Kuneneratu za mliri usanafike

Algorithm yaku Canada BlueDot inali yachangu kuposa akatswiri pozindikira kuwopseza kwa coronavirus yaposachedwa. Adafotokozera makasitomala ake za zomwe zidawopseza masiku omwe bungwe la US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ndi World Health Organisation (WHO) lisanatumize zidziwitso kudziko lonse lapansi.

Kamran Khan (1), dokotala, katswiri wa matenda opatsirana, woyambitsa ndi CEO wa pulogalamuyi BlueDot, adafotokoza m'mawu atolankhani momwe dongosolo lochenjeza loyambirira limagwiritsira ntchito luntha lochita kupanga, kuphatikiza kukonza zilankhulo zachilengedwe ndi kuphunzira pamakina, kutsata ngakhale zana limodzi la matenda opatsirana panthawi imodzi. Pafupifupi zolemba 100 m'zilankhulo 65 zimawunikidwa tsiku lililonse.

1. Kamran Khan ndi mapu akuwonetsa kufalikira kwa coronavirus ya Wuhan.

Izi zimapereka chizindikiro kwa makampani nthawi yodziwitsa makasitomala awo za kupezeka ndi kufalikira kwa matenda opatsirana. Zina, monga zokhudza maulendo apaulendo ndi maulendo apandege, zingathandize kupereka zambiri zokhudza kutheka kwa mliriwu.

Lingaliro kumbuyo kwa mtundu wa BlueDot ndi motere. pezani zambiri mwachangu ogwira ntchito yazaumoyo ndi chiyembekezo choti atha kudziwa - ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, kuwapatula - omwe ali ndi kachilombo komanso omwe angathe kupatsirana pachiwopsezocho. Khan akufotokoza kuti ma algorithm sagwiritsa ntchito zidziwitso zapa social media chifukwa "ndizosokoneza kwambiri". Komabe, "zidziwitso zaboma sizikhala zanthawi zonse," adauza Recode. Ndipo nthawi yochitapo kanthu ndiyofunikira kuti mupewe kufalikira.

Khan anali akugwira ntchito ngati katswiri wa matenda opatsirana ku Toronto mu 2003 pomwe zidachitika. matenda SARS. Ankafuna kupanga njira yatsopano yodziwira matenda amtunduwu. Pambuyo poyesa mapulogalamu angapo owonetseratu, adayambitsa BlueDot mu 2014 ndipo adapeza ndalama zokwana madola 9,4 miliyoni pa ntchito yake. Kampaniyi ili ndi antchito makumi anayi, madokotala ndi opanga mapulogalamuomwe akupanga chida chowunikira chowunikira matenda.

Pambuyo posonkhanitsa deta ndi kusankha kwawo koyambirira, amalowetsa masewerawo openda. pambuyo akatswiri a miliri Amayesa zomwe zapezedwa kuti zitsimikizike zasayansi ndikubweza ku boma, bizinesi, ndi akatswiri azachipatala. makasitomala.

Khan adawonjezeranso kuti makina ake atha kugwiritsanso ntchito zina zambiri, monga chidziwitso cha nyengo ya dera linalake, kutentha, komanso chidziwitso chokhudza ziweto zakomweko, kulosera ngati munthu yemwe ali ndi matendawa angayambitse mliri. Amasonyeza kuti kumayambiriro kwa 2016, Blue-Dot adatha kufotokozera za kachilombo ka Zika ku Florida miyezi isanu ndi umodzi isanalembetsedwe m'deralo.

Kampaniyo imagwira ntchito mofananamo ndikugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje ofanana. Metabiotkuwunika kwa mliri wa SARS. Akatswiri ake nthawi ina adapeza kuti chiwopsezo chachikulu cha kufalikira kwa kachilomboka ku Thailand, South Korea, Japan ndi Taiwan, ndipo adachita izi patadutsa sabata imodzi milandu isanalengezedwe m'maikowa. Zina mwazotsatira zawo zidachokera pakuwunika kwa data yandege za anthu.

Metabiota, monga BlueDot, imagwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo chachilengedwe kuti iwunike malipoti a matenda omwe angakhalepo, komanso ikugwira ntchito yopanga ukadaulo womwewo wazidziwitso zapa media.

Mark Gallivan, Woyang'anira zasayansi wa Metabiota, adafotokozera atolankhani kuti nsanja zapaintaneti ndi mabwalo amatha kuwonetsa kuopsa kwa mliri. Akatswiri ogwira ntchito amanenanso kuti akhoza kuyerekezera chiwopsezo cha matenda omwe amayambitsa chipwirikiti pakati pa anthu ndi ndale potengera chidziwitso monga zizindikiro za matenda, imfa ndi kupezeka kwa chithandizo.

M'nthawi ya intaneti, aliyense amayembekeza chiwonetsero chachangu, chodalirika komanso chowoneka bwino chokhudza momwe mliri wa coronavirus ukuyendera, mwachitsanzo, ngati mapu osinthidwa.

2. Johns Hopkins University Coronavirus 2019-nCoV Dashboard.

Center for Systems Science and Engineering ku Johns Hopkins University yapanga mwina dashboard yotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi (2). Idaperekanso deta yonse kuti itsitsidwe ngati pepala la Google. Mapu akuwonetsa milandu yatsopano, kutsimikizika kwakufa komanso kuchira. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito powonera zimachokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo WHO, CDC, China CDC, NHC, ndi DXY, tsamba lachi China lomwe limaphatikiza malipoti a NHC ndi malipoti a nthawi yeniyeni a CCDC.

Diagnostics mu maola, osati masiku

Dziko lapansi linamva koyamba za matenda atsopano omwe adawonekera ku Wuhan, China. 31 December 2019 Patatha sabata imodzi, asayansi aku China adalengeza kuti adazindikira wolakwayo. Mlungu wotsatira, akatswiri a ku Germany adapanga mayeso oyambirira a matenda (3). Imathamanga, mwachangu kwambiri kuposa masiku a SARS kapena miliri yofananira isanachitike komanso pambuyo pake.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka khumi zapitazi, asayansi omwe akufunafuna mtundu wina wa kachilombo koyambitsa matenda amayenera kukulitsa m'maselo a nyama mu mbale za Petri. Muyenera kuti munapanga ma virus okwanira kuti mupange kupatula DNA ndikuwerenga ma genetic code kudzera munjira yomwe imadziwika kuti kusanja. Komabe, m’zaka zaposachedwapa, njira imeneyi yakula kwambiri.

Asayansi sakufunikanso kukulitsa kachilomboka m'maselo. Amatha kuzindikira mwachindunji tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta DNA ya ma virus m'mapapo a wodwala kapena kutuluka kwa magazi. Ndipo zimatenga maola, osati masiku.

Ntchito ikuchitika yopanga zida zachangu komanso zosavuta zowonera ma virus. Veredus Laboratories yochokera ku Singapore ikugwira ntchito yonyamula zida kuti izindikire, VereChip (4) idzagulitsidwa kuyambira February 1 chaka chino. Mayankho ogwira mtima komanso osunthika adzapangitsanso kuti azitha kuzindikira omwe ali ndi kachilomboka kuti alandire chithandizo choyenera chamankhwala potumiza magulu azachipatala m'munda, makamaka zipatala zikadzadza ndi anthu.

Kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kwapangitsa kuti zitheke kusonkhanitsa ndi kugawana zotsatira za matenda pafupifupi nthawi yeniyeni. Chitsanzo cha nsanja kuchokera ku Quidel Sofia Ndi system PCR10 FilmArray Makampani a BioFire omwe amapereka kuyezetsa mwachangu kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda opuma amapezeka nthawi yomweyo kudzera pamalumikizidwe opanda zingwe ndi nkhokwe mumtambo.

Ma genome a 2019-nCoV coronavirus (COVID-19) adatsatiridwa kwathunthu ndi asayansi aku China pasanathe mwezi umodzi atapezeka mlandu woyamba. Pafupifupi ena makumi awiri atsirizidwa kuyambira kutsatizana koyamba. Poyerekeza, mliri wa virus wa SARS unayamba chakumapeto kwa 2002, ndipo genome yake yonse sinapezeke mpaka Epulo 2003.

Kutsatizana kwa ma genome ndikofunikira pakukula kwa matenda ndi katemera wolimbana ndi matendawa.

Hospital Innovation

5. Loboti yachipatala yochokera ku Providence Regional Medical Center ku Everett.

Tsoka ilo, coronavirus yatsopano imawopsezanso madokotala. Malinga ndi CNN, kupewa kufalikira kwa coronavirus mkati ndi kunja kwa chipatala, ogwira ntchito ku Providence Regional Medical Center ku Everett, Washington, amagwiritsa ntchito Maloboti (5), yomwe imayesa zizindikiro zofunika kwa wodwala yemwe ali yekhayekha ndipo imakhala ngati nsanja yochitira misonkhano yamavidiyo. Makinawa samangolankhula pa mawilo okhala ndi chinsalu chopangidwa, koma samathetsa ntchito yaumunthu.

Anamwino akadali kulowa mchipinda ndi wodwalayo. Amayang'aniranso loboti yomwe sidzakumana ndi matenda, makamaka mwachilengedwe, kotero zida zamtunduwu zizigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza matenda opatsirana.

Zowona, zipinda zimatha kukhala zotsekedwa, koma muyeneranso kutulutsa mpweya kuti muthe kupuma. Izi zimafuna zatsopano kachitidwe ka mpweya wabwinokuletsa kufalikira kwa ma virus.

Kampani yaku Finnish Genano (6), yomwe idapanga njira zamtunduwu, idalandira dongosolo lodziwika bwino lazipatala ku China. Mawu a kampaniyo akuti kampaniyo ili ndi chidziwitso chochuluka popereka zida zopewera kufalikira kwa matenda opatsirana m'zipinda zachipatala zosabala komanso zakutali. M'zaka zam'mbuyomu, adapereka, mwa zina, zoperekera kuchipatala ku Saudi Arabia panthawi ya mliri wa virus wa MERS. Zida zaku Finnish zopangira mpweya wabwino zaperekedwanso ku chipatala chodziwika bwino chakanthawi cha anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka 2019-nCoV ku Wuhan, komwe adamangidwa m'masiku khumi.

6. Chithunzi cha dongosolo la Genano mu insulator

Ukadaulo wovomerezeka womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa "umachotsa ndikupha tizilombo tating'ono ta mpweya monga ma virus ndi mabakiteriya," malinga ndi Genano. Wokhoza kugwira tinthu tating'onoting'ono ngati 3 nanometers, oyeretsa mpweya alibe fyuluta yamakina kuti azisamalira, ndipo mpweya umasefedwa ndi gawo lamphamvu lamagetsi.

Chidwi china chaukadaulo chomwe chidawonekera pakubuka kwa coronavirus chinali makina opangira matenthedwe, ogwiritsidwa ntchito, mwa zina, anthu omwe ali ndi malungo amatengedwa ku eyapoti ya Indian.

Intaneti - kuvulaza kapena kuthandizira?

Ngakhale pali kutsutsidwa kwakukulu pakubwereza ndi kufalitsa, kufalitsa zabodza komanso mantha, zida zapa TV zathandizanso bwino kuyambira ku China.

Monga tafotokozera, mwachitsanzo, ndi tsamba laukadaulo waku China TMT Post, nsanja yamavidiyo ang'onoang'ono. douyin, yomwe ndi mtundu waku China wofanana ndi TikTok (7) wodziwika bwino padziko lonse lapansi, yakhazikitsa gawo lapadera lokonzekera zambiri zakufalikira kwa coronavirus. Pansi pa hashtag #Kulimbana ndi Chibayo, imasindikiza osati zambiri kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, komanso malipoti a akatswiri ndi malangizo.

Kuphatikiza pakudziwitsa komanso kufalitsa uthenga wofunikira, Douyin akufunanso kukhala ngati chida chothandizira madokotala ndi ogwira ntchito zachipatala omwe akulimbana ndi kachilomboka, komanso odwala omwe ali ndi kachilomboka. Katswiri Daniel Ahmad tweeted kuti pulogalamuyi yakhazikitsa "Jiayou video effect" (kutanthauza chilimbikitso) yomwe ogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito kutumiza mauthenga abwino othandizira madokotala, akatswiri azaumoyo, ndi odwala. Nkhani zamtunduwu zimasindikizidwanso ndi anthu otchuka, otchuka komanso otchedwa osonkhezera.

Masiku ano, akukhulupirira kuti kusanthula mosamalitsa zochitika zokhudzana ndi thanzi lazaumoyo kungathandize kwambiri asayansi ndi akuluakulu azaumoyo kuti azindikire ndikumvetsetsa bwino njira zopatsirana matenda pakati pa anthu.

Mwa zina chifukwa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti amakhala "okhazikika komanso ochulukirachulukira," adauza The Atlantic mu 2016. Saladi ya Marseille, wofufuza wa pa Federal Polytechnic School ku Lausanne, Switzerland, ndi katswiri wa nkhani yomwe ikukula yomwe asayansi amatcha "Digital Epidemiology". Komabe, pakadali pano, adawonjezeranso, ofufuza akuyesetsabe kuti amvetsetse ngati malo ochezera a pa Intaneti akukamba za mavuto azaumoyo omwe akuwonetsa zochitika za miliri kapena ayi (8).

8. Anthu aku China amajambula ma selfies atavala masks.

Zotsatira za kuyesa koyamba pankhaniyi sizikudziwika. Kale mu 2008, akatswiri a Google adayambitsa chida cholosera matenda - Google Flu Trends (GFT). Kampaniyo idaganiza zogwiritsa ntchito kusanthula deta ya injini yosakira ya Google kuti ipeze zizindikiro ndi mawu amawu. Panthawiyo, adayembekeza kuti zotsatira zake zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito molondola komanso nthawi yomweyo kuzindikira "ndondomeko" za fuluwenza ndi miliri ya dengue - masabata awiri m'mbuyomo kuposa US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (CDC), omwe kafukufuku wawo amawonedwa ngati muyezo wabwino kwambiri pantchitoyo. Komabe, zotsatira za Google pakuzindikira koyambirira kwa chimfine pa intaneti ku US ndipo pambuyo pake malungo ku Thailand adawonedwa kuti ndizolakwika kwambiri.

Njira ndi machitidwe omwe "amaneneratu" zochitika zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza. monga kuphulika kwa zipolowe kapena miliri, Microsoft yakhala ikugwiranso ntchito, yomwe mu 2013, pamodzi ndi Israeli Technion Institute, inayambitsa ndondomeko yolosera zatsoka pogwiritsa ntchito kusanthula kwazinthu zofalitsa. Mothandizidwa ndi vivisection ya mitu ya zilankhulo zambiri, "nzeru zamakompyuta" zidayenera kuzindikira ziwopsezo zamagulu.

Asayansi anafufuza zochitika zina za zochitika, monga chidziwitso chokhudza chilala ku Angola, chomwe chinayambitsa maulosi mu machitidwe owonetseratu za mliri wa kolera, popeza adapeza kugwirizana pakati pa chilala ndi kuwonjezeka kwa matenda. Dongosolo la dongosololi linapangidwa pamaziko a kusanthula zakale za New York Times, kuyambira 1986. Kupititsa patsogolo komanso njira yophunzirira makina kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zida zatsopano za intaneti.

Pakadali pano, kutengera kupambana kwa BlueDot ndi Metabiota pakulosera kwa matenda, wina angayesedwe kuganiza kuti kulosera kolondola n'kotheka makamaka pamaziko a "oyenerera" deta, i.e. akatswiri, otsimikizika, magwero apadera, osati chipwirikiti cha intaneti ndi madoko.

Koma mwina zonse ndi ma aligorivimu anzeru komanso kuphunzira bwino pamakina?