kulephera kwa shock absorber: zizindikiro ndi zomwe zimakhudza

kuwonongeka kwa shock absorber zimakhudza kwambiri khalidwe la galimoto pamsewu. ndicho, thupi la galimoto "kudumphira" pa mathamangitsidwe ndi mabuleki, mabuleki mtunda ukuwonjezeka, izo imagudubuzika kwambiri pa kuwongolera ndi kugwedezeka pamene akuyendetsa pa tokhala.

Pali zodziwikiratu ndi zobisika zizindikiro za olakwika shock absorbers. Zodziwikiratu zimaphatikizira kutulutsa kwamafuta (kuvala kwa bokosi lopangira zinthu ndi / kapena ndodo), koma zambiri zikadali zobisika, mwachitsanzo, kukalamba kwamafuta, kusinthika kwa mbale zama valve, kuvala kwa chisindikizo cha pistoni ndi makoma amkati. silinda yogwira ntchito. pofuna kupewa zotsatira zosasangalatsa, m'pofunika kudziwa kusweka kwa shockers mu nthawi.

Zizindikiro za kusweka shock absorbers

Pali mitundu iwiri ya zizindikiro zosonyeza kuti chododometsa chalephera kwathunthu kapena pang'ono. Mtundu woyamba ndi wowoneka. ndiko kuti, amatha kudziwika ndi kuyang'ana kowoneka kwa chotsitsa chododometsa. Mtundu wachiwiri wa zizindikiro ziyenera kuphatikizapo kusintha kwa khalidwe la galimoto yoyenda. Tiyeni tiyambe kulemba zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi mtundu wachiwiri, popeza choyamba muyenera kumvetsera momwe khalidwe la galimoto lasinthira, ndilo:

• Kuthamanga pa braking ndi kuthamanga. Ngati ma shock absorbers ali bwino, ndiye kuti ngakhale ndi braking mwadzidzidzi, galimotoyo iyenera kugwedezeka kangapo kamodzi, pambuyo pake mpweya wotsekemera uyenera kuchepetsa kayendedwe ka oscillatory. Ngati pali zosintha ziwiri kapena zingapo - chizindikiro cha kulephera pang'ono kapena kwathunthu.
• Pereka pamene mukuyendetsa. Apa zinthu ndi zofanana, mutatuluka mpukutu wakuthwa mukalowa mokhotakhota, thupi siliyenera kugwedezeka mu ndege yodutsa. Ngati ndi choncho, ndiye kuti shock absorber yalephera.
• Mtunda wowonjezerapo. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka komweko panthawi ya braking. Ndiko kuti, pa nthawi yaitali braking, shock absorber si kuchepetsa kugwedezeka, ndi galimoto nthawi kumatsika ndi kukweza kutsogolo kwa thupi. Chifukwa cha izi, katundu pamawilo akutsogolo amachepetsedwa, zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu ya braking. Makamaka mtunda wa braking ukuwonjezeka m'magalimoto okhala ndi anti-lock brakes. Izi ndichifukwa choti mbali yakumbuyo imawuka, ndipo ABS imachepetsa kuthamanga kwa brake line. mtunda wamabuleki umachulukiranso popanga mabuleki m'misewu yoyipa.
• galimoto sigwira msewu. ndicho, pamene chiwongolero chaikidwa mu malo owongoka, galimoto nthawi zonse amatsogolera mbali. Chifukwa chake, dalaivala ayenera nthawi zonse taxi kuti agwirizane ndi njira yoyenda.
• Zovuta mukamayendetsa. Ikhoza kudziwonetsera yokha m'njira zosiyanasiyana. mwachitsanzo, chifukwa chogwedeza galimoto, madalaivala ena ndi / kapena okwera samva bwino akamayendetsa mtunda wautali, akudwala "matenda apanyanja" (dzina lovomerezeka ndi kinetosis kapena matenda oyenda) anthu amatha kudwala. Izi ndi chizindikiro cha chosweka chakumbuyo chakumbuyo.

Chonde dziwani kuti zizindikiro monga kukwera kwa mtunda woyima, kutayika kwa matayala osagwirizana komanso kufunikira kowongolera nthawi zonse zitha kuwonetsa zovuta zina mgalimoto, monga ma brake pads, kutsika kwa mabuleki, kuthamanga kwa tayala kosagwirizana, zovuta zolumikizana ndi mpira kapena zida zina. . Choncho, ndi zofunika kuti mabuku matenda. Zizindikiro zowoneka za ma shock absorber wear ndi awa:

• Mawonekedwe a mikwingwirima pathupi ndi tsinde. ndicho chifukwa cha kuvala kwa stuffing bokosi (chisindikizo) ndi / kapena mantha absorber ndodo. Kutsika kwamafuta kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa matalikidwe ogwiritsira ntchito chipangizocho, komanso kuwonjezeka kwa mavalidwe a magawo omwe akuphatikizidwa pamapangidwe ake.
• Kuvala midadada chete. Monga mukudziwira, mu hinge ya mphira-zitsulo, kuyenda kumatsimikiziridwa ndi elasticity ya rabara (kapena polyurethane, malingana ndi mapangidwe). Mwachilengedwe, ngati chotsitsa chododometsa chikugwira ntchito molimbika, ndiye kuti kuyesetsa kowonjezereka kudzasamutsidwa ku chipika chopanda phokoso, chomwe chidzapangitsa kuti awonongeke kwambiri komanso kulephera. Chifukwa chake, pozindikira zotsekemera zowopsa, ndikofunikira nthawi zonse kuyang'ana momwe malo opanda phokoso.
• Kuwonongeka kwa nyumba zotsekereza ndi / kapena zomangira zake. Izi zikhoza kufotokozedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, maonekedwe a dzimbiri pa ndodo (kuima, chithandizo), kupindika kwa thupi, kuwonongeka kwa mabawuti okwera, ndi zina zotero. Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, chotsitsa chodzidzimutsa chiyenera kufufuzidwa mosamala.
• Matayala osagwirizana. Kawirikawiri amavala kwambiri mkati ndi kunja kwa kunja.

Ndiko kuti, ngati pali kuwonongeka kwa zowonongeka zowonongeka, ndiye dikirani kulephera kwa zinthu zina zoyimitsidwa, chifukwa zonse zimagwirizanitsidwa ndipo zimatha kukhudzidwa wina ndi mzake.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kulephera kwa shock absorber

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zinthu zowonongeka zowonongeka sikungangoyambitsa chisokonezo pamene mukuyendetsa galimoto, komanso kumayambitsa ngozi yeniyeni poyendetsa galimoto. Chifukwa chake, zovuta zomwe zitha kuphatikizidwa ndi kusweka kwa shock absorber:

• Kugwira pang'ono pamsewu. ndicho, pamene galimoto ikugwedezeka, clutch idzakhala ndi mtengo wosinthika.
• Kuchulukitsa mtunda woyima, makamaka pamagalimoto okhala ndi anti-lock braking system (ABS).
• Kulakwitsa kwa machitidwe ena amagetsi agalimoto ndikotheka, monga ABS, ESP (dongosolo lokhazikika losinthana) ndi ena.
• Kuwonongeka kwa kayendetsedwe ka galimoto, makamaka pamene mukuyendetsa kwambiri.
• Maonekedwe a "hydroplaning" mukamayendetsa misewu yonyowa pa liwiro lotsika.
• poyendetsa usiku, kugwedezeka kosalekeza kwa kutsogolo kwa galimoto kungachititse kuti nyali zamoto zisokoneze madalaivala omwe akubwera.
• Kusapeza bwino posuntha. Izi ndi zoona makamaka poyendetsa mtunda wautali. Kwa dalaivala, izi zikuwopseza kutopa kowonjezereka, komanso kwa anthu omwe amakonda "kudwala panyanja", ndizowopsa ndi matenda oyenda.
• Kuwonjezeka kwa matayala, mabala a rabala, midadada yopanda phokoso, mabampu ndi akasupe. ndi zigawo zina zoyimitsa galimoto.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kulephera kwa shock absorber

Zomwe zimayambitsa kulephera nthawi zambiri zimakhala zachilengedwe, kuphatikiza:

• Kukalamba kwamadzimadzi owopsa (mafuta). Mofanana ndi zamadzimadzi zina zamakono m'galimoto, mafuta omwe ali muzitsulo zowonongeka pang'onopang'ono amapeza chinyezi ndipo amataya mphamvu zake. Mwachibadwa, izi zimatsogolera ku mfundo yakuti chododometsa chimayamba kugwira ntchito molimbika kuposa momwe chinagwirira ntchito kale. Komabe, ziyenera kumveka kuti kukalamba kwamadzimadzi sikuchitika usiku wonse, kupatulapo kuphulika kwa chisindikizo pa thupi lochititsa mantha.
• Chisindikizo chosweka. ndicho, kusindikizidwa kwa pisitoni ndi makoma amkati a silinda yogwira ntchito. Chisindikizo chamafuta chimatha kusweka chifukwa cha zinthu zakunja kapena kungoti muukalamba. Iwo, monga chisindikizo chilichonse cha rabala, amatentha pakapita nthawi ndikuyamba kutulutsa madzi. Chifukwa cha izi, mafuta amatuluka kuchokera ku shock absorber, komanso chinyezi chochokera kunja cholowa mu mafuta, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa ntchito yake.
• Kusintha kwa mbale za valve. Njirayi imakhalanso yachibadwa ndipo imachitika nthawi zonse, ngakhale pa liwiro losiyana. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa mapindikidwe kumadalira pazifukwa ziwiri zofunika - mtundu wa chotsitsa chododometsa (ubwino wazitsulo za mbale) ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito (mwachilengedwe, kugwedezeka kwakukulu kumabweretsa kusinthika msanga).
• Kutaya kwa gasi. Izi ndi zoona kwa zotsekemera zodzaza gasi. Zomwe zili pano ndizofanana ndi zida zodzaza mafuta. Mpweya pano umagwira ntchito yonyowa, ndipo ngati palibe, ndiye kuti chotsitsa chododometsa sichigwiranso ntchito.
• Kulephera kwa midadada chete. Amatha chifukwa chazifukwa zachilengedwe, amataya mphamvu zawo komanso ntchito zawo. Zigawozi siziyenera kukonzedwa, chifukwa chake, ngati zilephera, zimangofunika kusinthidwa (ngati n'kotheka, kapena zowonongeka ziyenera kusinthidwa).

Momwe mungadziwire kuwonongeka kwa ma shock absorbers

Eni ake agalimoto akuda nkhawa ndi funso la momwe angayang'anire chotsitsa chamafuta kapena gasi-mafuta pazifukwa. Izi zili choncho chifukwa chakuti zipangizo zamakono zowonongeka nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mapangidwe ovuta kwambiri kuposa zitsanzo zakale, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti njira zodziwira matenda zikhale zovuta kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, moyenera, muyenera kuwayang'ana muutumiki wamagalimoto pamalo apadera. Komabe, pali njira zingapo za "garaja" zotsimikizira.

kugwedezeka kwa thupi

Njira yosavuta, "yachikale" ndikugwedeza thupi lagalimoto. kutanthauza, kugwedeza kutsogolo kwake kapena mbali yakumbuyo, kapena zotsekera payokha. Muyenera kugwedezeka mwamphamvu, koma nthawi yomweyo musapindane ndi zinthu za thupi (pochita, zochitika zoterezi zimachitika!). Mwachidziwitso, muyenera kukwaniritsa pazipita zotheka kugwedezeka matalikidwe, ndiye kumasula thupi ndi kuyang'ana pa kugwedera zina.

Ngati chotsitsa chododometsa chikugwira ntchito, ndiye kuti thupi limapanga kugwedezeka kumodzi (kapena theka ndi theka), pambuyo pake lidzakhazikika ndikukhalabe pamalo ake oyambirira. Kukachitika kuti chotsitsa chododometsa chawonongeka, ndiye kuti thupi limatulutsa kugwedezeka kuwiri kapena kuposa. Pankhaniyi, iyenera kusinthidwa.

N'zoona kuti njira buildup ndi oyenera magalimoto ndi dongosolo kuyimitsidwa yosavuta, mwachitsanzo, VAZ- "zachikale" (zitsanzo Vaz-2101 kuti VAZ-2107). Magalimoto amakono nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kuyimitsidwa kovutirapo (nthawi zambiri kokhala ndi maulalo ambiri), kotero kumachepetsa kugwedezeka komwe kumabwera ngakhale ndi zosokoneza zosokoneza. Chifukwa chake, mothandizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa thupi, mokulira, ndizotheka kudziwa malire awiri - damper yasokonekera kwathunthu, kapena imagwira ntchito. Sikophweka kuzindikira "avareji" maiko a shock absorber mothandizidwa ndi buildup.

Kuwona zowoneka

Mukazindikira vuto la kugwedezeka kwamphamvu, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana mowoneka bwino. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuyendetsa galimoto m'dzenje lowonera kapena kuikweza pamtunda. Mukhoza, ndithudi, kuchotsa chotsitsa chododometsa, koma izi zingatenge nthawi yambiri ndi khama. Pakuwunika, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana ngati mafuta atayika panyumba yochotsa mantha. Mukhoza kupukuta zotsalira za mafuta ndi chiguduli ndikuzisiya monga choncho kwa masiku angapo. Pambuyo pa nthawiyi, mayeserowo ayenera kubwerezedwa.

Ngati galimoto ikukwezedwa pamtunda, m'pofunika kuyang'ana momwe ndodo zowonongeka zimagwedezeka. Ziyenera kukhala zopanda dzimbiri komanso zowonongeka. Ngati zili choncho, ndiye kuti chipangizocho ndi cholakwika pang'ono ndipo zofunikira zowonjezera ziyenera kuchitidwa.

Poyang'ana, onetsetsani kuti mumayang'anitsitsa chikhalidwe cha matayala. Nthawi zambiri, pamene zotsekemera zowonongeka zimasweka, zimatha mosagwirizana, nthawi zambiri, zovala zapansi zimapita mkati mwa tayala. Pakhoza kukhalanso zigamba za dazi pa rabala. Komabe, kuvala kupondaponda kumatha kuwonetsanso zolephera zina pazinthu zoyimitsidwa, chifukwa chake zidziwitso zowonjezera zimafunikiranso pano.

Ngati kuwonongeka kwa chotengera chakutsogolo (strut) chikayang'aniridwa, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana akasupe ndi zida zapamwamba. Ma damping akasupe ayenera kukhala osasunthika, opanda ming'alu ndi kuwonongeka kwa makina.

Nthawi zambiri, ngakhale chotchinga chododometsa pang'ono sichingakhale ndi mawonekedwe osweka. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuchita kafukufuku wokwanira, koposa zonse muutumiki wamagalimoto.

Kuwona zowongolera magalimoto

Ngati chododometsa chododometsa / chododometsa ndi cholakwika, ndiye kuti poyendetsa galimoto, dalaivala amamva kuti galimotoyo "ikuyenda" pamsewu, ndiye kuti, padzakhala kofunika kuti aziwongolera nthawi zonse kuti apitirizebe. Pamene ikuthamanga ndi kuphulika, galimotoyo imagwedezeka. Momwemonso ndi momwe thupi limapendekera. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, sikoyenera kuthamangira ku liwiro lalikulu, liwiro la mzinda ndiloyenera kuyang'ana. ndicho, pa liwiro la 50 ... 60 Km / h, mukhoza kupanga mathamangitsidwe lakuthwa, braking, njoka.

Chonde dziwani kuti ngati chowombera chodzidzimutsa chatsala pang'ono "kufa", ndiye kuti kulowera chakuthwa pa liwiro lalikulu ndikoopsa, chifukwa kumadzaza ndi rollover pambali pake! Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa magalimoto omwe ali ndi injini yamphamvu yoyaka mkati.

Pamene kusintha shock absorber

muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wa chotsitsa chododometsa, komanso momwe magalimoto amagwirira ntchito, kuvala kwa unit kumachitika nthawi zonse. Ndi liwiro lochulukirapo kapena pang'ono, koma mosalekeza! Choncho, m`pofunikanso fufuzani matenda nthawi zonse. Ambiri opanga zinthu zapakati pamitengo amavomereza kuchita cheke aliyense 20 ... 30 makilomita zikwi. Ponena za m'malo, chowombera chodzidzimutsa nthawi zambiri chimakhala chachikulu imatha pambuyo pa 80 ... 100 makilomita zikwi. Panthawi imeneyi, muyenera kufufuza bwinobwino, ndipo ngati n'koyenera, m'malo mwake.

Ndipo kuti ma shock absorbers azigwira ntchito motalika momwe angathere, motsogozedwa ndi malingaliro awa:

• Osadzaza makinawo. Buku kwa galimoto iliyonse mwachindunji limasonyeza pazipita katundu mphamvu. Musati muchulukitse galimoto, chifukwa ndi zoipa kwa zigawo zake zosiyanasiyana - kuphatikizapo injini kuyaka mkati ndi zinthu kuyimitsidwa, ndicho absorbers mantha.
• Lolani kuti igwire ntchito. poyendetsa galimoto m'nyengo yozizira (makamaka mu chisanu choopsa), yesetsani kuyendetsa 500 ... 1000 mamita pa liwiro lotsika ndikupewa tokhala. Izi zidzatenthetsa ndikufalitsa mafuta.

kotero, ngati pali mavuto ndi shock absorbers, ndi bwino kuti amangitse izo, ndi m`malo vuto mfundo zatsopano. Pankhani yogula, ndi bwino kugula zotsekemera zovomerezeka kuchokera kwa "akuluakulu". Kapena sankhani katundu m'masitolo odalirika, kutengera ndemanga za oyendetsa galimoto.