Malamulo onyamula katundu wowopsa pamsewu

Patsamba lathu la Vodi.su, talemba kale za zofunika pamayendedwe ndi madalaivala onyamula katundu wamba, wokulirapo. Mzere wosiyana ndi kayendedwe ka katundu woopsa, ndipo tidzakambirana m'nkhani yathu ya lero.

Tanthauzo

Choyamba, muyenera kumvetsetsa lingaliro la "katundu woopsa". Zafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane mu SDA, muzogamulo zovomerezedwa ndi Unduna wa Zamalonda, komanso mu chikalata chapadera - ADR (European Agreement on International Road Transport of Goods).

katundu woopsa - ichi ndi katundu yemwe amatha kuvulaza anthu ndi chilengedwe pakachitika ngozi, kutaya, kugwera m'madzi, nthaka, ndi zina zotero. Pali mitundu ingapo ya zoopsa: chakupha, poizoni, radioactive, oxidizing, choyaka. Palinso makalasi owopsa pamlingo wa 1 mpaka XNUMX.

Sitidzazilemba zonse mwatsatanetsatane, chifukwa zikuwonekeratu kuti, mwachitsanzo, magalimoto oyendetsa mafuta amanyamula katundu woopsa ndipo pakachitika ngozi, zotsatira zake zimakhala zovuta kwambiri - kuwombera kochititsa chidwi kwa asilikali a ku America a momwe matanki amafuta amaphulika, aliyense adawona.

Malingana ndi ADR yomweyi, pali mndandanda waukulu wa zitsulo zomwe zingathe kunyamula zinthu zoterezi: migolo, akasinja, zitsulo zachitsulo, ndi zina zotero. Chifukwa chake, zonsezi zidzawunikidwa mosamala pamasitomu ngati mukunyamula katundu wotere panjira.

Malamulo okhwima omwewo alipo mu malamulo apakhomo, tidzawaganizira.

Malamulo oyendetsera katundu wowopsa ku Russian Federation

Zofunikirazo zidavomerezedwa ndi Unduna wa Zamalonda mmbuyomo mu 1995, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo palibe kusintha kwapadera komwe kwachitika komwe kumakhudza tanthauzo lonse.

Gawo loyamba la chikalatacho ndi "General Provisions", iwo amayang'ana lingalirolo mwatsatanetsatane, kupereka maulalo ku GOSTs zosiyanasiyana ndi mapangano mayiko.

Bungwe la mayendedwe

Tiyeni titchule mfundo zazikulu:

• ntchito iyi ili ndi chilolezo, galimotoyo ili bwino, gulu la dalaivala likugwirizana ndi miyezo, pali tachograph yovomerezeka;
• mayendedwe amachitika pokhapokha ngati pali chilolezo - chimaperekedwa ndi akuluakulu a Avtodor, chilolezocho chikhoza kukhala ndege imodzi kapena gulu lonse la zoyendera, onyamula omwewo omwe akuchita ntchitoyi mosalekeza amalandira. chilolezo chovomerezeka kwa miyezi 6;
• zolemba zonse zimamangiriridwa ku katunduyo, zomwe sizimangofotokoza mawonekedwe ndi kalasi yowopsa, komanso miyeso yofunikira pakagwa mwadzidzidzi;
• Kukweza ndi kutsitsa kumachitika ndi anthu oyenerera.

Palinso malangizo okhudza kulemba magalimoto. Choncho, pambali kapena akasinja ntchito penti yoyenera ndi zolemba - "Flammable" kapena "Corrosive" ndi zina zotero. Mwachitsanzo, ngati tikulankhula za mayendedwe a dizilo mafuta, ndiye thanki utoto lalanje ndi kulemba "Flammable".

Kuperekeza, mtunda, zodzitetezera

Ponyamula convoy, njira zotsatirazi zimatsatiridwa:

• mtunda pakati pa magalimoto ndime ndi osachepera 50 mamita;
• poyendetsa panjira zovuta, m'madera amapiri - mtunda wa mamita osachepera 300;
• pazifukwa zosawoneka bwino (chipale chofewa, chifunga, mvula), pamene kuwonekera kuli kosakwana mamita 300, kutumiza kungakhale koletsedwa - mphindi ino yafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane m'malemba omwe ali nawo pa katundu aliyense;
• pamodzi ndi dalaivala, payenera kukhala woyendetsa galimotoyo, ndipo mtsogoleri wa nsika amasankhidwa, yemwe ali ndi udindo wotsatira miyezo yonse;
• kuyimitsa magalimoto kungakhale koletsedwa m'mizinda ngati katunduyo ali m'gulu la "owopsa kwambiri".

Payokha, mphindi yonga ngati malo osungira magetsi imatchulidwa. Ndiko kuti, akasinja ayenera kudzazidwa kuti mphamvu zawo ndi zokwanira makilomita 500 njira.

Ngati kuperekezedwa kwaperekedwa, ndiye kuti galimoto ya apolisi apamsewu imayendetsa kutsogolo kwa convoy ndi beacon yonyezimira.

Mfundo yofunika kwambiri ndi yakuti mumsewu wa magalimoto asanu kapena kuposerapo, pali galimoto ina yamtundu womwewo m'gululi, imakhala yopanda kanthu ndipo imakhala ngati yosunga zobwezeretsera pakagwa mwadzidzidzi.

Zinthu zina

Pamwambapa, tapereka zofunikira zonse zomwe zikukhudzana mwachindunji ndi madalaivala ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake. Komabe, chikalata chovomerezedwa ndi Unduna wa Zoyendetsa ndi chokulirapo, chilichonse chikuwonetsedwa momwemo.

Tiyeni tingotchula mfundozo osakhazikika kwambiri:

• ubale wa mabizinesi oyendetsa magalimoto ndi kasitomala - udindo wa consignee ndi wotumiza (zipinda zosungirako zokonzekera, akasinja ndi zida zina ziyenera kutsukidwa pambuyo potsitsa, ndi zina zotero);
• zonyamula katundu - zotsimikizika pamitundu yonse ya katundu;
• zofunika kwa dalaivala ndi antchito;
• malamulo oyendetsera katundu wamtundu wina.

Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri chingakhale chinthu chomwe chili paukadaulo wagalimoto:

• dalaivala ayenera kukhala ndi zida naye kuti athetse kuwonongeka kulikonse panjira;
• chozimitsira moto, fosholo, mchenga wozimitsa moto;
• ma counterstops (nsapato) pa gudumu lililonse;
• zida thandizo loyamba ndi njira neutralization wa zinthu zoopsa;
• zizindikiro zosonyeza kuchuluka kwa ngozi - zimakhazikika pagalimoto yokha;
• magetsi a lalanje - amakhala pamtunda wa mamita 10 kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa galimoto ngati atakhala usiku wonse kapena kuyimitsa mwadzidzidzi.

Zimanenedwanso kuti ndizoletsedwa kunyamula katundu wophulika pamagalimoto omwe zida za gasi-baluni zimayikidwa.

Monga mukuonera, kunyamula katundu woopsa ndi ntchito yaikulu kwambiri. Komabe, tsiku lililonse akasinja okhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana amafika ku Moscow ndi mizinda ina, kuphatikizapo gasi wamadzimadzi kuti azidzazitsiramo zinthu, ndipo sitinkakonda kuwerenga m’nyuzipepala kuti pachitika kuphulika kapena ngozi. Izi ndichifukwa choti chidwi chochuluka chimaperekedwa pakuwonetsetsa chitetezo, ndipo ophwanya amalangidwa kwambiri.

Malipiro

Nkhani ziwiri zimaperekedwa ku vutoli mu Code of Administrative Offenses - 12.21.2 gawo 1 ndi 12.21.2 gawo 2.

Malinga ndi woyamba wa iwo, ngati mayendedwe ikuchitika galimoto ndi makhalidwe osayenera, ndipo dalaivala alibe chilolezo choyenera, ayenera kulipira 2-2,5 zikwi rubles. Chilango chochuluka cha 15-20 chikaperekedwa kwa akuluakulu, ndi mabungwe ovomerezeka. nkhope - 400-500 zikwi rubles

Nkhani yachiwiri ikupereka chilango chophwanya malamulo ena aliwonse onyamula katundu. Malingana ndi izo, dalaivala amalipira chikwi chimodzi ndi theka, akuluakulu - 5-10 zikwi, ovomerezeka. munthu - 150-250 zikwi rubles.

Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti chindapusa pankhaniyi si chilango chokhwima kwambiri. Zotsatira za kunyalanyaza zingakhale zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri.

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