zimalumikizana mwamphamvu kwambiri kotero kuti palibe dontho lamadzi lomwe limatuluka pakati pawo, kuwonjezera apo, mabowo amabowoleredwa kuti apereke ndi kubwerera kwa ATP. Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito kamangidwe kameneka ndi mlingo wolondola wa madzimadzi amadzimadzi omwe amaperekedwa ku silinda. Malo a chiwongolero ndi choyikapo chikalumikizidwa, zotsegulira ndi zobwerera zimasunthidwa molumikizana wina ndi mnzake ndipo madziwo samalowa kapena kutuluka m'masilinda, chifukwa chake chomalizacho chimadzazidwa nthawi zonse ndipo palibe chowopsa. ya kuwulutsa. Woyendetsa galimotoyo akatembenuza chiwongolero, chowongolera chowongolera chimapindika koyamba, mbali zakunja ndi zamkati za spool zimasamutsidwa, chifukwa mabowo operekera mbali imodzi ndi mabowo akukhetsa mbali inayo amaphatikizidwa. .

Werenganinso: Chiwongolero chowongolera damper - cholinga ndi malamulo oyika

Kulowa mu hydraulic cylinder, mafuta amapondereza pisitoni, kusuntha mpaka m'mphepete, chotsiriziracho chimasunthira ku njanji ndipo imayamba kusuntha ngakhale galimoto isanagwirepo. Pamene choyikapo chimasintha, kusagwirizana pakati pa mbali zakunja ndi zamkati za spool kumatha, chifukwa chomwe mafuta amasiya pang'onopang'ono, ndipo pamene malo a mawilo afika bwino ndi malo a chiwongolero, kupereka ndi kutulutsa kwa ATP kuli. oletsedwa kwathunthu. Munthawi imeneyi, silinda, mbali zonse zomwe zimadzazidwa ndi mafuta ndikupanga machitidwe awiri otsekedwa, imagwira ntchito yokhazikika, chifukwa chake, ikagunda phokoso, chiwongolero chaching'ono chimafika pachiwongolero ndipo chiwongolero sichimatuluka. manja a driver.

Ndiko kuti, kugwira ntchito kwa hydraulic chiwongolero kumatengera mfundo za spool ndi torsion bar - pamene dalaivala atembenuza chiwongolero, amayamba kupotoza pang'ono kapamwamba, chifukwa spool imatsegula, ndiyeno torsion. bala kuwongola ndi kutseka spool. Ndiko kuti, madzimadzi amadzimadzi, chifukwa cha wogawa, amalowa mu silinda ya hydraulic pokhapokha ngati chiwongolerocho chikuposa chiwongolero chofananira, kuti dalaivala asachite khama kwambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo samataya kukhudzana ndi msewu.

Pomaliza

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito chiwongolero chowongolera mphamvu imachokera ku mphamvu yanthawi yochepa ya kupanikizika komwe kumapangidwa ndi mpope pa silinda, yomwe imasuntha choyikapo mbali yoyenera, kuthandiza dalaivala kuyendetsa galimoto. Chifukwa chake, magalimoto okhala ndi chiwongolero champhamvu amakhala omasuka kwambiri, makamaka akamayendetsa liwilo lotsika kapena kuyendetsa m'malo ovuta, chifukwa choyikapo chotere chimatenga katundu wambiri kuti atembenuze gudumu, ndipo woyendetsa amangopereka malamulo, osataya mayankho. panjira..

Kuwongolera mphamvu - chipangizocho ndi mfundo zoyendetsera kayendedwe ka mphamvu pazitsanzo za Lego!