Malire a tebulo la periodic la zinthu. Kodi chilumba chosangalatsa cha bata chili kuti?

Kodi mndandanda wa zinthu uli ndi malire "chapamwamba" - ndiye kodi pali nambala ya atomiki yongoyerekeza ya chinthu cholemera kwambiri chomwe sichingafike kudziko lodziwika bwino? Katswiri wa sayansi ya zakuthambo wa ku Russia Yuri Oganesyan, yemwe dzina lake ndi gawo 118, amakhulupirira kuti malire oterowo ayenera kukhalapo.

Malinga ndi Oganesyan, mkulu wa labotale ya Flerov ku Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) ku Dubna, Russia, kukhalapo kwa malire oterowo ndi zotsatira za relativistic zotsatira. Pamene chiwerengero cha atomiki chikuwonjezeka, chiwerengero chabwino cha nyukiliya chimawonjezeka, ndipo izi, zimawonjezera kuthamanga kwa ma electron kuzungulira phata, kuyandikira malire a liwiro la kuwala, wasayansi akufotokoza muzoyankhulana zomwe zinafalitsidwa mu April magazini. . Wasayansi Watsopano. "Mwachitsanzo, ma elekitironi omwe ali pafupi kwambiri ndi nyukiliyasi mu element 112 amayenda pa 7/10 liwiro la kuwala. Ngati ma elekitironi akunja amayandikira liwiro la kuwala, amatha kusintha mawonekedwe a atomu, kuphwanya mfundo za tebulo la periodic," akutero.

Kupanga zinthu zatsopano zolemera kwambiri m'ma labotale afizikiki ndi ntchito yotopetsa. Asayansi ayenera, mwatsatanetsatane kwambiri, kulinganiza mphamvu zokopa ndi kukana pakati pa zinthu zoyambira. Chofunikira ndi chiwerengero cha "matsenga" cha ma protoni ndi ma neutroni omwe "amamatirana" mu nucleus ndi nambala ya atomiki yofunidwa. Njira yokhayo imafulumizitsa particles ku gawo limodzi la khumi la liwiro la kuwala. Pali mwayi wawung'ono, koma osati ziro, wopanga nyukiliyasi yolemera kwambiri ya atomiki ya nambala yofunikira. Kenako ntchito ya akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo ndi kuiziziritsa mofulumira ndi “kuigwira” mu chodziŵira kuti isanawole. Komabe, chifukwa cha izi ndikofunikira kupeza "zopangira" zoyenera - isotopu zosawerengeka, zokwera mtengo kwambiri zazinthu zomwe zili ndi neutron zofunika.

Kwenikweni, chinthu cholemera kwambiri mu gulu la transactinide, moyo wake ndi wamfupi. The element yokhala ndi atomiki nambala 112 ili ndi theka la moyo wa masekondi 29, 116 - 60 milliseconds, 118 - 0,9 milliseconds. Amakhulupirira kuti sayansi imafika malire a zinthu zomwe zingatheke mwakuthupi.

Komabe, Oganesyan amatsutsana. Amapereka lingaliro lakuti ali m'dziko la zinthu zolemera kwambiri. "Island of Stability". "Nthawi yovunda ya zinthu zatsopano ndi yaifupi kwambiri, koma ngati muwonjezera ma neutroni kumagulu awo, moyo wawo udzachuluka," akutero. “Kuwonjezera ma neutroni asanu ndi atatu ku zinthu zokwana 110, 111, 112 ndipo ngakhale 113 kumatalikitsa moyo wawo ndi zaka 100. kamodzi".

Amatchedwa Oganesyan, element Oganesson ali m'gulu la transactinides ndipo ali ndi nambala ya atomiki 118. Idapangidwa koyamba mu 2002 ndi gulu la asayansi aku Russia ndi America ochokera ku Joint Institute for Nuclear Research ku Dubna. Mu Disembala 2015, idazindikirika ngati imodzi mwazinthu zinayi zatsopano ndi IUPAC/IUPAP Joint Working Group (gulu lokhazikitsidwa ndi International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ndi International Union of Pure and Applied Physics). Dzinali lidachitika pa Novembara 28, 2016. Oganesson ma nambala ya atomiki yapamwamba kwambiri i chachikulu kwambiri cha atomiki mwa zinthu zonse zodziwika. Mu 2002-2005, maatomu anayi okha a isotopu 294 adapezeka.

Chinthu ichi ndi cha gulu la 18 la tebulo la periodic, i.e. mpweya wabwino (pokhala woyimilira woyamba), komabe, imatha kuwonetsa kuchitapo kanthu, mosiyana ndi mipweya ina yonse yabwino. M'mbuyomu, oganesson ankaganiziridwa kuti ndi mpweya wokhazikika, koma zolosera zamakono zimasonyeza kuti nthawi zonse pamakhala kuphatikizika pansi pazimenezi chifukwa cha zotsatira zomwe Oganessian anazitchula m'mafunso omwe tawatchula kale. Mu tebulo la periodic, ili mu p-block, pokhala muzu wotsiriza wa nyengo yachisanu ndi chiwiri.

Akatswiri onse a ku Russia ndi ku America akhala akulembapo mayina osiyanasiyana. Pamapeto pake, IUPAC idaganiza zolemekeza kukumbukira kwa Hovhannisyan pozindikira zomwe adathandizira pakupeza zinthu zolemera kwambiri patebulo la periodic. Chinthuchi ndi chimodzi mwa ziwiri (pafupi ndi nyanja) zotchedwa munthu wamoyo.