Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa chotengera chosinthira pamayendedwe onse

Kutchuka kwakukulu komwe ma SUV ndi ma crossovers apeza posachedwa sizongochitika mwangozi. Kuyendetsa magudumu anayi kumapangitsa dalaivala kuyendetsa mozungulira mzindawo komanso m'malo ovuta. M'galimoto yotereyi, chotengera chotengeracho chimapangidwa m'njira yoti muzindikire bwino ubwino wa magudumu onse.

Cholinga cha mlanduwu

M'magalimoto oyendetsa amodzi, torque yopangidwa ndi injini ndi gearbox yosinthidwa imaperekedwa mwachindunji kumawilo oyendetsa. Ngati galimoto ili ndi magudumu anayi, kuti mugwiritse ntchito makokedwe bwino kwambiri, m'pofunika kugawa pakati pa ma axles akutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi ndi nthawi kumakhala kofunikira kusintha kuchuluka kwa torque yomwe imatumizidwa ku chitsulo china panthawi yoyenda.

Mlanduwu umayang'anira kugawa mphamvu za injini pakati pa ma axles akutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Monga gearbox, imatha kuonjezera mtengo wa torque pamlingo wina, womwe ndi wofunikira kwambiri poyendetsa galimoto muzovuta zakunja.

Nthawi zina makinawa amagwira ntchito yapadera pazida zapadera (zozimitsa moto, zaulimi ndi zomangamanga). Ntchito yonyamula katundu ndikusamutsa gawo la torque kupita ku zida zapadera: pampu yamoto, chowongolera chingwe, makina opangira crane, etc.

Mapangidwe a dispenser

Mlandu wosinthira, womwe nthawi zina umatchedwa "transfer case", umayikidwa pakati pa ma shafts ndi gearbox yopita ku ma axles. Ngakhale pali mitundu yambiri yamapangidwe, magawo ena amilandu yosinthira amapezeka pamitundu iliyonse:

1. kuyendetsa shaft (kutumiza torque kuchokera ku gearbox kupita ku bokosi losamutsa);
2. kutseka makina ndi kusiyana pakati;
3. zida kapena zida zochepetsera unyolo;
4. actuator (yoyang'anira kuyatsa loko);
5. ma cardan shafts oyendetsa kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo;
6. synchronizer yomwe imakulolani kuti mutsegule mzere wapansi mukuyenda.

Mlandu wosinthira ndi nyumba yomwe imaphatikizapo shaft yoyendetsa injini, ndipo ma shaft awiri a cardan amapita kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Mapangidwe a chotengeracho ndi chofanana ndi kapangidwe ka bokosi la gear: thupi lake ndi crankcase yotsekedwa, mafuta osambira omwe amapereka mafuta osiyanitsa komanso otsekera. Kuti musinthe, gwiritsani ntchito lever kapena mabatani mu kanyumba.

Mfundo yoyendetsera mlandu wotengerako

Ntchito yayikulu ya mlandu wotengerako ndikulumikiza kapena kulumikiza imodzi mwamilatho. Pakupanga ma SUV akale ndi magalimoto oyendetsa magudumu anayi, torque nthawi zonse imasamutsidwa kupita ku chitsulo chakumbuyo. Mphepete mwa kutsogolo, kuti apulumutse mafuta ndi moyo wa node, adalumikizidwa kuti athetse zigawo zovuta za msewu kapena mumsewu wovuta (mvula, ayezi, matalala). Mfundo imeneyi imasungidwa m'magalimoto amakono, ndi kusiyana kokha kuti chitsulo cha kutsogolo tsopano chikhale chotsogolera.

Kusintha kwa torque, kugawa kwake pakati pa ma axle onse oyendetsa, ndiye ntchito yachiwiri yofunika kwambiri pamilandu yosinthira. Kusiyanitsa kwapakati kumagawira makokedwe pakati pa ma axles akutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, pomwe amatha kulandira mphamvu zofanana (kusiyana kofananira) kapena kugawidwa ndi gawo lina (kusiyana kwa asymmetrical).

Kusiyanitsa kwapakati kumapangitsa kuti ma axles azizungulira pa liwiro losiyanasiyana. Izi ndizofunikira poyendetsa m'misewu yokonzedwa bwino kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka kwa matayala ndikupulumutsa mafuta. Panthawi yomwe galimotoyo imachoka pamsewu, ndipo muyenera kuyendetsa bwino kwambiri magudumu onse, maloko osiyanitsa apakati amatsegulidwa, ma axles amalumikizana mwamphamvu ndipo amatha kuzungulira pa liwiro lomwelo. Chifukwa cha kupewa kuterera, kamangidwe kameneka kamawonjezera kuyandama kwapamsewu.

Tiyenera kutsindika kuti kusiyana kwa loko kumapezeka kokha pamilandu yaying'ono yosamutsa yomwe imayikidwa pa ma SUV apamwamba, magalimoto apadera ndi magalimoto ankhondo. Ma crossovers a parquet ndi ma SUV omwe ali ofala m'nthawi yathu ino sanapangidwe kuti aziyendetsa kwambiri pamsewu, chifukwa chake, kuti achepetse mtengo, amalandidwa ntchitoyi.

Kusiyanasiyana kwapakati

Milandu yosinthira imagwiritsa ntchito makina atatu osiyanasiyana otsekera apakati omwe amayikidwa pamagalimoto omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe akunja.

Mkangano wa multiplate clutch. Mtundu wamakono kwambiri wa loko yosiyana munkhani yotengerapo. Mphamvu yoponderezedwa yoyendetsedwa ndi seti ya friction discs yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu clutch imalola kuti torque igawidwe motsatira ma axles kutengera momwe msewu uliri. Mumsewu wabwinobwino, ma axles amanyamulidwa mofanana. Ngati imodzi mwa ma axles iyamba kutsetsereka, ma diski amakangana amapanikizidwa, pang'ono kapena kutsekereza kusiyana kwapakati. Tsopano chitsulocho, chomwe mwangwiro "chimamatira pamsewu", chimalandira torque yambiri kuchokera ku injini. Kuti tichite izi, actuator imatumiza lamulo ku mota yamagetsi kapena silinda ya hydraulic.

Kulumikizana kwa viscous kapena kulumikizana kwa viscous. Loko lachikale koma lotsika mtengo komanso losavuta kugwiritsa ntchito diff. Zimapangidwa ndi ma disks omwe amaikidwa m'nyumba yodzaza ndi silikoni madzimadzi. Ma disks amalumikizidwa ndi ma wheel hubs ndi clutch housing. Pamene liwiro la milatho likuyamba kusintha, silicone imakhala yowoneka bwino, kutsekereza ma disc. Kuipa kwa mapangidwe achikale kumaphatikizapo chizolowezi chotentha kwambiri panthawi yogwira ntchito komanso kuwonekera mwadzidzidzi.

Masiyanidwe a Torsen chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zochepa, imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu "parquet" SUVs ndi ngolo zapanjira. Monga cholumikizira cha viscous, chimatumiza torque ku shaft yomwe imatsika pang'ono. The Thorsen actuator imatha kugawira zosaposa 80% zokankhira pa ekisi yodzaza, pomwe chowongoleracho chidzakhala ndi 20% ya torque. Mapangidwe a kusiyanako amakhala ndi zida za nyongolotsi, chifukwa cha kukangana komwe loko kumapangidwa.

Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito nkhani yosinthira

Ma SUV akale, magalimoto ndi magalimoto apadera nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi buku (makina) "transfer case" control. Kuti agwiritse ntchito kapena kuchotsa imodzi mwazitsulo, komanso kuti agwirizane ndi kusiyana kapena kutsika, lever imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala pa cab pansi pafupi ndi lever ya gear. Kuti muyatse, ndikofunikira nthawi ndi nthawi kuyimitsa galimoto.

Zitsanzo zazing'ono zimakhala ndi mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi ndipo njira zonse zosinthira zimasankhidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mabatani pamagulu. Ngati "razdatka" ili ndi synchronizer, simuyenera kuyimitsa galimoto.

M'magalimoto amakono, chotengera chosinthira chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mukasankha makina odziyimira pawokha, kompyuta yomwe ili pa bolodi imazindikira kutsetsereka kwa axle ndikuwongoleranso torque. Ngati ndi kotheka, yambitsa loko loko. Dalaivala akhoza kuzimitsa makinawo ndikuchita ntchito yonse popita yekha. Palibe chowongolera chowongolera.

Mitundu yonse ya ma crossovers ndi ma wagons ali ndi makina owongolera otengera okha. Dalaivala alibe mwayi wodzilamulira yekha, chifukwa zosankha zonse zimapangidwa ndi kompyuta.