Kugwiritsa ntchito urea mu injini ya dizilo

Malamulo amakono a chilengedwe amaika malire okhwima pamiyeso yotulutsa zowononga mu mpweya wotuluka mu injini ya dizilo. Izi zimakakamiza mainjiniya kuyang'ana njira zatsopano zothanirana ndi miyezo. Chimodzi mwa izi chinali kugwiritsa ntchito urea kwa mafuta a dizilo mu SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction). Mainjini a Daimler omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo uwu amatchedwa Bluetec.

Kodi dongosolo la SCR ndi chiyani

Dongosolo lazachilengedwe la Euro 6 lakhala likugwira ntchito m'maiko 28 a EU kuyambira 2015. Pansi pa muyeso watsopano, opanga magalimoto a dizilo ali ndi zofunika kwambiri chifukwa injini za dizilo zimawononga kwambiri chilengedwe komanso thanzi la anthu, kutulutsa mwaye ndi ma nitrogen oxide mumlengalenga.

Ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito njira zitatu zosinthira chothandizira ndikokwanira kuyeretsa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya wa injini yamafuta, chida chapamwamba kwambiri chochepetsera mankhwala ophera tizilombo mumipweya yotulutsa mpweya ndikofunikira pa injini ya dizilo. Kuchita bwino kwa kuyeretsa CO (carbon monoxide), CH (ma hydrocarbons) ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono kuchokera ku mpweya wotulutsa dizilo kumawonjezeka pa kutentha kwambiri, pomwe NOx, m'malo mwake, imachepa. Njira yothetsera vutoli inali kukhazikitsidwa kwa chothandizira cha SCR mu makina otulutsa mpweya, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito dizilo urea monga maziko a kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala oopsa a nitrogen oxide (NOx).

Pofuna kuchepetsa mpweya woipa, akatswiri apanga makina apadera oyeretsera dizilo - Bluetec. Zovutazi zimakhala ndi machitidwe atatu athunthu, omwe amasefa mankhwala oopsa ndikuphwanya mankhwala owopsa:

• Catalyst - imachepetsa CO ndi CH.
• Fyuluta ya Particulate - imatchera particles mwaye.
• SCR catalytic converter - Imachepetsa mpweya wa NOx ndi urea.

Njira yoyamba yoyeretsera idagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto ndi magalimoto a Mercedes-Benz. Masiku ano, opanga ambiri akusintha magalimoto awo kukhala njira yatsopano yoyeretsera ndikugwiritsa ntchito urea mu injini za dizilo kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zowongolera chilengedwe.

Urea waukadaulo AdBlue

Mapeto a metabolism ya mammalian, urea, akhala akudziwika kuyambira zaka za zana la XNUMX. Carbonic acid diomide imapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zopanga zinthu ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri paulimi. M'makampani amagalimoto, yankho la Adblue luso madzimadzi monga yogwira ntchito poyeretsa mpweya utsi wakupha ku nayitrogeni oxides.

Adblue ndi 40% urea ndi 60% madzi osungunuka. The zikuchokera jekeseni mu dongosolo SCR pa nozzle imene mpweya utsi amadutsa. Kuwola kumachitika, momwe nitric oxide imasweka kukhala ma nitrogen osavulaza ndi mamolekyu amadzi.

Urea waukadaulo wa dizilo - Adblue alibe chochita ndi urea urea, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'gawo lazachuma komanso mu pharmacology.

Edblue mu injini ya dizilo

Dongosolo la exhaust aftertreatment system, kapena SCR converter, ndi njira yotsekedwa yomwe utsi wa dizilo wopanda mwaye umayenda. Adblue madzi amatsanuliridwa mu thanki yodziyimira yokha ndikulowetsedwa mu chitoliro chotulutsa muyeso woyezera musanalowe mu chosinthira.

Mpweya wosakanikirana umalowa mu gawo la SCR neutralization, kumene mankhwala amachitikira kuti awononge nitric oxide pamtengo wa ammonia mu urea. Kuphatikiza ndi nitric oxide, mamolekyu a ammonia amawaphwanya kukhala zigawo zomwe zilibe vuto kwa anthu komanso chilengedwe.

Pambuyo pakuyeretsa kwathunthu, zowononga zochepa zimatulutsidwa mumlengalenga, gawo lotulutsa limagwirizana ndi ma protocol a Euro-5 ndi Euro-6.

Mfundo ya ntchito ya dizilo utsi kuyeretsa dongosolo

Dongosolo lathunthu la injini ya dizilo pambuyo pa chithandizo lili ndi chosinthira chothandizira, zosefera zamagulu ndi dongosolo la SCR. Mfundo ya ntchito yoyeretsa mu magawo:

1. Mpweya wotulutsa mpweya umalowa mu chosinthira chothandizira ndikusefa. Mwaye umasefedwa, tinthu tating'ono tamafuta timawotchedwa, ndipo mpweya wa monoxide ndi ma hydrocarbons amachotsedwa.
2. Injector imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupaka kuchuluka kwa AdBlue mu kugwirizana pakati pa fyuluta ya dizilo ya dizilo ndi SCR catalytic converter. Mamolekyu a urea amawola kukhala ammonia ndi isocyanic acid.
3. Ammonia amaphatikiza ndi nitrogen oxide, gawo loyipa kwambiri lamafuta a dizilo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mamolekyu amagawanika, zomwe zimatsogolera kupanga madzi ndi nayitrogeni. Mipweya yopanda vuto imatulutsidwa mumlengalenga.

Kupangidwa kwa urea kwa dizilo

Ngakhale kuphweka kwamadzimadzi a injini ya dizilo ndikosavuta, ndizosatheka kukonzekera nokha urea pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza wachilengedwe. Mapangidwe a molekyulu ya urea (NH2) 2CO, ndi kristalo woyera wopanda fungo, wosungunuka m'madzi ndi zosungunulira polar (madzi ammonia, methanol, chloroform, etc.).

Kwa msika waku Europe, madziwa amapangidwa moyang'aniridwa ndi VDA (German Automobile Industry Association), yomwe imapereka zilolezo kumakampani opanga, ena omwe amapereka madzi kumsika wamsika.

Ku Russia, chinyengo chamtundu wa AdBlue ndichoposa 50%. Chifukwa chake, pogula urea wa injini ya dizilo yopangidwa ku Russia, muyenera kutsogoleredwa ndi chizindikiro "ISO 22241-2-2009 Compliance".

Zochita ndi Zochita

Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito urea ndizodziwikiratu - pokhapokha ndi reagent iyi njira yoperekera mpweya wa SCR injini ya dizilo imatha kugwira ntchito mokwanira ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira za Euro 6 Standard.

Kuwonjezera pa kuteteza chilengedwe, ubwino woyeretsa urea umaphatikizapo mfundo zotsatirazi:

• kumwa kwake kwa magalimoto ndi 100 g pa 1000 Km;
• dongosolo la SCR likuphatikizidwa mu magalimoto amakono a dizilo;
• m’maiko ena msonkho wogwiritsira ntchito galimotoyo umachepetsedwa ngati njira yoyeretsera urea yaikidwa, ndipo palibe chiwopsezo cha chindapusa.

Tsoka ilo, dongosololi lilinso ndi zovuta zake:

• kuzizira kwa urea ndi -11 ° C;
• kufunika kowonjezera mafuta nthawi zonse;
• mtengo wagalimoto ukuwonjezeka;
• kuchuluka kwamadzi abodza a Adblue;
• kuchuluka kwamafuta amafuta;
• kukonzanso kwamtengo wapatali kwa zigawo za dongosolo.

Dongosolo lophatikizika la urea scrubbing lomwe limapangidwa m'magalimoto a dizilo likadali njira yokhayo yochepetsera mpweya wapoizoni. Zovuta mu ntchito, kukwera mtengo kwa reagents galimoto, osauka madzimadzi ndi dizilo mafuta zikutanthauza kuti madalaivala ambiri kusankha kuletsa dongosolo ndi kukhazikitsa emulators.

Komabe, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti urea imakhalabe mankhwala okhawo a dizilo omwe amalepheretsa kutulutsidwa kwa nitric oxide m'chilengedwe, zomwe zingayambitse khansa.